Traditions of the Russian people - a hut. Slavic house

A peasant hut made of logs has been considered a symbol of Russia from time immemorial. According to archaeologists, the first huts appeared in Russia 2 thousand years ago BC. For many centuries, the architecture of wooden peasant houses remained practically unchanged, combining everything that every family needed: a roof over their heads and a place where you can relax after a hard day's work.

In the 19th century, the most common plan of a Russian hut included a dwelling (hut), a canopy and a crate. The main room was a hut - a heated living space of a square or rectangular shape. A crate was used as a storage room, which was connected to the hut at the expense of a canopy. In turn, the canopy was a utility room. They were never heated, so they could only be used as living quarters in the summer. Among the poor strata of the population, a two-chamber layout of the hut, consisting of a hut and a vestibule, was common.

The ceilings in wooden houses were flat, they were often hemmed with painted hemp. The floors were made of oak bricks. The decoration of the walls was carried out with the help of red board, while in rich houses the decoration was supplemented with red leather (less wealthy people usually used matting). In the 17th century, ceilings, vaults and walls began to be decorated with paintings. Benches were placed around the walls under each window, which were securely fastened directly to the structure of the house itself. Approximately at the level of human height above the benches along the walls, long shelves made of wood, which were called crows, were equipped. On the shelves located along the room, they kept kitchen utensils, and on others - tools for men's work.

Initially, the windows in Russian huts were portage, that is, viewing windows that were cut in adjacent logs half a log up and down. They looked like a small horizontal slot and were sometimes decorated with carvings. They closed the opening (“clouded”) with the help of boards or fish bubbles, leaving a small hole (“peeper”) in the center of the valve.

After some time, the so-called red windows, with a frame, framed by jambs, became popular. They had a more complex design than portage ones, and were always decorated. The height of the red windows was at least three diameters of a log in a log house.

In poor houses, the windows were so small that when they were closed, the room became very dark. In rich houses, windows were closed from the outside with iron shutters, often using pieces of mica instead of glass. From these pieces it was possible to create various ornaments, painting them with images of grass, birds, flowers, etc. with the help of paints.

Many Russians know about the Taoist art of organizing space and increasing the positive energy flows of Feng Shui. And often you can see that the construction of wooden houses is in accordance with the principles of Feng Shui. But this art does not quite correspond to our mentality, the traditions and beliefs of the ancient Slavs are much closer to us, the Russian people!

The Slavs knew that the family happiness and financial well-being of the owners of the house are closely related to how correctly the place was chosen for building the house. Until now, there is a set of rules "Spravny Dom", which reflects many aspects of choosing a place for a house and building it.

Seat selection rules

• You can not build on the site of a former cemetery or ashes.
• You can not start construction near the existing or destroyed chapels, churches, monasteries.
• You can’t build a house where the big road ran - happiness will “leave” the family.
• You can not build in the geopathogenic zone. It is easy to determine such a place - there are few shrubs and green spaces, the relief is very even, there are many different-sized stones on the surface of the earth. These are signs of a break in the earth's crust, the energy of such a site is not suitable for happiness and longevity. Ancient people noticed that the inhabitants of houses built in such inappropriate places suffer from headaches and insomnia, and abuse alcohol.
• When choosing a place for building a wooden house, they chose beautiful natural landscapes, areas near water bodies and forests.
• By vegetation, you can also determine a good place or a bad one. The presence of conifers, mountain ash and maple was considered a good sign, but oaks, ash, willow, willow and aspen grow where groundwater flows close. This is unfavorable for the foundation, leading to big problems during the construction and operation of the house.
• Trees with "clumsy" trunks are also bad. Such flaws indicate infertile soil.

Rules for building a house from the ancient Slavs

• It was advised to begin the construction of the hut on the new moon and in early spring (during Lent). In this case, you can achieve good luck in all matters, and not just in construction. The construction time was supposed to "capture" the Trinity.
• If you start construction on a day that is dedicated "by Christmas" to the Great Martyr, then it will be very difficult to complete the construction. But the days that are dedicated to the Reverends are very favorable for the start of any major business.
• In addition to the holidays "at Christmas time", the days of the week in the usual calendar are also important - it was recommended to do the "start" on Tuesday and Thursday - these are the days of the traditional "men's work".

• It is necessary to start laying the furnace on the new moon (such constructions will give off heat better). On the waning moon, it was forbidden to start such an important business - such a furnace would be short-lived or very cold.
• The first crowns of the hut were laid along, and only then across. This promised deliverance from many of life's difficulties.
• They tried to have the "beginning" of the construction laid by the girl - then the house would be very warm.
• It was forbidden to put up pillars with a butt top - happiness can leave forever from such a house.
• During the first laying, they put in the front corner: a coin (for financial well-being), wool from a well-fed sheep (for warmth) and a piece of incense (to pacify the brownie).
• The floors were laid strictly towards the threshold, along the walls of the house, the other direction of the floor boards “threatened” with the absence of a happy life.
• Until the moment when the crown crown was laid, the masters did not leave the workplace, it was impossible to insert an ax into a tree or hit the wood with an ax butt.
• "Stowing" - it was an unbreakable custom: after laying the two lower crowns, the owner gave the masters a shot of vodka.
• The house was never oriented with window openings, doors or an entrance gate to the north.
• When laying the foundation for a log house, signs advised planting a mountain ash in the yard, and after erecting an overhead crown (so that the walls were strong), planting an oak seedling.

Notes before moving in

In ancient times, the construction of wooden houses was associated with a large number of signs, there were many superstitions about this. Believe it or not folk wisdom, it's up to you, but it's worth noting that every sign has been tested for centuries and many of them confirmed their "right to life"!

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Our Ancestors - the Slavs had their own art of home improvement, which has evolved over thousands of years and is in tune with our ancestral Spirit. In the ancient Slavic Volkhov art "VoyYarg" there was a whole section devoted to the arrangement and furnishing of the house, which was called "Okay House" or "House-amulet".
If we turn to the worldview of our Ancestors, we will see that the entire universe for them was built according to the principle of similarity, where the small - Yar, reflects the great - Yarg. So the house was a likeness of the Universe, a kind of universe created by the owner and connecting it with the outside world. But in order for the house to become a likeness of the living Universe, it is necessary to fill it with the Life Force - the Vein. To do this, it was necessary to comply with a number of conditions, the first of which was the choice of the right place for future housing.

There are strong, neutral and dead places. Housing cannot be built on the latter, such places include cemeteries, places next to existing temples and shrines, or places where temples and shrines stood and were destroyed. Steep bends of rivers, places where the road used to pass - it was believed that happiness and wealth would not linger in such a place in the house. A strong place is rich in underground springs, trees and shrubs grow even and tall on it.

There was also a special ceremony to help determine whether the place was chosen for building a house.

Okay house

The location of the house was also important, it was consistent with the cardinal points and, accordingly, with the so-called. geomagnetic network or, in the old way - Navi Lines. The house itself was built in the traditional span system of measures, which was tied to the human body. So, it was initially sweet with its owner, it was created exclusively for him. And a person in such a house felt free and comfortable. The internal layout of the house was consistent with the Kolovrats generated by the elemental Streams of Heaven and Earth. The outer decoration of the house was framed with protective patterns in order to attract positive elemental Streams into the house and eliminate the influence of the bad Streams. In the rooms of the house were placed special Items of Power, dedicated to the patron gods of these parts of the house.

During the construction of the house, a mortgage was laid under its foundation - special amulets with rune symbols and conspiracies that were supposed to attract, attract Zhilo to the house. The same amulets and signs were placed or drawn on the floor under the top covering, laid in corners, under baseboards and under the jambs of doors and windows.

The house itself was arranged according to a certain principle, and each part of it was interconnected with the Gods. Horizontally, the house was divided by the Perun Cross into four sectors, correlated with the four Gods - the organizers of the house space. Moreover, each of these sectors could also be divided according to the principle of nested spaces. Vertically, the house repeated the three-part structure of the world: the lower part - the foundation and the underground or cellar - Nav, the past, the foundation; the middle part - residential - Yav, the place where the life of the household passes; attic and roof - vault of heaven, Rule - the abode of higher Forces. Heavenly Streams go through the roof into the house, which is why in the old days the roof of any house was with slopes, so that the Force flowing from Heaven would not stagnate and create unnecessary tension, but would wash the house like rain. The gable roof was usually located in the east-west direction, and horse heads were carved on the skates, symbolizing the chariot or boat of Dazhbog-Sun, in which he sails across the Sky.
The southern side of the house was considered the strongest, the side in which the Strib (element) of the earth dominated the earthly Kolovrat of the elements, and the Strib of solar fire dominated the heavenly Kolovrat. It was on the south side, along which the Sun walks, that the facade was located - the face of the house. This side usually had the most windows.

House of the Slavs

The south side of the house also had a living room and a kitchen, since the south side is the side of fertility, goodness and health. Moreover, the living room merges with the eastern side, because the eastern side carries Streams of wandering, nomadic - just to welcome guests. The living room was patronized by Belobog - the organizer of manifest life and Striver - the owner of space, the Father of the winds. Therefore, all important family matters were decided in the living room, family councils were held, and guests who came to the house were welcomed here. The kitchen was connected with the western side, because the west carries the Streams of material wealth and stability. The kitchen is under the control of Chislobog - the keeper of time, numbers and the Deity of counting and calculations and Makosh - the heavenly spinner, the patroness of women. The space of the kitchen from the stove to the southern wall was called the women's kut - here the woman was a full-fledged hostess. In the kitchen there is also one of the most significant Places of Power at home - the stove. According to ancient Slavic legends, the first thing that the heavenly blacksmith Svarog bungled was the oven. And his first words were: "Let there be fire in this hearth!" And the light, already from the fire, appeared by itself. The first stove-maker was God Svarog, that's why all the Stove Masters are Svarog brothers. The stove is the gate to Nav - the ancient world of mankind. Behind each furnace lives the God of the beginning, our First Ancestor. He still lives there, only people have forgotten about it, whoever is friends with the stove can see Him. He usually appears in flames in the form of a Fireman. The female womb is arranged in the image of the furnace, inside which Svarog placed the Life-giving fire. You put raw material into it, and you get it ready-made, with Spirit and Soul. The oven brings death into life, from the past into the future. Hearth in the house - life in the house. A house without a hearth is not a house at all, even in a temporary house there is a hearth. In modern apartments in the kitchens there are gas, electric, but stoves. Fire can have any nature. Any stove is a child of that Divine First Furnace. Any fire by which you warm yourself and on which you cook food turns the house into a temple. You need to treat the hearth with understanding, according to all the rules: keep it clean, as you keep your body clean, wipe it every day. If you ask the oven well, it will save the house from all evil spirits, and drive away the disease, and all sorrow. In the furnace you can burn your sadness, drive away any trouble. And you can tell bad dreams to the stove fire, bad forebodings. The oven is almost like God, omnipotent! Prabog lives in a world called Nav, the Nav's live there - the Souls of the Ancestors, and we will go there after death. From there, new Souls come into the world. The stove is an image of Mother Earth. At the stove they pray for future children and bake the premature and sick. In the furnace, wild fire turns into manual fire and serves a person.

From the west, the south side was usually adjoined by an entrance hall or veranda. Moreover, the entrance to the house should be on the western side, so that the Streams of prosperity and stability flow into the house. The hallway and the entrance are under the control of Perun - he rules the streams flowing into the house. And standing guard over the boundary, separating the space of the house from the alien world of the backyard, he rules over the course of Lived in the house. From the outside, a horseshoe is usually hung on the porch above the front door, which must have been under the horse and found on its own. To attract happiness and prosperity, they hang it upside down, this is how it also symbolizes a full bowl in the house. But on the inside, needles or a knife are usually stuck under the casing in order to interrupt the flow of bad streams and discourage those going into the house with bad intentions. The architraves themselves above the front door and the pediment of the porch are decorated with carved signs of Perun - Hailstones.
On the western side of the house, all material assets should be located, whether it be money, jewelry or pantries with food supplies. Then prosperity and well-being will continuously dominate in the house. In the West, it is also necessary to equip a business place, then any business will bring tangible material results.

These are just some of the principles of arranging the Okay House by our Ancestors, which can be a talisman and a real family nest for those who inhabit it. The Slavic knowledge of home improvement itself is very extensive, and includes, among other things, information about the creation of home amulets that drive away misfortunes and ailments, and attract blessings, ancient rites that call the Power and Grace of the Gods and Elements into the house. And much more.

And even if you do not live in your own house, but in an apartment of a high-rise building, then using the wisdom of our Ancestors, you can turn it from a gray typical cold crypt into a native corner that warms the Soul and heart.
On the image:
Perunov - the cross is one of the variants of the protective sign laid in the house.

Chariot or boat of Dazhbog. Ornament of northern - Russian embroidery.
Gradina - a sign of Perun, carved above the front door.

The Russian hut has always been fine, solid and original. Its architecture testifies to the fidelity to centuries-old traditions, their durability and uniqueness. Its layout, design and interior decoration have been created over the years. Not many traditional Russian houses have survived to this day, but they can still be found in some regions.

Initially, huts in Russia were built of wood, partially deepening their foundation underground. This provided greater reliability and durability of the structure. Most often, it had only one room, which the owners divided into several separate parts. An obligatory part of the Russian hut was the stove corner, to separate which a curtain was used. In addition, there were separate zones for men and women. All corners in the house were lined up in accordance with the cardinal points, and the most important among them was the eastern (red), where the family organized the iconostasis. It was the icons that the guests should have paid attention to immediately after entering the hut.

Russian hut porch

The architecture of the porch has always been carefully thought out, the owners of the house devoted a lot of time to it. It combined excellent artistic taste, centuries-old traditions and the ingenuity of architects. It was the porch that connected the hut with the street and was open to all guests or passers-by. Interestingly, the whole family, as well as neighbors, often gathered on the porch in the evenings after hard work. Here guests and owners of the house danced, sang songs, and children ran and frolicked.

In different regions of Russia, the shape and size of the porch were radically different. So, in the north of the country, it was quite high and large, and the southern facade of the house was chosen for installation. Thanks to this asymmetric placement and the unique architecture of the facade, the whole house looked very peculiar and beautiful. It was also quite common to find porches placed on poles and decorated with openwork wooden posts. They were a real decoration of the house, making its facade even more serious and solid.

In the south of Russia, the porch was installed from the front of the house, attracting the attention of passers-by and neighbors with openwork carvings. They could be both on two steps, and with a whole staircase. Some home owners decorated their porch with a canopy, while others left it open.

canopy

In order to keep the maximum amount of heat from the stove in the house, the owners separated the living area from the street. The canopy is exactly the space that the guests immediately saw at the entrance to the hut. In addition to keeping warm, the canopy was also used to store the yoke and other necessary things, it was here that many people made closets for food.

To separate the hallway and the heated living area, a high threshold was also made. It was made to prevent the penetration of cold into the house. In addition, according to centuries-old traditions, each guest had to bow at the entrance to the hut, and it was impossible to go inside without bowing before the high threshold. Otherwise, the guest just hit the bare bare.

Russian oven

The life of the Russian hut revolved around the stove. It served as a place for cooking, relaxing, heating and even bathing procedures. Steps led upstairs, there were niches in the walls for various utensils. The furnace has always been with iron barriers. The device of the Russian stove - the heart of any hut - is surprisingly functional.

The stove in traditional Russian huts was always located in the main zone, to the right or left of the entrance. It was she who was considered the main element of the house, since they cooked food on the stove, slept, she warmed the whole house. It has been proven that food cooked in the oven is the healthiest, as it retains all the beneficial vitamins.

Since ancient times, many beliefs have been associated with the stove. Our ancestors believed that it was on the stove that the brownie lives. Garbage was never taken out of the hut, but burned in an oven. People believed that in this way all the energy remains in the house, which helps to increase the wealth of the family. Interestingly, in some regions of Russia, they steamed and washed in the oven, and also used it to treat serious diseases. The doctors of that time claimed that the disease can be cured simply by lying on the stove for several hours.

Furnace corner

It was also called the "woman's corner", since all the kitchen utensils were located exactly to make it. It was separated by a curtain or even a wooden partition. The men from their family almost never came here. A huge insult to the owners of the house was the arrival of a strange man behind a curtain in the stove corner.

Here, women washed and dried things, cooked food, treated children and told fortunes. Almost every woman was engaged in needlework, and the stove corner was the most calm and convenient place for this. Embroidery, sewing, painting - these are the most popular types of needlework for girls and women of that time.

Benches in the hut

In the Russian hut there were movable and fixed benches, and already from the 19th century chairs began to appear. Along the walls of the house, the owners installed fixed benches, which were fastened with supplies or legs with carved elements. The base could be flat or tapered towards the middle, and its decor often included carved patterns and traditional ornaments.

There were also mobile shops in each house. Such benches had four legs or were installed on blank boards. The backs were often made so that they could be thrown to the opposite edge of the bench, and carved decor was used for decoration. The bench was always made longer than the table, and was also often covered with thick cloth.

Male corner (Konik)

It was to the right of the entrance. There was always a wide shop here, which was fenced on both sides with wooden boards. They were carved in the shape of a horse's head, so the male corner is often called "konik". Under the bench, the men kept their tools intended for repairs and other men's work. In this corner, men repaired shoes and utensils, as well as wove baskets and other wickerwork.

All the guests who came to the owners of the house for a short time sat down on a bench in the men's corner. It was here that the man slept and rested.

Women's Corner (Wednesday)

This was an important space in the fate of women, because it was from behind the stove curtain that the girl came out during the bride in elegant attire, and also waited for the groom on the wedding day. Here, women gave birth to children and fed them away from prying eyes, hiding behind a curtain.

Also, it was in the women's corner of the house of the guy she liked that the girl had to hide the overcast in order to get married soon. They believed that such a wrap would help the daughter-in-law to make friends with the mother-in-law and become a good housewife in the new house.

red corner

This is the brightest and most important corner, since it was he who was considered a sacred place in the house. According to tradition, during construction, he was given a place on the eastern side, where two adjacent windows form an angle, so the light falls, making the corner the brightest place in the hut. Icons and embroidered towels hung here, as well as faces of ancestors in some huts. Be sure to put a large table in the red corner and eat. Freshly baked bread was always kept under icons and towels.

To this day, some traditions associated with the table are known. So, it is not advisable for young people to sit on the corner in order to create a family in the future. It is bad luck to leave dirty dishes on the table or sit on it.

Our ancestors kept cereals, flour and other products in senniks. Thanks to this, the hostess could always quickly prepare food from fresh ingredients. In addition, additional buildings were provided: a cellar for storing vegetables and fruits in winter, a barn for cattle and separate facilities for hay.

KNOW YOUR MEASUREMENT. Northern house building tradition

Interview with the master of wooden architecture Igor Tyulenev, who creates houses according to the principles of the old foundations of house building and sazhen proportioning. The interview was conducted specifically for the readers of the Pashkovka newspaper.

“The foundations of our Russian, Northern Tradition found a deep response in my heart,” says Igor Tyulenev. – Gradually I learned to perceive and understand and pass on the traditions of house building. And I continue to study. In Russia, an osmerik or a shesterik was placed everywhere (a house with eight or six (like a honeycomb in a bee hive) corners). And this is directly related to the harmony of the ascending and descending streams of power: The Earthly and Heavenly Yaris are alive (as it is now fashionable to call these streams - Yin and Yang, and the Ancestors called them - the nature of the Father and Mother, male and female energy) with their flow in a spiral. Towers and huts were mostly round in shape. Everything in house building has a certain importance, and the form is no exception.

For example, try, without changing the shape of the vessel or product, to fill a bottle of mineral water with ripe apples. Nothing will come of it, either you have to break the bottle, or finely chop the apples. A basket is better for storing apples, they will breathe easily in it, and, accordingly, they will be well stored, but it would never occur to anyone to store fresh honey or ripe kvass in a wicker basket. That is, everything needs a proper container.

Life is Force, and the form is activated by that Force, and the house is filling. For example, a "gasoline" car will not run on diesel fuel. Thus, the form may or may not be able to contain and perceive this or that energy, force. The well-known expression: “a house is a full bowl”, is now perceived as a house full of all kinds of “good” - things, furniture, but initially no one put such a meaning into this expression-wish. “A house is a full bowl” is a house filled to the brim with harmoniously intertwined flows of Earthly and Heavenly forces, which need a certain form for this, here the place of setting up the house is also of decisive importance.

I repeat, gradually, dwellings and other buildings took on a geometrically more “simple” shape, became square and rectangular. A right angle is formed at the intersection of the walls, but the Heavenly force tends to flow down and the Earthly one rises. The Force, like water in a river, does not flow at a right angle, and therefore in the corners of today's brick, stone and panel houses, "negative" constantly accumulates, there the current of the Force is disturbed, without movement it “fades out”, the river turns into a swamp. A permanent minus point is formed in the corner. Subsequently, in order to avoid this process in wooden, already square houses, walls began to be hewn, thus giving a rounding to the corners, and allowing the flows of Force to flow.

Why was wood preferred as a building material?

- The trunk of a tree is essentially a retinue (coil, spiral, and Vita - Life) structure of tubular systems, since the entire trunk from the butt to the top is pierced by bellies - channels through which, while the tree is growing, juice flows - from the roots up the trunk , and materialized sunlight from the leaves of the crown - also on the bellies, spreads throughout the tree. Depending on the purpose of the tree: to receive or give strength, its trunk acquired a left-handed or right-handed twist, the so-called swirl, in the process of growth, and because of this, the felled log became “right” or “left”.

Huts used to be cut down, combining these logs proportionally, or consciously giving the structure certain qualities, laying mainly right-handed or left-handed logs into the log house. Thanks to the method of stacking a log in a log house (butt - top), a continuous current of Zhiva and Yari was achieved in a spiral. In cups (places of cuts) the poles of energy change, a phase transition takes place by 90 degrees - plus to minus, the Force of the Father "becomes", is filled with the Force of the Mother, and vice versa. But this happens only if the core, the core of the tree, is not damaged. Therefore, earlier at home they chopped into okhrjap - into the lower bowl. Today, experts criticize this method of logging, saying that moisture accumulates in the lower bowl, and the tree in the log house is more prone to decay, and they offer log cabins chopped into a hook - into the upper bowl. At the same time, they avoid making locks - fat tails, not realizing that the core of the tree broken in the log house in this case is a disservice to the residents of such houses.

The roof closes the entire contour of the house. And here the angle of the roof already matters, or rather the corners, since there are many options for them in the canon of housing construction. A house was erected with one corner of the roof, and a barn with another ... Now few people think about this, approaching this issue from the concepts of aesthetics, or the possibility of material, nothing more. The house is designed to accommodate Life with certain qualities. Thus, it is necessary to take into account the place of setting (they heard the expression “the house must be placed on a stone”, this is because the current of force crosses differently). Do not build houses on sand, not only because it can collapse, but also because sand is not a conductor, there will be no power in such a house.

It is also necessary to take into account the shape of the house, and the angle of the roof, as well as the material from which the house is built, and then the house can be given any properties - a Healing House, a Ritual House, a Residential House. All buildings and houses must have one hundred percent compliance with Form and Content.

By the way, the stove in the house, as its engine, must necessarily rely on the load-bearing beams of the floor, and not on an independent foundation - as is often the case now. Depending on how the stove stands in the house in relation to the entrance, to the right or to the left of it, the stove can be Straight and Unspun, respectively. So in your house, everything is either “rushing”, going well, or not very ... About the magic of the Russian stove, one can and should speak separately, its ability to give birth to bread, warm the house and keep the Fire of the hearth, in itself is priceless.

How were houses built in the old days?

- In the old days, houses were built by the whole Relatives, and often by the whole world, such a term was - help, everyone gathered and built together. The ovens were adobe, and only immaculate girls and boys were invited to “beat” the oven, what strength they put into the oven! “In your own home, even the walls help” - so they say. Since we are talking about the house as a concept, about the essence of its purpose, so to speak, I can say more simply: the House is a place of Power that you create artificially. Home is a tool of evolution given by Rod. Your home, a universal tool with which you can do everything! This house has now been built, but we do not know how to interact with it. I mean with the house itself, with its space.

Of course, in order for the house to truly become yours, you must build it yourself, or at least take the maximum part in its construction. It is necessary to structure it for yourself, in the process of birth at home, water it, where it is salty with your sweat, and, maybe, where you get hurt with a little blood, the more valuable it will become for you, the more you put your strength into it, into your home. Previously, at least three generations of relatives Father, Mother, Grandfather and Grandmother and children lived in one hut. Knowledge was transferred naturally. There was a continuity in the transfer of knowledge, from grandfather and father to grandson and son.

- I heard that there used to be the concept of "Construction sacrifice"?

- Yes it is. Before a tree was cut down, gifts were brought to each tree and each tree was directly asked for permission to cut down. Promising him the continuation of existence in a new form, in the form of a Dwelling. And if the tree gave such permission, then it experienced a state of supreme joy. As a result of the action of such a higher emotion, the entire molecular structure of wood changed, and now it was friendly to humans. In the new incarnation - a new measure, this expression is equal to all. A tree cut down in such a state will imprint it forever in its body, and a house built from such a log will constantly share this state of joy with its residents. And also will protect them from all misfortunes.

Now almost no one does this. But what I want to say: the attitude of a person himself to the house, to Life can change everything down to the atomic level. It is very important what you have inside, with what mood you live and act. Even a house built of railway sleepers soaked in creosote can become a source of positive power if a bright person full of the Joy of Life lives in it...

House, Family Homestead as an artifact.

The estate is not only a hedge, a garden, a kitchen garden, a forest, a clearing, a pond, but also various buildings - a house, a pantry, a shed, a bathhouse, a gazebo.

Nature and man himself should be a model and measure for the structures created on the estate. Then all the buildings will be harmonious and beautiful, life will flow in them in the most favorable way for the psyche and health, and it will be possible to reveal and realize many of the abilities inherent in a person.

Today in architecture there are:

1. Estates and houses built according to living dimensions.

These houses are inherent in the properties of all living beings - they were created taking into account the golden ratio and the so-called wurf coefficients. Wurf is a three-member division of the human body (it will be discussed in more detail below). This includes houses created using the old Russian system of sazhens. This is how houses are built for a comfortable and pleasant life.

Basic fathoms in meters:

City police 2,848
Large 2,584
Great 2,440
Greek 2,304
Treasury 2,176
Pharaoh 2,091
Piletsky 2,055
Royal 1,974
Church 1,864
Folk 1,760
Chernyaeva 1,691
Egyptian 1,663
Masonry 1,597
Simple 1,508
Small 1,424
Lesser 1.345

All 16 fixed sazhens, according to which it is proposed to design structures, are calculated based on the size of historical buildings - cultural monuments. Fathoms increase in accordance with the coefficient of harmony of the musical series - 1.059.
I would like to emphasize that fathoms are a tool for creating volume, and not just a unit of length. From any size you can make a sazhen.

Harmonious dimensions give buildings and structures the following properties:

1. Beauty;
2. Durability;
3. Strength;
4. Excellent acoustics;
5. Health effect for people;
6. Harmonization of space.

Before the introduction of design by meters, not only houses, but also parks, cities were created according to sazhens, the name of one of the sazhens reminds us of this - the city.

The land in the estate was changed by tithes - 1 tithe - 109 acres. There are 2400 square fathoms in one tithe. 4,548 sq. m - square sazhen.

2.848x1.597=4.548 sq. m;
2.548x1.76 = 4.548 sq. m;
2.44x1.864=4.548 sq. m;
2.304x1.974=4.548 sq. m;
2.176x2.090=4.548 sq. m;
1.508x2x1.508=4.548 sq. m;

When creating a house according to sazhens, it is taken into account that in nature there are no identical figures - diversity pleases the eye, pacifies the psyche.

Amazing yields were also noted on the ridges, marked by sazhens.

Separately in the estate is the theme of creating a "living pond", i.e. such a reservoir, where the water is maximally self-purifying (does not overgrow), everything is favorable for the life of fish, crayfish and, at the request of the owners, for swimming. Of course, for the construction of a pond, it is first of all important to have a source of water (indicators of the source are green grass, willow, alder), a bed of clay, and the location of the banks along geodetic lines. And only then is the marking of the pond by fathoms.

The depth of the bottom should be different, and it is desirable that the reservoir be deeper in the north, shallower in the south. For convenience, it is possible to build 1 or 2 terraces deep into the pond with a width of about 0.5 m for planting aquatic plants, such as water lilies, reeds. It is desirable to stretch the banks of the pond in the direction of the wind. The combination of natural forms and geodesic lines is important. For example, a pond shaped like a shrimp or a snake will not self-clean if built on a plain. But this form is great for a reservoir at the foot of a mountain or in a ravine.

The paths in the estate do not have to be straight. The energy goes tortuously. A striking example is the streets of old Moscow. Standing at the beginning of such a street, you will not see its end - it is so crooked. It is necessary to follow nature, and there are no straight lines in it, especially parallel ones. Likewise with the ridges. It is better when long ridges are arranged in the form of a meander or snake.

2. Dead estates and houses.

These structures slow down natural processes, therefore, they are used to preserve inanimate products and bodies, like refrigerators, storehouses, crypts. Such houses are based on regular geometric shapes that are not found in nature - a square, a circle, an isosceles and an equilateral triangle. The exception here is a hexagon - a honeycomb, a regular geometric figure, but alive.

Land is measured in squares - square meter, square weave, square hectare.

Ponds are created in the form of regular geometric shapes, regardless of geodesic lines, cardinal points and wind direction.

The paths are straight, turns at clear angles.

3. Other facilities.

Not "living" and "dead" estates and houses. Such structures are created by amateurs or are intended for some unknown, space purposes. These include new building, city apartments. The topic has not been studied, you can write a dissertation ....

Used Books:

2. Seminar July 6-10 by Sepp Holzer at the Krameterhof.
3. Site sazheni.ru
4. Forum http://forum.anastasia.ru/topic_47351_90.html

Rationale for the use of fathoms

God has arranged the World, and in the Harmony of the World God's perfection is remotely reflected. God gave people reason and feelings capable of perceiving the Harmony of the World. Moreover, Harmony is inherent in the Man himself. And Man can not only perceive, but also reproduce the Harmony of the World in his works.

Harmony is measurable. One of the measures of Harmony is a human measure - a sazhen. Creating something by sazhens, Man gives Beauty and Harmony to his works. As much as it is organic for a Human to live in the nature created by God, so it is natural for a Human to live and use the creations that reflect this Harmony.

It is natural for a person to live in a harmonious environment created by him. This so-called "cultural" environment. It is a secondary habitat artificially created by Man. However, this secondary nature must also comply with the laws of Harmony and be favorable for a person. Such a correspondence can be provided by a sazhen.

The uniqueness of the system of ancient Russian sazhens lies in the fact that “fundamentally there is no single standard measuring unit for sazhens, and the measurement system itself is not Euclidean.

For many centuries, the lack of a single standard did not interfere, and moreover, it contributed to the construction of magnificent structures that were aesthetically proportional to nature, also because in ancient Russian architecture all articulations were three-part, notes A. F. Chernyaev in the book Golden Fathoms of Ancient Russia .

For example, fingers, toes, hands (shoulder-forearm-hand), legs (thigh, lower leg, foot), etc. - have a three-membered structure. Moreover, a two-term limb did not exist in nature.

The ratio of 3 lengths make up a proportion called wurf. Wurf values ​​for the human body vary, averaging 1.31.

Moreover, the coefficient of the golden section squared, divided by two, is equal to the wurf. (1.618x1.618): 2=1.31.

At present, most architects in Russia have undeservedly forgotten the method of designing by sazhens and use the metric system.

Consider the history of the meter. Meter was first introduced in France in the 18th century and originally had two competing definitions:

As the length of a pendulum with a half-period of swing at a latitude of 45° equal to 1 s (in modern units, this length is m).

As one forty-millionth part of the Paris meridian (that is, one ten-millionth part of the distance from the north pole to the equator along the surface of the earth's ellipsoid at the longitude of Paris).

The modern definition of the meter in terms of time and the speed of light was introduced in 1983:

A meter is the length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum in (1/299,792,458) seconds.

It turns out that the meter is an artificially derived unit of measurement that is not directly related, and, accordingly, does not reflect the Harmony of the World and Man. A meter is a standard that forms a line. Fathoms are a natural measure for Man. They form a three-part (3 is a sacred number) system, according to which the area and volume are harmoniously formed.

Peter the Great, as D.S. Merezhkovsky, in his work "Antichrist", abolished the natural measures: a fathom, a finger, an elbow, an inch, which were present in clothes, utensils and architecture, making them fixed in the Western manner. It is not just that the meter was introduced in France and Russia during the revolutions. The destroyers knew why it was necessary to forget the wisdom and traditions of the ancestors, to destroy the roots...

Ancient people felt Harmony intuitively, without thinking about measurements. But the connection with God was weakening, and therefore rigidly fixed sizes of sazhens arose, rules for building various structures according to sazhens appeared.

Our ancestors carefully preserved and passed on the age-old wisdom and beauty, embodying them in the temples of Ancient Russia. Life in estates and houses built according to sazhens allowed not to lose the feeling of the Harmony of the World, reminded Man of God.

Now we visit estates miraculously preserved after collectivization and urbanization. For example, in Moscow, near Red Square, the family estate of the Romanovs, where now only the house-museum remains, “The House of the Romanov Boyars”. The house-museum and part of the estate of the artist Vasnetsov in the former Troitsky Lane near the Sukharevskoye metro station have been preserved.

On Novy Arbat, a piece of the estate and the family home of the Lermontovs are hidden behind skyscrapers. Everyone knows Boldino - the family estate of the great Russian poet Pushkin. A charming corner is the estate of the artist Polenov in Tarusa, a museum run by his descendants.

The family estate of the “father of Russian aviation”, the memorial house-museum and the estate of Zhukovsky are located in the village of Orekhovo, which is 30 km from Vladimir, on the Vladimir-Alexandrov highway. And there are many such examples.

The revival of the ancient traditions of creating estates and estates will undoubtedly serve the socio-economic upsurge and improvement of life in the country, the development of the spiritual, creative forces and abilities of the new landowners.

Used Books:

1. A.F. Chernyaev "Golden fathoms of Ancient Russia".
2. Forum http://forum.anastasia.ru/topic_47351_90.html
3. Wikipedia.

Variety of fathoms

Consider various options for using fathoms in the design of a residential building. Common to all methods: when building a house according to sazhens, the external dimensions of the house should have different sizes along 3 coordinate axes, and only an even number of sazhens is set aside. Similarly, the space inside the house is planned, only an even number of half-sazhens, elbows, spans, metacarpuses or vershoks is taken.

Details such as windows and doors rounded at the top, a high roof, different terraces and porches, asymmetric elements and parts of the house make it original and memorable. A separate topic is the decoration of the house with carvings, the so-called "patterning". This is a whole language of various figures, telling about the family living in the house. The furniture is made in accordance with the size of the house and the owners. The color of the decoration complements the interior space of the house: curtains, carpets, paintings.

Design for 16 fixed fathoms

An even number of fathoms is plotted along the 3 axes, which must be different and not be next to each other in the list.

1. Piletsky 2.055
2. Egyptian 1,663
3. Lesser 1.345
4. Treasury 2.176
5. Folk 1,760
6. Small 1.424
7. Greek 2,304
8. Church 1,864
9. Simple 1,508
10. Great 2,440
11. Royal 1,974
12. Masonry 1,597
13. Large 2,584
14. Pharaoh 2,091
15. Chernyaeva 1,691
16. Policeman 2,848

So, the external dimensions of the house can be as follows: length - 6 church fathoms, height - 4 royal fathoms, width - 4 people's fathoms. If the house is round or polygonal, then the outer diameter is equal to an even number of fathoms, for example, 4 masonry fathoms.

Fathoms according to the golden proportions of the owner.

It is proposed to take five consecutive numbers of the golden ratio 0.382/0.618/1/1.618/2.618. These coefficients must be multiplied by the growth of the owner - as a result, a number of fathoms is obtained, proportional to its growth. For example, with a height of 1.764 m, the scale will be as follows: 0.674 / 1.090 / 1.764 / 2.854 / 4.618 m. The indicated row is successively multiplied by 2, 4, 8, 16 ... - a table is formed, according to which the sizes of individual fathoms are determined. The fathoms calculated by this method are divided into 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 ... parts, respectively. As a result, we get independent units: half a sazhen, elbows, spans, metacarpuses, vershoks.

Types of "human" fathoms.

The most famous "human" fathoms:

- flywheel. This is the length of outstretched arms;

- growth. Just the height of a man;

- oblique. The height of a person with his arm raised up.

According to the indicated sazhens, a house is designed, taking into account the size of the owner and hostess. The external dimensions of the house are calculated according to the size of the owner, and the internal dimensions are calculated according to the size of the hostess. There is a certain meaning hidden here: such a correspondence is intended to reflect the relationship between the roles of men and women in the family.

In conclusion, it should be noted that regardless of the units of length (the distance can be measured in feet, meters or parrots), when designing according to fathoms, we create a “live”, harmonious space for a Person for Love, creativity and relaxation.

Used Books:

1. A. F. Chernyaev “Golden fathoms of Ancient Russia”.

Review of the hostess of the house, built according to the system of ancient Russian sazhens, about her house

My house is really built according to Russian sazhens. But only outside. Inside - how it happened. It is comfortable to live in it, we don’t want to leave it - we perceive it as a living being, very friendly and cheerful.

Whether the reason for this sazhen, or the fact that it was built with love by our like-minded person, a very clean and kind person with extensive construction experience, is hard to say.

Most often I hear such words about my house: “what a nice one you have!”. It seems small, but it seems - not very, moderately high, moderately - wide, so strong - in a word - okay. But in this, I think, the merit of fathoms.

He is pleasing to the eye with his proportions, well, smart, of course (after all, we love him - so we dressed him up). Guests, entering for a moment, do not leave for hours - they just sit on the steps or the terrace. This is especially noticeable in children, the mother of the baby will lower the baby to the ground to go home, and he again climbs the stairs to the house - and he is so happy.

Six months after the construction of the house, I attended Chernyaev's seminar in Lipetsk. There I learned an important thing that everyone should take into account when building a house, even if the construction is not in sazhens.

The height of the ceiling in a house with stove heating should be as high as possible - superheated air rises and hangs from the ceiling. If the ceilings are 3 meters (Chernyaev says 3.20 is better), then everything is fine. If it is lower, then our head is always in the discomfort zone.

Indeed, during the heating season, my son could not sleep on top of a bunk bed (our ceiling height is 2.5 meters) - it is very hot and stuffy up there.

I am for the fact that the houses of the settlers were solid, beautiful and well-ordered. The extra costs of “beauty” pay off a hundredfold - how many times my eye catches my eye.