Panic button in refrigerators. Selection of fire detectors for a refrigerating (freezing) warehouse

The premises of the machine and equipment rooms can be located in a separate building or built into the refrigerator building and separated by a solid wall without window and door openings. The enclosing structures of the building of the engine and equipment rooms must have easily dropped elements (windows, doors) with a total area of ​​at least 0.03 m² per 1 m³ of the building volume. The engine room should be located on the ground floor. Above and below the engine room it is not allowed to have premises with permanent workplaces and amenity premises. It is necessary to have two mutually remote exits, one of which must be directly outside. It is allowed to arrange one exit for the engine room with an area of ​​​​not more than 40 square meters, provided that refrigeration equipment is placed against the wall opposite the exit. From the hardware room, in addition to the exit to the engine room, an exit to the outside is mandatory, otherwise a separate hardware room should not be provided.
Basic safety requirements prohibit unauthorized people from entering the engine room. A sign “Compressor shop. No entrance for unauthorized people. Room V-1b". Workshop doors should open outwards. A bell is set to call the driver.
Another important provision of the basic safety requirements for the operation of refrigeration units. Outdoors, at the exits from the compressor shop, they mount on the wall emergency stop buttons all equipment in the engine room. Simultaneously with the shutdown of compressors, pumps and fans, emergency ventilation is switched on from a separate power source.
In refrigerating chambers with a temperature below 0 ° C, it should be organized light and sound alarm system "Man in the cell". It is installed near the doors of the chamber at a height of not more than 50 cm from the floor and is displayed in the compressor shop on the control panel or signal board.
The floor of the compressor shop should not be lower than the level of the adjacent territory. The floors are made even, non-slip, fireproof material.
The central control panel (CPU) is arranged in the presence of centralized control, regulation and signaling. It is located in a separate room next to the compressor shop or inside it. In the separating wall, a window opening with an area of ​​​​not more than 3 m² is allowed.
Amenity changing rooms, a bathroom, a dining room, an office for the head of the workshop, a locksmith's area, a pantry should be separated from the compressor shop by a fireproof wall and have an exit to the outside.

The driver's table is installed in the central control room or directly in the compressor shop at a site convenient for monitoring the readings of instrumentation, automation and signaling equipment, and equipment operation. Daily and repair logs are located at the workplace; telephone; rules of construction and safe operation; telephone numbers and address of the organization serving the installation; equipment operating instructions; indicator paper for detecting ammonia leaks (in a sealed package) or a halide lamp for detecting freon leaks.

Another important provision of the basic safety requirements for the operation of refrigeration units. The engine room must be equipped general purpose first aid kit containing sterile dressings; hemostatic agents; Vishnevsky ointment or penicillin ointment; bicarbonate soda; dark goggles; wooden spatulas for applying ointment; ammonia and valerian drops.

In the anti-ammonia first aid kit should be 1-2% solution of citric acid; 3% lactic acid solution; 2-4% solution of boric acid; 1% solution of novocaine, codeine and alcohol.

In the anti-halon first aid kit should be ammonia (for breathing).

Gas masks of the KD type (color of the box is gray), compressed air apparatus of the ASV type, universal rescue diving suits of the USGK type and rubber gloves should be in the designated places (Table 3).

For all gas masks of the KD type for individual use, accounting cards are entered into which the issue date, the date of the last inspection and the next check, to whom it was issued and the place of storage are entered. Each gas mask must have a plate with the name of the owner and the number of the helmet-mask. To select a gas mask helmet, measure the lengths of circular lines, one of which runs along the edge of the chin, cheeks and through the top of the head. The second circular line connects the auricles and passes over the eyebrows. The sum of two measurements determines the size of the helmet-mask:

Gas masks must be kept clean. When checking them, the hole in the filter box is closed with a rubber stopper and 3-4 deep breaths are taken. If it is impossible to breathe, the gas mask is airtight.

At least two pairs of rubber gloves and mittens, as well as one insulating gas mask IP-46, must be kept in a glass cabinet in the premises of freon installations.

Workers and engineers must be provided with overalls and safety shoes in accordance with standard industry standards approved by the USSR State Committee for Labor and Social Affairs and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions.

General purpose and special tool are completed at the locksmith site or directly in the compressor shop. For current repair work, a workbench with a bench vise is installed. The tool is placed in the drawers of the workbench and on the shield next to it.

The locksmith shop also stores spare parts subject to rapid wear, gasket material.

A dielectric tool and means of protection against electric shock are placed in the central control room or in a separate room for instrumentation and automation fitters.

Fire-fighting equipment must comply with the standards approved by the VNIHI Academic Council (Table 4).

The use of fire fighting equipment for household purposes is prohibited.
A fire shield with the following set should be installed at the main entrance to the engine room: 2 fire extinguishers, a box of sand, an asbestos sheet, 2 crowbars, 2 axes, 2 shovels and a metal hook.
The shield equipment is sealed or sealed. On the shield should be an inventory of the entire set. The shield is painted white with a red border (edging) along the edges with a width of 40 mm. Fire tools, fire extinguishers and boxes are painted red; metal parts of axes, shovels, as well as crowbars and hooks - in black.
Ventilation machine and hardware department ammonia refrigeration units should be supply and exhaust, forced with the following air exchange rate per 1 hour: inflow - according to the calculation, but not less than 2; extract - by calculation, but not less than 3; emergency exhaust - at least 8 (excluding the performance of permanent exhaust ventilation). It must have starting devices both inside these premises and outside.

Supply ventilation intakes are arranged in the lower part of the wall at a height of 0.3-1 m from the floor, the hood is located on top at the maximum distance from the intakes.

indoors freon installations supply and exhaust (aka emergency) ventilation must be forced with a multiplicity of at least 3. The suction opening of the exhaust fan must be located at a distance of 1.0-1.5 m from the floor.

Water and steam heating systems are allowed. The coolant temperature must not exceed 130°C.

Lighting engine rooms are used both natural and artificial.

Daylight- through windows and lanterns on ceilings.

artificial lighting It is carried out by incandescent lamps and gas-discharge (fluorescent) lamps. The latter are more durable and economical, however, they cause a pulsation of the light flux, so it is recommended to connect them to different phases of the network.

There are general, combined and local artificial lighting.

At general lighting minimum illumination of 75 lux with incandescent lamps and 150 lux with gas discharge lamps.

Combined lighting consists of general lighting of the workshop and local lighting of work surfaces, instruments, etc. Their minimum illumination should be at least 300 lux. The recommended hanging height of the lamps is indicated in Table. 5.

For local lighting reflectors are used. It is forbidden to use only local lighting.

Portable lamps are also used for local lighting when inspecting, repairing and cleaning compressors and apparatus. In addition, pocket and rechargeable flashlights of any explosion-proof design with a voltage of not more than 12 V are used.

Emergency lighting for short-term production work, it should turn on when the main lighting is turned off, work from an autonomous source and be at least 10% of the illumination norm for these places.

The basic requirements of safety and industrial sanitation establish the permissible values ​​for the level of noise and vibration for engine rooms.

Noise level in the compressor shop should not exceed the permissible limits, at which for a long time there is no decrease in hearing acuity and intelligible speech at a distance of 1.5 m from the speaker. To reduce noise, the central control room is protected by sound insulation and soundproof casings of the equipment are used. Ear plugs, earmuffs and helmets are used as personal protective equipment for drivers.

Vibration working equipment should not coincide in frequency with the natural frequency of the human body and its internal organs (4-400 Hz). To reduce vibration, pumps and fans are installed on elastic supports and vibration-isolating foundations; branch pipes are connected to pipelines and air channels using flexible connectors; peripheral speed of fans must be limited; foundations for compressors and compressor units are performed separately from the foundations of building walls and columns; timely repair of bearings and eliminate the runout of the equipment shafts.

From VNTP 03-86
28.1. On distribution refrigerators, the following types of communication and signaling should be provided: telephony, electric clock, radio and electrical alarm.
28.2. Telephone communications must comply with the design standards of the USSR Ministry of Communications. Telephone communication should be designed, as a rule, from a city exchange with the installation of direct city telephones.
It is allowed to install a private automatic telephone exchange (PBX) on the refrigerator only for intra-object communication without the right to access the city automatic telephone exchange (GATS).
28.3. The local telephone exchange should be located in the center of the telephone load of the refrigerator in a separate room of the administrative building. The area of ​​the room should be at least 18 m2 and at least 3.2 m high to the beam, with natural light.
28.4. Electric clocks should be provided in the administrative, office and other premises of the refrigerator by installing a secondary electric clock.
The primary electric clock must be installed in the telephone exchange room of the refrigerator.
28.5. Radio communication should cover the territory of the refrigerator, premises with a permanent stay of people (with the exception of refrigerated premises), as well as dressing rooms.
Loudspeakers with a power of 10 W should be connected directly to the city radio feeder line, and subscriber ones - through a step-down transformer. Switching on outdoor loudspeakers is possible only during a special period.
28.6. Alarm electrical signaling should include:
fire alarm (manual and automatic);
burglar alarms that block windows and doors of premises;
security alarm from low-temperature chambers (from 0 °C and below) of the refrigerator in case of closing a person in them.
28.7. Design solutions for fire alarms must comply with the requirements of "Fire Automation of Buildings and Structures".
Fire alarm power supply should be carried out from different sections of a two-transformer substation or from two nearby single-transformer substations connected to different supply lines, with an automatic transfer device on the low voltage side and a fire alarm concentrator installed in the room.
In the event that the power supply of the refrigerator is carried out through one supply line, and the second is a backup without an ATS device on the high side, dry batteries should be provided, the capacity of which should provide power to the fire alarm for at least 24 hours.
Automatic fire protection should be provided in accordance with the List of buildings and premises to be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing equipment and automatic fire alarms, approved by the USSR Ministry of Trade.
In the refrigerated chambers of the refrigerator with a temperature of +5 ° C and below, automatic fire alarm sensors are not required to be installed if the degree of fire resistance of the structures to be protected is not lower than the second.
28.8. Safety alarm detectors (person in the chamber) should be installed inside the refrigerated chambers at the exit doors on the right at a height of 0.5 m from the floor.
28.9. The security alarm is determined according to the List of enterprises, buildings and premises to be equipped with an automatic security alarm, approved by the USSR Ministry of Trade.
28.10. The alarm receiving station, as a rule, should be designed common for fire, burglar and security alarms and installed in the security room with round-the-clock duty of personnel.
Installation in the instrumentation room is allowed.
28.11. For telephony, electric clock and electrical alarm signaling, it is necessary to design a common integrated distribution cable network connected to the receiving station through a cross-local PBX.
The radio network should be laid separately from the complex distribution cable network to avoid interference.
28.12. The approximate number of urban and local telephones, radio points, as well as the capacity of the local telephone exchange is given in Table. 12.

Price: on request

The multi-channel alarm system "Man in the chamber" is made in accordance with the new rules for the safe operation of refrigeration units PB-09-220-98 (Chapter 7). The system ensures the safety of people working in cold rooms or other locked rooms by sending a light and / or sound signal to the control room, control room, entrance or other premises with permanently located personnel to notify of blocking a person or any other emergency.

Scope: equipment of lockable premises, social facilities, industrial enterprises and cold storage plants, enterprises of chemical and other industries.

Specifications

Characteristics	Values
Operating principle	remote parallel polling of signal buttons status
Alarm type	sound, light alarm
Alarm response time, s	no more than 5
Number of sensors, pcs.
Communication line "remote-sensor"	wired, 3 cores, up to 30 Ohm
Maximum distance between the information panel and the sensor, m
Working range of ambient temperature, ˚С:
Information panel
	-40 to +40
Power supply from a single-phase AC network, V / Hz
Power consumption, W, no more
Overall dimensions, mm:
information desk
sensor

Warranty service and repair within 3 years free of charge.

The supplied devices are completed with a package of necessary documentation: manufacturer's passport, operating instructions, connection diagram, verification protocol. Separate documents are not sent.

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Alarm Man in the cell. working draft

Working draft of the alarm system "Man in the cell"

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In accordance with SP 109.13330.2012 "Refrigerators", clause 5.29 b of refrigerator rooms, the project provides for a "Man in the cell" security alarm.

The signal output is provided for in the control room (room 26) with round-the-clock stay of personnel on the operator's console of the "ChK-10" type.

Work algorithm.

In the normal operation mode (panic buttons are inactive) - there are no signaling of the operator's address LEDs and sound signaling on the operator's console. The backlight of the alarm button of the USO operates continuously.

When the panic button is activated in the USO controller, a signal for turning on the actuator in the form of a light panel "Man in the camera" and an addressable alarm signal for turning on the light and sound alarms on the operator's console is generated.

If the connection between the USO and the console is not broken, then the backlight of the button starts flashing at a frequency of 0.5 Hz, and the signal LED of this USO on the operator's console will glow continuously. Sound alarm is activated.

In the absence of communication between the USO and the operator's console, a signal to turn on the CSO light panel is generated, but the button backlight flashing frequency becomes 2 Hz. The signal LED for this USO on the control panel induces a malfunction - it glows in a pulsed mode (2 times per second). There is no audible alarm.

When the panic button is pressed again, its backlight switches to continuous mode, the corresponding addressable signal LED on the operator's console and there is no sound signaling.

Safety instructions.

To ensure the safe operation of the system, all metal parts of electrical equipment that are not normally energized, but which may be under it, due to insulation failure, are subject to grounding.

Grounding must be performed in accordance with the "Electrical Installation Rules" (PUE), SNiP 3.05.06.85 "Electrical Devices", the requirements of POST 12.1.30-81 and the technical documentation of component manufacturers.

Protective ground resistance should be no more than 7 ohms.

Grounding sign and place Perform according to POST 21130-75.

When installing and adjusting the equipment, follow the rules and safety measures specified in the operational documentation of the equipment manufacturers, instructions for the installation of products included in the system, as well as the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001 Occupational safety in construction. Part 1 General requirements, SNiP 12-07-02 Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production, and intersectoral punched on labor protection (safety rules) in the operation of electrical installations