Thin layer plastering. How to plaster insulation, selection of composition, its characteristics

SPECIFICATIONS

Color Gray

Layer thickness 3 – 30 mm


Vitality, minutes 120




Grade strength 10 MPa
Shelf life, month 12
Packing, kg 40
Regulatory document GOST 31357-2007

"> FACADE REINFORCED PLASTER Perfekta® “THIN-LAYER” is designed for high-quality thin-layer leveling of walls inside and outside buildings. It can be used for preliminary leveling of ceilings, for sealing cracks, potholes and depressions. Also used as a "covering" .

REINFORCED FACADE PLASTER Perfekta® “THIN-LAYER” is used for subsequent finishing: finishing puttying, finishing with decorative plasters, tiling or painting.

REINFORCED FACADE PLASTER Perfekta® “THIN-LAYER” is used for finishing facades, plinths, basements and rooms with any degree of humidity, is applied and leveled, has increased crack resistance and provides reliable protection of facades from atmospheric influences. For manual and machine application.

Bases: concrete, cement-lime and cement-sand bases, aerated concrete and foam concrete, brick and stone masonry.

SPECIFICATIONS

Color Gray
Maximum filler fraction 0.315 mm
Layer thickness 3 – 30 mm
Adhesion strength, not less than 0.5 MPa
Consumption at a layer thickness of 10 mm 13 kg/m2
Vitality, minutes 120
Frost resistance, not less than 50 cycles
Mobility grade Pk3
The amount of water per 25 kg of mixture 4.5 - 5.5 l
Vapor permeability coefficient 0.1 mg/m h Pa
Grade strength 10 MPa
Shelf life, month 12
Packing, kg 40
Regulatory document GOST 31357-2007

The correct choice of plaster for the facade and careful application depends on how long the coating will perform its tasks, protecting the house from the negative effects of dirt and strong solar radiation. Exterior thin-layer plasters are popular among home builders. From year to year, manufacturers offer an increasing range of products ranging from acrylic, silicate and silicone plasters to hybrid ones.

Thin-layer plasters in our assortment are:

However, the product itself, even of the best quality, is not all. Skills, knowledge and experience are also important, because sometimes one simple mistake can cause the protective layer to crack or fall off, and stains, efflorescence or fungi will appear on the facade.

Entrust the work to professionals. However, before hiring a construction team, it is helpful to have at least a basic knowledge of thin layer plasters.

Before the plastering work begins on the construction site, let's see what mistakes can be avoided.

Wrong choice of plaster

Despite the offer of all types of plasters, they differ in properties and purpose. If the house insulation system was made on the basis of expanded polystyrene, then we can use various plasters - acrylic or silicone. In the case when the insulation was made using mineral wool, the use of silicate plaster is recommended, they have the best parameters for removing moisture from the insulation. For houses near forests, parks, ponds, silicate or silicate-silicone plaster is recommended. If the house is located in areas with polluted air, you need to choose silicone plasters with a self-cleaning effect, that is, the removal of contaminants such as dust and rainwater.

Incorrect preparation of the base

The base must first of all be dry and free from damage, and also free from grooves and bulges. In addition, it can be reinforced with soil that limits absorption. This facilitates further work when applying the plaster, and also guarantees excellent adhesion.

Insufficient amount of mortar for plastering.
The plasters supplied by the manufacturer are practically ready-to-use products and no chemicals need to be added. It is only allowed to adjust the density of the mass by adding clean water in the amount recommended by the manufacturer. The finished mass must be mixed with mixers.

Working in adverse weather conditions

Low temperature and high humidity, as well as heat and the scorching sun, do not contribute to the setting of the plaster. It is also a serious mistake to apply plaster when the air temperature is suitable, but the base itself is below freezing, for example after a spring night with heavy frosts. Also, in the case of summer heat, you need to abandon the application of plaster. In the event of precipitation, water can wash out the binder and pigment from the plaster mass, which will certainly affect the durability and aesthetics.

Therefore, plastering work is best done in spring or autumn, when the air temperature is between 5 and 25°C. An alternative is to process the facade in the morning or in the evening, then the sun's rays do not fall on the surface of the walls. In difficult conditions (precipitation and solar radiation), remember to use protective nets on scaffolding.

Interruption of work during plastering work

If the construction work is stopped while the plaster is being applied, then clear and irregular boundaries between the individual stages of work will be visible on the finished facade. Therefore, plastering should be carried out continuously. In addition, all workers must apply the same working method, tool and grout direction.

Tell friends:

Asking the question - do-it-yourself decorative wall decoration, anything can come to mind, starting from artistic painting (unfortunately, not everyone can do this, since this requires at least an art education, although there are other options, but about this later), ending with real paintings of Venetian plaster. In this article, we will consider the following options: stencils and the use of decorative plaster for decoration ...

Technologies are constantly improving, supplementing and changing. This also applies to thin-layer plaster. Today it is placed immediately on the walls, leveling the layers, with a ball of 10 mm. This type of work is carried out simultaneously with the laying of small-block, brick walls. This is a thin grout applied to the surface of the walls during the construction process.

The technology of applying thin-layer plaster

The layman has a question: is it possible to do so right away? But what about the installation of beacons and special equipment? Moreover, the plaster has been applied for more than a year and its technology has been worked out for a long time. It is applied only when the height deviation is a maximum of 1:100 for the internal walls of the building. The width and length has a limit of 1:200.
Naturally, not only the accuracy of laying bricks is required, but also the quality of the coating. Bricklayers can do high quality work, but they are rare to find today. Well, let's talk about the benefits of thin-layer plaster.

Benefits of using thin-layer plaster

Today it is a rather profitable type of coating, because it has a greater productivity than any other plaster. The usual, familiar way of applying layers is calculated based on the rate of one worker. It is only 8 sq. m. The new method allows you to increase volumes up to 20 square meters. m.
Naturally, the speed is greater, but the quality remains at the same level. And the cost of a layer of plaster drops sharply by 2 times.

During the application of layers, you can save the solution. Using nozzles, you get less plaster mixture consumption. And it is 2 times less than it is customary in construction. In addition, this feature also reduces the price of plaster. The speed of drying layers of plaster attracts many specialists. After all, this allows you to complete the final work faster.

The thinness of the plaster layer does not affect the attractive appearance. Therefore, this technology is often used for exterior and interior wall decoration. According to the requirements, the air permeability of any walls where thin-layer plaster is used drops by 3 times.

The coating is not afraid of moisture, sunlight and temperature changes. It is not washed away by rain and snow. Shrinkage of fresh masonry cannot do much harm to a small, thin layer of material. After all, it adheres better to the material of the wall, quickly seizes in the air and hardens.

As a rule, construction takes place during the warm period. With the onset of cold weather, interior work begins. Not all materials allow themselves to be used during this period. However, this cannot be said about thin-layer plaster walls. Today, these works are carried out in all weather conditions: in winter and summer, in unclosed and open areas.
I know I know! Objections about temperatures below 0 ° C and the impossibility of using plaster are not accepted. After all, the solution does not cease to set in the cold. Even in ancient times, this method of plastering walls was considered fashionable. Therefore, craftsmen-specialists came up with such a moment: they began to introduce potash into the finished solution. This is potassium carbonate. It allows the mixture to take the form of a plastic mass. After thawing, the properties of the materials remain the same.

Thin-layer plaster is still better

An analysis of the existing methods of applying plaster showed the following: thin-layer plaster has more characteristics than the dry method of plastering walls. The process of applying layers is called the semi-wet process. In addition, the technology does not require constant heating. Although for dry plaster this is a severe necessity. After all, it dries at a temperature of at least 12-14 ° C.

Concrete blocks, bricks and cast-in-situ concrete are common materials for the construction of structures, buildings and mansions. A huge number of cottages and residential buildings are being built. And thin-layer plaster in connection with this becomes fashionable and popular again. Its huge minus is the accuracy of masonry. However, today it is easily solved. The blocks are the same size, so it's hard to miss.

All modern builders dream of speeding up the delivery of houses. They are not particularly interested in the quality of their work. However, not all customers are interested in poor-quality performance, sloppy work, which is put on public display.

Today, time is playing against construction and finishing businesses. Huge competition forces to improve the quality of work. Many construction company owners report that owners of new country houses have begun to take work carefully. Therefore, the habit of scoring on the quality of work among builders is a thing of the past.
Therefore, thin-layer plaster, due to its characteristics, takes on a new life.

Facade plaster is designed for high-quality thin-layer leveling of walls inside and outside buildings. It can be used for preliminary leveling of ceilings, for sealing cracks, potholes and recesses. Also used as a "spray" for surface preparation prior to subsequent application of cementitious leveling plasters.

It is used for subsequent decorative finishing: finishing puttying, finishing with decorative plasters, tiling or painting.

It is used for finishing facades, plinths, basements and rooms with any degree of humidity, it is applied and leveled, it has increased crack resistance and provides reliable protection of facades from atmospheric influences. For manual and machine application.
Bases: concrete, cement-lime and cement-sand bases, aerated concrete and foam concrete, brick and stone masonry.
Specifications:
Color: Gray
Maximum filler fraction: 0.315 mm
Layer thickness: 3 – 30 mm
Adhesion strength, not less than: 0.7 MPa
Consumption at a layer thickness of 10 mm: 13 kg/m2
Pot life: 120 minutes
Frost resistance, not less: 50 cycles
Solution grade by mobility: Pk2
The amount of water per 25 kg of the mixture: 4.5 - 5.5 l
Vapor permeability coefficient: 0.1 mg/m h Pa
Grade strength: 10 MPa
Shelf life: 12 months
Regulatory document: GOST 31357-2007
Foundation requirements:
The age of cement-sand bases is at least 28 days, brick bases are at least 2-3 months, and concrete bases are at least 4-6 months
Foundation preparation:
The base must be dry and solid, free from dust, dirt, cement laitance, oil stains, paint residues and various delaminations. The cleaning of the base is carried out mechanically or manually. Smooth and glossy surfaces must be roughened by creating notches on the surface or applying a special structure-forming primer to it. Brickwork must be cleaned of excess masonry mortar. Highly absorbent or non-homogeneous substrates are recommended to be primed with a suitable Perfekta® primer or to create a sprayed layer.
Solution preparation:
When applying by machine, it is necessary to pour the dry mixture into the hopper of the plastering station. By adjusting the water flow, select the required consistency of the solution. This proportion should be remembered so that the same proportions are used when preparing subsequent batches of the solution.
Different models of plastering machines are characterized by different water consumption, so the selection of water is carried out for each model individually.
For manual application, measure 4.5 - 5.5 liters of clean water and pour into a mixing container. With constant stirring, pour the contents of the bag into a container. Mix until smooth, let stand for 5 minutes and mix again. Mixing is carried out with a professional mortar mixer or a low-speed drill with a nozzle.
The solution can be used within 120 minutes from the moment of mixing with water. When the viscosity of the solution in the container increases (within the pot life), it is necessary to mix it thoroughly without adding water.
Execution of works:
The mortar is spread using a plastering station or trowel over the entire area that can be leveled during the life cycle of the material and then, if necessary, leveled with an h-shaped rule. The recommended application layer without the use of a plaster mesh for continuous leveling is 1 - 10 mm per pass. After the mortar starts to set, wet the surface of the plaster with water and rub it with a plaster trowel.
For the final leveling of the surface, if necessary, it is recommended to use the appropriate Perfekta® fillers.
Care:
During operation and in the next two days, the temperature of the air and the surface of the base should not be lower than +5 ºС and not higher than +30 ºС, the air humidity in the room should not exceed 70%. During the first 3 days of hardening, the surface must be protected from intense drying: avoid direct sunlight and drafts.

Dry mixes and ready-made mortars for exterior plaster

Do you need facade plaster

Finishing the walls of the house with plaster from the outside performs several tasks:

• Decorates the house, gives the walls an attractive appearance. The plaster layer levels the surface of the walls, hides defects (cracks, stains) and serves as the basis for facade paint. Plaster can have a smooth or textured surface.
• Facade plaster protects the wall located under it, insulation from the destructive effects of atmospheric phenomena - rain, snow and sun.
• Protecting the wall from rain, the plaster should not prevent the removal (evaporation) of building and operational moisture from the wall.
• A layer of plaster increases the strength of the wall surface, thereby protecting the wall from mechanical damage.
• Plaster increases the heat-saving properties of the outer wall by reducing its thermal conductivity and air permeability (ventilation).
• A dense plaster layer increases the sound insulation of the premises from street noise.

To perform the above tasks, plaster compositions must have certain properties.

Builders who apply the plaster composition to the wall impose their own requirements on the solution. The plaster mortar must have good adhesion to the substrate, be easy and convenient to apply and rub, have an optimal setting and drying time.

It is important for the builder of the house that the plaster successfully fulfills its tasks for a long time and, at the same time, the price and consumption of the plaster mixture do not greatly burden the construction budget.

Methods for preparing a plaster solution

Plaster solutions at the construction site are prepared in three ways:

1. Components are loaded into the concrete mixer, which are purchased on the construction market each separately.
2. Water is poured into the concrete mixer and the ready-made dry mix from the necessary components is loaded from the bags.
3. Use a ready-made plaster solution, which is sold in buckets.

The first two methods are usually used for the preparation of mineral traditional cement-lime and cement plaster mortars.

Modern plaster mortars on an organic binder, as a rule, are bought ready-made, in buckets.

Properties and parameters by which facade plaster is chosen

The main properties and parameters by which facade plaster is chosen are usually indicated in the information on the package:

Type of plaster- or the composition of the main components, for example, cement, cement-lime, thin-layer acrylic, etc.

Application- for which walls, bases and conditions the plaster is intended, for example, facade plaster for brick walls or for interior work.

Amount in a package- the weight of the dry mix in the bag, the weight or volume of the finished solution in the bucket.

Consumption of dry mixture or mortar- indicated in kg / m 2 / for a layer thickness of 1 mm. or in 1 cm. By this parameter, you can calculate the number of packages that you need to buy for facade plastering.

Application temperature- ranges of temperatures and humidity of the outside air, within which storage and use of a dry mixture or solution is allowed.

Compressive strength- the compressive strength of the hardened layer of plaster on the wall is indicated, the unit of measurement is N/mm 2

Adhesion- adhesion strength of the plaster layer with the base. Unit of measurement - N/mm 2(the higher the better)

Vapor permeability- coefficient of resistance to diffusion of water vapor, denoted by the letter m(mu). The lower this indicator, the greater the vapor permeability of the plaster layer.

Plaster layer thickness- indicates the minimum and maximum thickness for a single layer or for the entire coating as a whole.

Depending on the type of plaster, other properties and conditions of use that are important for this type are also indicated on the packaging. More detailed information about the characteristics of the plaster composition can be obtained on the manufacturer's website.

When choosing a plaster, it is necessary to ensure that two mandatory rules:

1. Strength plaster layer shouldn't be anymore than at the base on which the plaster is applied. Do not apply plaster on a weaker base.
2. Vapor permeability facade plaster should always be higher than at the base.

This also applies to the case when the bottom layer of another plaster serves as the base.

The need to fulfill these conditions is one of the reasons why, for example, walls made of bricks and concrete blocks, walls made of cellular concrete, as well as walls with insulation have to plaster with different compositions.

Traditional cement-lime and cement plasters for brick and concrete block walls

The main components of the mortar for cement-lime plaster are cement, lime and sand. The mortar for cement plaster contains only cement and sand. These are traditional plasters that have been used in construction since ancient times.

A traditional plaster mortar of good quality for reasonable money can really be prepared only from prefabricated dry mixes. At the factory, in addition to the main components, various additives are added to dry mixes that improve the properties of the mortar and the finished coating on the wall.

Factory-made ready-made dry mixes, in addition to the main components, also contain additives that:

• keep water in a fresh plaster layer, preventing the transition of water into the wall material;
• increase the adhesion of the plaster to the base;
• increase plasticity and workability;
• adjust the setting time;
• prevent the appearance of efflorescence on the surface;
• increase the strength, crack resistance of the plaster layer.

At the construction site, when self-preparing the mortar from individual components, as a rule, these additives are dispensed with and less high-quality plaster is obtained.

In addition, from the factory dry plaster mix, a solution is obtained that is more homogeneous in composition and properties. When making a home-made mortar from individual components, each batch in a concrete mixer will differ in composition and properties. Each time when loading into a concrete mixer, the builders will not measure the components “like in a pharmacy”. In addition, the purchased materials for the preparation of the solution may not be of adequate quality.

Ready-made compositions of dry mixes are also distinguished by the method of applying the solution to the wall.- manual or machine. Plaster solutions for the machine method are applied to the wall using a special unit.

Plaster compositions for machines are of higher quality, contain more additives, and are easier to apply to the wall. They are more expensive than hand mixes.

Machine plasters are well suited for manual application, but not vice versa.

Traditional plasters dry for a long time, within one to two weeks for every centimeter of thickness. Only after this period they can be painted with facade paint.

Cement-lime plaster used for finishing bases made of mineral materials- walls made of bricks or concrete blocks based on cement, as well as coatings made of cement-bonded, asbestos-cement or fiber-cement boards.

The thickness of the plaster layer is usually 1 - 3 cm, the consumption of the dry mix is ​​11-16 kg/m 2 /cm., color gray or white.

Cement-lime mortars are applied to the base sequentially in three layers:

1. splatter- the bottom layer is 3 - 5 mm thick. A solution of a liquid consistency is thrown or rubbed into the base, which ensures better adhesion of the plaster to the surface.
2. Priming- a layer of plaster mortar with a thickness of 10 - 20 mm. levels the surface of the wall and ensures the strength of the plaster layer.
3. Nakryvka- finishing layer 3 - 8 mm thick. rubbed with a grater. Finally levels the plaster layer and prepares the surface for painting.

Ready-made dry mixes are available for sale, specially designed for preparing a mortar for spraying, as well as liquid mortars and primers for surface treatment before plastering in order to increase the adhesion of the plaster layer. Such compositions are recommended be sure to apply on surfaces with low adhesion, for example, on concrete walls and cement slabs.

Primer Betonkontakt roughens surfaces to increase the adhesion of the plaster layer to smooth, slightly absorbent concrete substrates.

Primer deep penetration increases the adhesion of all types of absorbent substrates: cement-sand plasters, cellular concrete, etc.

Walls treated with ready-made solutions to increase adhesion are plastered without spraying - they immediately apply primer, and then cover.

For the device of the finishing layer - coverings, you can use ready-made fine-grained cement-lime mixtures, which allow you to get a smoother surface of the plaster.

On sale you can find ready-made mortars and dry mixes that allow you to perform cement-lime plaster quickly, immediately in one layer.

Properties, differences and features of cement-lime plaster:

• Resistant to moisture (but to a lesser extent than cement plasters).
• Sufficiently plastic, easy to use, easy to apply and overwrite.
• Vapor permeable.
• Durable, resistant to mechanical stress.
• Relatively cheap.

Cement (cement-sand) plaster - properties and features

A mortar for cement plaster is prepared from a dry mixture or by mixing the main components - cement, sand and water.

Ready dry mix Crack-resistant cement plaster for leveling the surface for decorative finishing.

Cement-sand plaster has the following properties:

• High resistance to moisture.
• Good mechanical strength.
• Low water vapor permeability.
• The plaster cement mortar is less plastic, it is more difficult to apply and rub, it sets faster compared to the cement-lime composition.
• The hardened layer shrinks and for this reason cracks.
• Cement plaster mixture is the cheapest.

The scope of cement plaster is determined by its features.

Cement plaster is usually used to level the walls of the foundation and basement, which are always in conditions of high humidity.

Cement plaster applied to interior walls to reduce vapor permeability, for example, when, as well as for wall decoration in wet rooms.

Cement plaster on the wall is applied in two layers - spray and primer. The thickness of each layer is the same as for cement-lime plaster. A layer of cement plaster serves as the base on which the vertical waterproofing of the foundation is applied.

Consumption of dry mix of cement plaster 16 - 18 kg/m 2 /cm. The total thickness of the cement plaster layer on the wall is 6 - 20 mm, gray color.

When finishing the facade with traditional cement-lime or cement plaster, for the finishing layer - covering, often use modern compositions of thin-layer facade plaster or putty. This solution allows you to get a beautiful, textured and colored decorative surface.

Ready dry mix Facade cement putty for the final leveling of the surface.

Light facade plaster for walls made of aerated concrete, gas silicate, foam concrete

Light facade plaster differs from traditional cement plaster in that the quartz sand in the mortar is replaced, in whole or in part, with a lighter filler, for example, perlite sand in the Weber Vetonit TTT dry mix. Due to this, the plaster layer has high vapor permeability, low weight and slightly loads the base on which it is applied.

Light plaster somewhat improves the heat-saving properties of the walls. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the plaster layer is 0.25 - 0.32 W/m* about K. For comparison, a layer of conventional cement-lime plaster has a thermal conductivity of about 0.8 W/m* o K.

Due to its properties, light mineral plaster is well suited for plastering surfaces made of aerated concrete, gas silicate, foam concrete or walls over old plaster.

Light plaster is less resistant to mechanical damage and moisture. Therefore, it is not used for finishing the walls of the basement and basement.

Light plaster is purchased in the form of ready-made dry mixes. It is applied to the wall in the same way as a traditional mortar, in three layers - spray, primer and coating. The total thickness of the plaster layer of light plaster is up to 4 cm.

See the technology for applying light facade plaster in this video tutorial:

When applying, take into account the following features of light mineral plaster:

• It has high vapor permeability.
• Increases the heat transfer resistance of the wall, but to a lesser extent than heat-saving plaster.
• It is applied to the wall in a thicker layer than thin-layer plaster, which allows you to hide significant wall irregularities.
• Less resistant to mechanical stress than traditional compounds.
• More resistant to shrinkage cracks.
• It is easier to apply on the wall than heat-saving plaster.

Thin-layer facade plasters for insulation

Thin-layer facade plasters used for finishing exterior walls over a layer of insulation. This method of insulation and finishing of external walls is usually called or “bonded thermal insulation system”.

Thin-layer plasters are light in weight and load the base on which they are applied less than others.

Thin-layer plaster solution contains calibrated filler grains. Plaster of the same name usually has several composition options, which differ in the size (caliber) of the grain. In the solutions, grains with a caliber of 1–6 mm are used. The caliber of the grain in the solution determines the thickness of the plaster layer. Grain caliber is indicated on the plaster packaging.

Thin-layer plasters are suitable for finishing and other surfaces, both outside and inside the premises. They create a light but wear-resistant protective and decorative layer on the surface.

Thin-layer plaster is often applied over less decorative plaster.- cement-lime, cement or heat-saving.

Plaster solutions contain various additives that color the plaster, give it antiseptic properties - prevent the appearance of mold and green algae.

Thin-layer plasters dry quickly. After 2 - 3 days, their surface can already be painted.

Thin layer mineral plaster

The binder in thin-layer mineral plaster is white cement. The plaster composition is sold in bags, in the form of a dry mix.

The plaster mixture may contain microfiber fibers, which increase the strength of the coating, as well as hydrophobic additives that increase the moisture resistance of the plaster.

Mineral plaster is the cheapest of the thin-layer ones. The consumption of the solution is on average 1.5 - 4.5 kg/m2.

Fine-lined mineral plaster has the following features:

• Less elastic (prone to cracking) compared to organic binder plaster.
• Creates a vapor permeable coating.
• Easily soiled and harder to clean than other thin-layer plasters.
• A poorer color palette for coloring.

Thin-layer acrylic plaster

The binder in acrylic plaster is acrylic resin. The plaster composition is sold in the form of a ready-made solution in buckets. It is enough to mix the mass in the bucket and it is ready for application to the wall.

The solution contains pigments and mineral fillers of a certain size - caliber in the range of 0.5 - 6 mm.

The consumption of the finished solution of acrylic plaster - 1.5 - 4 kg/m2.

On sale there are acrylic - silicone plaster solutions. The plaster layer from such a solution is more vapor-permeable.

The plastered surface may not be smooth, but may have a relief (texture), for example, it looks like finely laid pebbles.

Acrylic plasters have the following advantages and disadvantages:

• They have good elasticity - less risk of cracking.
• The coating is resistant to mechanical stress.
• Well stained with rich, stable colors.
• In conditions of prolonged moisture, mold and algae are easily overgrown.
• Poor water vapor permeability.

silicate plaster

Silicate plasters, they are also called silicon plasters, contain liquid potassium glass as a base. Ready plaster solution is sold in buckets.

It should be borne in mind that the silicate solution has an alkaline reaction, that is, it can corrode hands. Plaster work with such a solution is performed in protective gloves and goggles.

The consumption of silicate plaster is 2 - 4 kg/m2.

Silicate plasters have the following features:

• Create a coating resistant to mechanical damage.
• They have a rich color palette.
• Easily cleaned from dirt.
• Resistant to mold, fungus and algae.
• Difficult to apply on the wall, experience is required to obtain a uniform smooth surface.
• The liquid solution, due to the alkaline reaction, is dangerous to humans.

There are also silicate plasters with the addition of silicone resin - polysilicate (polysilicon) plasters. Polysilicate plasters are more elastic, UV-resistant, easier to apply on the wall and safer to work with. But they have lower resistance to mold and algae.

Silicone thin layer plaster

The main binder in silicone plasters is silicone resin. Silicone plaster has all the advantages of mineral and acrylic plasters.

The consumption of silicone plaster solution is 1.7 - 2.4 kg/m2. The composition is sold as a ready-made solution in buckets.

Silicone plasters are characterized by the following properties:

• Create a layer resistant to mechanical damage.
• They pass water vapor well.
• The surface is easily cleaned from dirt.
• Easy and convenient to apply on the wall.
• They have a very rich range of colors.

How to choose thin-layer plaster

The final table comparing the properties of different types of thin-layer plasters:

Stucco property	Mineral	Acrylic	Silicone	silicate
Porosity	****	***	**	****
Vapor permeability	****	*	***	***
Elasticity	—	***	**	*
Mechanical strength	*	***	*	*
Resistant to dust contamination	**	*	***	**
Mold and algae resistance	**	*	***	**
Resistance to chemical air pollution	*	****	***	**
UV resistance	***	*	**	***
Color fastness	*	***	**	*
Resistant to efflorescence and stains when dry	—	***	***	*
Ease of wall application	**	***	***	*

When choosing a plaster, as already mentioned above, vapor permeability must be taken into account. The vapor permeability of the plaster layer should be higher than that of the base.

For plastering on mineral wool insulation choose plaster with high vapor permeability. The table shows that mineral, silicone and silicate plasters have good vapor permeability. It is impossible to finish the facade insulated with mineral wool with acrylic plaster.

For plastering over insulation made of foam boards or extruded polystyrene foam plasters with low vapor permeability can be used. For such a facade, in terms of vapor permeability, any thin-layer plaster is suitable.

If thin-layer plaster is applied to even walls from neatly folded blocks of aerated concrete, gas silicate, then it is necessary to use a composition with high vapor permeability.

Thin-layer plaster is often applied as a top coat to mineral plaster surfaces. In this variant, for application, for example, on vapor-permeable light mineral plaster it is also necessary to use thin-layer plaster with high vapor permeability.

Thin-layer plaster with a high strength index should not be applied to less durable substrates.

When choosing thin-layer plaster, other properties are also taken into account. But this choice is not so critical. For example, a house near a high-traffic road is best plastered with a dirt-resistant compound with an easy-to-clean surface, such as silicone plaster.

Or a house on the shore of a reservoir or with a facade heavily shaded by trees, it is advantageous to finish it with plaster that is resistant to mold and algae.

But you can choose other types of plaster. Only then, you will have to take additional measures to protect the facade from dust or mold.

Heat-saving plaster for the facade

Heat-saving plaster is a cement or cement-lime plaster, in which, instead of quartz sand, perlite sand or foam plastic granules are used as a filler. Perlite is a volcanic porous rock, similar to pumice.

Due to the thermal insulation properties of the filler, the plaster layer has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity in the range of 0.07 - 0.15 W/m* o K. For comparison, a layer of conventional cement-lime plaster has a thermal conductivity of about 0.8 W / m * about K, and for mineral wool insulation, this coefficient is about 0.055 W/m* about K.

In order for the effect of saving heat to be tangible, the thickness of the plaster layer must be significant, up to 10 cm. A solution of heat-saving plaster is applied in layers of 2-4 cm in several passes.

It is necessary to ensure good adhesion of such a thick heat-saving plaster layer to the base of the wall. To do this, a bottom layer is applied to the wall - spray, and reinforced with a fiberglass mesh.

Glass cloth mesh 5x5 mm. It is used to strengthen the plaster layer, protect the applied mixture from delamination and cracking, and prevent deformations of the finish. Its installation at times reduces the influence of mechanical, humidity and temperature influences. Increases the quality of adhesion of solutions to bases.

The layer of heat-saving plaster has low resistance to mechanical damage. Finishing with such plaster is not recommended for basement walls and other places that are subject to mechanical stress. Or it is necessary to provide additional protection of such places.

To increase the decorative effect and resistance to external influences, it is recommended to apply thin-layer plaster over heat-saving plaster.

The consumption of heat-saving plaster mortar is on average 11 kg/m 2 /cm. For drying, heat-saving plaster is enough to withstand about one week for each centimeter of thickness. After that, the facade can be painted.

When applying, consider the following features of facade heat-saving plaster:

• Less resistance to mechanical stress.
• Good water vapor permeability.
• A thick plaster layer allows you to level very uneven walls.
• The surface of the plaster layer is not decorative enough, often requires additional finishing.

Facade plaster in your city

Front plaster for external works.

The plaster is beautiful, well-groomed and colored

Should the façade be painted?

Facade paint must be used on walls finished with any mineral plaster - traditional, light, heat-saving, thin-layer.

It is also recommended to paint walls covered with thin-layer plasters. The facade, finished with acrylic thin-layer plaster, can not be painted if the mortar was tinted to the desired color before application. The color of the thin-layer plaster solution should be chosen as close as possible to the color of the facade paint.

Coloring the plaster makes the color of the facade uniform and more saturated. A layer of facade paint additionally protects the wall from external influences, and also makes it easier to clean the walls from dirt.

It is not recommended to paint the facade in a rich dark color. This is especially true for walls with thin-layer plaster over insulation. Dark facades heat up more in the sun, and this causes additional stress in the plaster layer. The plaster on such a facade may crack and peel off the base.

Information about the correct choice of the type of facade paint, as well as what color to paint the facade and how to paint the facade yourself, read other articles on this topic.

In order for the wall to have an attractive decorative look, plaster surfaces are often given a relief texture.

For mineral-based plaster, using a variety of tools: a spatula, trowel, trowel, brushes, brooms, boards with nails, etc., one or another relief is applied to the surface of the plaster that has not yet hardened.

Using templates or stamps, an elongated relief can be formed on the surface of uncured plaster: imitation of seams, rustication (parallel grooves), as well as geometric shapes, or any other decor.

To apply a relief decor, the thickness of the layer of mineral plaster must be at least 1 - 1.5 cm.

The surface of thin-layer plaster is decorated in a different way. The composition of the solution at the factory includes special additives that allow you to form a decorative texture on the surface, for example, bark beetle, lamb, fur coat, pebble, shagreen or smooth.

The composition of decorative plasters includes various granular fillers with a diameter of 1 to 4 mm: marble chips, quartz sand, glass chips, mica, which gives the coating an expressive structure.

The texture is determined not only by the size of the grain (crumb), but also by the technique of applying the composition.

So, for example, a “fur coat” is a bumpy inhomogeneous surface, a “lamb” is smaller “lumps” formed during rubbing with a roller, trowel, whisk or twisted rag.

The effect of grooves eaten in wood by bark beetles is achieved by circular, horizontal or vertical rubbing of plaster containing small pebbles - they create shallow picturesque grooves.

"Scratches" are obtained by grouting plaster containing fine gravel; it "crumbles" from the surface, revealing a homogeneous mosaic of densely packed grains of deeper layers.

Thin-layer plasters are more decorative, have a variety of surface textures, rich and saturated colors - examples in the figure. For this reason, they are often used to finish less decorative mineral plasters.

There is little theoretical knowledge to perform plastering work. To obtain high-quality coverage, long-term practice and the skill of the performer are of great importance. To make the facade of the house look decent I highly recommend entrusting this work to specialists. with good advice.

Start plastering the walls no earlier than 2 - 3 months after the construction of the house box under the roof. The walls will shrink during this time.

Perform facade plastering after finishing plastering work inside the house.

Ideal weather conditions for the installation of external plaster - temperature within plus 5 - 25 ° C, air humidity not more than 75%. In the heat, freshly applied plaster on the wall is protected from the sun, and mineral plaster is also sprayed with water, otherwise the plaster layer may crack.

Before applying the plaster, it is very useful to coat the surface of the wall with a primer. It is better to choose a primer that is recommended by the manufacturer of the finished mortar or dry mix. This information is usually found on the packaging or on the manufacturer's website. The primer improves the adhesion of the plaster layer to the base, reduces the risk of cracking and peeling of the plaster from the base. Do not save on the primer - you can lose more.

On smooth and primed walls plaster can be applied in two layers as shown in this tutorial video.

Plastering of external walls from aerated concrete, gas silicate from the inside of the room.