Download the Manual Design of water and foam automatic fire extinguishing installations. Educational and methodological manual
Automatic Water Fire Extinguishing Systems. Questions and Answers
L. M. Meshman, Candidate of Engineering, Leaders Researcher at FSBI VNIIPO of the MES of Russia
Keywords: fire protection, automatic fire extinguishing units, sprinkler, indoor fire line
This article offers answers to the designers" questions related to specific of design and efficiency of operation of automated firefighting systems.
Description:
L. M. Meshman, Ph.D. tech. Sciences, leading researcher of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
This material provides answers to questions from designers related to the design features and operational efficiency of automatic fire extinguishing systems.
Please tell me, in the case when a hydraulic calculation is made of an AUP combined with an internal fire water supply system (ERW), is it necessary to add additional pressure at the point of connection of the taps, which is required at the fire hydrant? For example, at point N the pressure is 0.26 MPa, a paired PC is connected to it (according to Table 3 SP 10.13130.2009 P = 0.1 MPa), is it necessary to sum: 0.26 + 2 × 0.1 = 0, 46?
When hydraulically calculating a fire control system combined with an internal fire water supply system, it is imperative to take into account the flow rate of fire hydrants.
As a rule, designers determine the total flow rate using the formula:
Q total = Q AUP + Q ERW.
For example, estimated flow Q AUP is 10 l/s, and with the table value of the number of fire hydrants for calculating water consumption - 2 pcs. With a flow rate of each fire nozzle of 2.5 l/s, the ERW flow rate is assumed to be 5 l/s. From here Q the total is taken to be 15 l/s, which is completely incorrect.
What mistakes were made here? How should PC consumption be taken into account and calculated correctly? Q generally?
It is unacceptable to determine the ERW flow rate as Q ERW = 2.5 × 2 = 5 l/s. Calculation of the total flow rate of ERW not combined with the fire control valve begins with determining the flow rate of the dictating fire valve depending on the height of the room, the diameter of the fire shut-off valve of the fire valve (and therefore the diameter of the fire hose), the length of the fire hose and the diameter of the outlet of the manual fire nozzle ( see, for example, Table 3 SP 10.13130.2009).
With an ERW combined with an AUP, it is advisable to find a point on the supply pipeline with a pressure close to, but not less than, the pressure that is required to ensure this flow rate at the selected outlet diameter of the fire nozzle, the nominal diameter of the fire shut-off valve PC and the length of the fire hose (connection of the PC to distribution pipeline is not allowed due to the fact that its diameter is usually less than DN 50).
If the connection point of the fire hydrant pipeline is selected arbitrarily (depending on the geometric location of the fire hydrant in the room), then taking into account the required water flow for the PC, which can be taken from the table. 3 SP 10.13130.2009, the pressure at the connection point between the PK pipeline and the AUP supply pipeline is specified (taking into account pressure losses along the length of the pipeline, local losses and the piezometric height difference between the AUP and PK supply pipeline). The pressure at this point, calculated according to the AUP hydraulic diagram, must be no less than the pressure at this point, calculated for the PC, and taking into account this difference in pressure, the PC flow rate and, accordingly, the total flow rate at this point are adjusted.
If the pressure at the point of connection of the fire hydrant pipeline to the AUP supply pipeline, calculated according to the PC flow rate, is greater than that calculated according to the hydraulic diagram of the AUP, then the pressure of the dictating sprinkler must be adjusted (increasingly) so that at the point of connection of the pipelines an approximate equality of the calculated pressures is observed .
Similarly, the connection point to the supply pipeline of the AUP pipeline of the second PC is determined, and the total flow rate is determined Q total
Thus, at the point of connection of the AUP supply pipeline with the PC pipeline It's not the pressure that adds up, and the consumption of AUP and the consumption of PC.
The maximum radius of action of the sprinkler is approximately 2 m (area 12 m2). The maximum distance between sprinklers is 4 m. Areas with unknown irrigation intensity are formed between the irrigation circles. How to determine whether at least 50% intensity is provided in these areas (according to NPB 87–2000). Or should the distance between sprinklers be reduced to 2.8 m to avoid these areas?
According to GOST R 51043.2002 (which came into force to replace NPB 87–2000), the circular irrigation area must be at least 12 m2 (radius ≈ 2 m), and the irrigation intensity must correspond to the standard, depending on the group of premises according to SP5.13130.2009. But, naturally, irrigation is not limited to irrigating only the area within S 12 = 12 m2. The true irrigation area is S ≈ (1,3–1,7) S 12, i.e. it significantly exceeds the standard value of the protected area.
Depending on the type of sprinkler, the irrigation intensity on this additional area from each sprinkler is (0.2–0.7) I(from the standard value of irrigation intensity I). Therefore, in the central zone between four sprinklers, as a rule, the irrigation intensity exceeds 50% of the standard value, and sometimes it can be higher than this value (detailed information can be obtained from the educational manual (Meshman L.I. et al. Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Design. M.: VNIIPO, 2009. – 572 p.) or from the educational manual (Meshman L.M. et al. Sprinklers for water and foam automatic fire extinguishing installations. M.: VNIIPO, 2002. – 315 With.).
Therefore, with a distance between sprinklers of 4 m, the area protected by each sprinkler is conditionally accepted S= 16 m 2. For example, if the estimated area of the AUP for the 1st group of premises is 60 m2, then the minimum estimated number of sprinklers will be 4 pieces. (60 m2: 16 m2 ≈ 4 pcs.); accordingly, for the 2nd group of premises – 8 pcs. (120 m2: 16 m2 ≈ 8 pcs.).
The distribution pipeline of the fire extinguishing installation is laid with a slope of 0.005 under a flat ceiling. According to SP5.13130.2009, from the sprinkler flask to the ceiling is 0.08–0.30 m and, thus, regardless of the slope of the main highway, all sprinklers must be located in this interval. So, to install the first sprinkler you need a 100 mm long insert, and for the last – 600 mm so that they are in line?
The slope of the AUP pipelines is provided to ensure, if necessary, the evacuation of water from them. The distance from the center of the sprinkler flask to the overlap plane should be in the range from 0.08 to 0.30 m. In exceptional cases, this distance can be increased to 0.40 m. If, with a slope and a certain length of the pipeline, the distance from the center of the sprinkler flask to the overlap plane exceeds 0.40 m, then it is necessary to install a drain valve in this place (at the lowest point) to drain the water and raise the pipe up so that the distance from the center of the visible part of the flask to the ceiling is at least 0.08 m, and then this new the pipe section must be laid with the required slope.
At the request of the customer, the distribution network of the sprinkler installation based on the double activation system in the cross-connection and server rooms should not be filled with water. The premises are located in an existing business center and occupy four floors. There are approximately two rooms for this purpose on each floor. Water will only be released into the system if the smoke detector and sprinkler are activated simultaneously. Triggering of only one equipment without the simultaneous triggering of another will not allow water to get inside the pipeline network of cross-country and server AUPs. Is it possible to envisage such a scheme?
The proposed installations are discussed in clause 5.6 of SP 5.13130.2009.
Depending on the requirements for speed and exclusion of false alarms, the following types of sprinkler-drencher AUP-SD are used:
- water-filled AUP-SVD;
- airborne AUP-SVzD.
The choice of the type of sprinkler-drencher AUP-SD is determined by minimizing damage from the consequences of false or unauthorized activations of the AUP:
Water-filled AUP-SVD - for premises where increased speed of AUP is required and minor spills of fire extinguishing agent are permissible in case of damage or false activation of sprinklers - in standby mode, the supply and distribution pipelines are filled with water, and the supply of fire extinguishing agent to the protected area is carried out only when the automatic fire alarm is activated detector and sprinkler switched on according to the logical “AND” circuit;
Air AUP-SVzD (1) - for rooms with positive and negative temperatures, where spills of waste water are undesirable in the event of damage or false operation of sprinklers - in standby mode, the supply and distribution pipelines are filled with air under pressure. Filling of these pipelines with a fire extinguishing agent occurs only when an automatic fire detector is triggered, and the supply of fire extinguishing agent to the protected area is carried out only when an automatic fire detector and a sprinkler switched on according to the “AND” logic circuit are triggered;
Airborne AUP-SVZD (2) - for rooms with positive and negative temperatures, where it is necessary to exclude the supply of fire extinguishing agent into the pipeline system due to false alarms of automatic fire detectors, as well as spills of fire extinguishing agent due to damage or false operation of sprinklers, - in the duty room mode, the supply and distribution pipelines are filled with air under pressure. Filling of these pipelines with fire extinguishing agent and supply of fire extinguishing agent to the protected area occurs only when an automatic fire detector and sprinkler switched on according to the “AND” logic circuit are triggered.
It should be taken into account that, as a rule, gas AUPs are used to protect cross-connect and server ones.
It is required to design a fire extinguishing sprinkler installation for a warehouse of the 6th group (with a storage height of up to 11 m, building height 14 m), which is not covered by clause 1.3 of SP 5.13130. Analysis of information on forums allows us to conclude that you can use either high-performance sprinklers (ESFR/SOBR), performing calculations based on their STU, or TRV sprinklers. What is more appropriate in this case?
The design of high-rack warehouses should be carried out according to SP 241.13130.2015, or according to VNPB 40–16 “Automatic water fire extinguishing installations “AUP-Gefest”. Design. STO 420541.004”, or according to STO 7.3–02–2011 “Water fire extinguishing installations with finely sprayed water using Breeze ® sprayers”. Design Guide".
The use of finely atomized water sprinklers compared to ESFR/SOBR sprinklers can dramatically reduce water consumption, however, AUPs equipped with sprayers are less effective in extinguishing fires in rooms of groups 6 and 7 according to SP 5.13130.2009. The final choice of ESFR/SOBR sprinklers or finely atomized water sprayers is determined by a feasibility study, the availability of appropriate AUP at the site, the qualifications of operating personnel, etc.
There is a cold high-rack warehouse. SOBR sprinklers are used. However, due to the fact that the pipe diameters are large, the total volume of the air section is also large - about 25 m3. Is it possible to design an AUP with the following operating algorithm: provide a deluge control unit. Before the control unit, the AUP pipelines are filled with water, after it - air without pressure. When the fire detectors of the substation are triggered, the control unit opens and water fills the pipelines. If the response is not false, when the temperature-sensitive bulb of the sprinkler is destroyed, irrigation begins. This scheme has the following advantages:
- no compressors are needed (currently each section needs its own compressor, and the version of SP 5 with one compressor has not yet been adopted);
- Exhausters are not needed. Accordingly, the cost of automated control systems is reduced; there is no need to provide automation to control them;
- the requirement to fill the pipeline system with water within 180 s is also simplified. The sensitivity of the fire detector is higher, and at the moment the heat-sensitive flask is opened, the pipelines will be completely or partially filled.
At the same time, the definition of air-drencher AUPs according to SP5 contains the phrase “air ducts are filled with air under pressure.”
It turns out that it is formally impossible to design a system without air pressure?
The requirements of regulatory documents should not hinder technical progress. If advanced design solutions emerge, they can be agreed upon for application according to established procedures.
It is quite possible to use a deluge AUP with sprinklers instead of an air sprinkler AUP, but it is necessary to correctly determine all the advantages of using this option. Firstly, it will require the installation of a fire alarm system with numerous fire detectors, which must be serviced by more highly qualified specialists. Secondly, 25 m 3 of air remains in the pipeline system. Depending on the configuration of the distribution network and the location of the triggered sprinkler, the release of air through it can occur after a considerable time (more than 3 minutes - it all depends on the complexity of the AUP distribution network and the location of the sprinkler).
As an option, we can propose the use of a deluge AUP with sprinklers and a slight excess pressure in the supply and distribution pipelines. The advantage compared to the recommended scheme is the lack of installation of a fire alarm with numerous fire detectors; the disadvantage is a slight decrease in the speed of water supply to the protected object. However, if the AUP is divided into several independent sections, then significant performance can be achieved (see, for example, the application for an invention: Meshman L. M. et al. Method for increasing the performance of an air sprinkler fire extinguishing installation (options) and a device for its implementation (options) IPC A62C 35/00, filing date 05.2017).
As another option, we can propose the use of a deluge AUP using sprinklers with start control or sprinklers equipped with a start control and forced start device (see, for example, Meshman L. M. et al. Method of controlling an air fire extinguishing installation and a device for it implementation: Patent RU No. 2 610 816, A62C 35/00. Published 02.15.2017. Bulletin No. 5).
MINISTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR CIVIL DEFENSE, EMERGENCIES AND DISASTER ELIMINATION
FEDERAL STATE INSTITUTION "ALL-RUSSIAN ORDER "BADGE OF HONOR" RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FIRE DEFENSE" (FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM OF RUSSIA)
L.M. Meshman, S.G. Tsarichenko, V.A. Bylinkin, V.V. Aleshin, R.Yu. Gubin
DESIGN OF WATER AND FOAM AUTOMATIC FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATIONS
Educational and methodological manual
Under the general editorship of N.P. Kopylova
MOSCOW 2002
1.1. General provisions
1.2. Temporary and hydraulic parameters of fire extinguishing installations with water and foam of low and medium expansion
1.3. Features of the design of traditional fire sprinkler systems
1.4. Design features of traditional deluge fire extinguishing installations
1.5. Features of designing high-expansion foam fire extinguishing installations
Regulatory documentation database: www.complexdoc.ru
2. FEATURES OF DESIGNING AUP OF STATIONARY HIGH-RISE RACK WAREHOUSES
2.1. General provisions
2.2. Requirements for automatic fire extinguishing systems in high-rise storage areas with stationary racks
2.3. Requirements for the layout of warehouses and racks
3. FEATURES OF DESIGNING WATER SPRAY FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATIONS
4. FEATURES OF DESIGNING ROBOTIC FIRE FIGHTING UNITS AND FIRE FIGHTING UNITS WITH STATIONARY REMOTELY CONTROLLED MOUNTS
5. PUMPING STATIONS
6. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PLACEMENT AND CONTENT OF ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT COMPONENTS
7. REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER SUPPLY AND PREPARATION OF FOAM SOLUTION
8. REQUIREMENTS FOR AUTOMATIC AND AUXILIARY WATER SUPPLIERS
9. REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPELINES
9.1. General provisions
9.2. Features of the use of plastic pipelines
10. POWER SUPPLY OF INSTALLATIONS
11. ELECTRICAL CONTROL AND SIGNALING
SECTION 2. PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING TASKS FOR DESIGNING AUP
1. STUDYING THE FEATURES OF THE PROTECTED OBJECT
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2. GENERAL PROVISIONS ABOUT THE PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPMENT, APPROVAL AND APPROVAL OF DESIGN ASSIGNMENTS
3. BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR AUP
4. ORDER OF PRESENTATION OF THE DESIGN TASK
5. PROCEDURE FOR COMPLETING A DESIGN TASK
6. LIST OF DOCUMENTATION PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPER ORGANIZATION TO THE CUSTOMER ORGANIZATION
SECTION III. PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPING THE AUP PROJECT
1. RATIONALE FOR THE CHOICE OF AUP
1.1. Selection of extinguishing agent
1.2. Calculation of AUP response time
1.3. Calculation of the critical fire time required to ensure timely evacuation of people
1.4. Calculation of critical time to ensure reduction of fire damage
1.5. Clarification of fire extinguishing method
1.6. Economic calculation
2. COMPOSITION OF DESIGN AND ESTIMATE DOCUMENTATION
2.1. Basic Concepts
2.2. General provisions
2.3. Explanatory note
2.4. Vedomosti
2.5. Estimate documentation
Regulatory documentation database: www.complexdoc.ru
2.6. Initial requirements for the development of design documentation
2.7. Composition of design and estimate documentation at the project stage
2.8. Composition of design and estimate documentation at the detailed design stage
2.9. Composition of design and estimate documentation at the stage of working documentation
2.10. Registration of volumes of the project, working draft, working documentation
3. WORKING DRAWINGS
3.1. General provisions
3.2. Total information
3.3. Copy from General Alan, situational plan
3.4. Plans and sections of pipeline layouts and equipment placement in protected rooms, control rooms, pumping stations
3.5. Plans, sections (types) of cable distribution, wires and arrangement of electrical equipment in protected premises, control rooms, pumping stations, fire stations
3.7. Applying dimensions, slopes, marks, inscriptions
3.8. Drawings of general types of non-standard structures and equipment
3.9. Rules for fulfilling specifications
3.10. cable magazine
3.11. Specifications of equipment, products and materials
SECTION IV. HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF WATER AND FOAM FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATIONS
Regulatory documentation database: www.complexdoc.ru
1. HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF WATER AND FOAM INSTALLATIONS (LOW AND MEDIUM EXPANSION)
FIRE FIGHTING
1.1. Hydraulic calculation procedure
1.2. Determination of the required pressure at the sprinkler at a given irrigation intensity
1.3. Hydraulic pressure losses in pipelines
1.4. Hydraulic calculation of distribution and supply pipelines
1.5. Features of calculating the parameters of the fire extinguishing system for volumetric fire extinguishing with low and medium expansion foam
1.6. Hydraulic calculation of parameters of high-expansion foam fire extinguishing installations
2. DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC CONSUMPTION OF SPRINKLERS FOR CREATION OF WATER CURTAINS
3. PUMPING UNITS
SECTION V. APPROVAL AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXAMINATION OF AUP PROJECTS
1. COORDINATION OF AUP PROJECTS WITH STATE SUPERVISION BODIES
2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXAMINATION OF AUP PROJECTS
SECTION VI. REGULATIVE DOCUMENTS, THE REQUIREMENTS OF WHICH SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN DEVELOPING A PROJECT FOR WATER AND FOAM FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATIONS
LITERATURE
APPENDIX 1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS IN APPLICATION TO WATER AND FOAM AUP
APPENDIX 2 GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS OF AUP AND THEIR ELEMENTS
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APPENDIX 3 DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC FIRE LOAD
APPENDIX 4 LIST OF PRODUCTS SUBJECT TO MANDATORY CERTIFICATION IN THE FIELD OF FIRE SAFETY (fire safety equipment)
APPENDIX 5 MANUFACTURERS OF WATER AND FOAM AUP PRODUCTS
APPENDIX 6 TECHNICAL MEANS OF WATER AND FOAM AUP
P6.1. MAIN PARAMETERS OF DOMESTIC FOAMING AGENTS
P6.2. MAIN PARAMETERS OF PUMPING UNITS
P6.3. MAIN TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF THE ROBOTIC FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATION UPR-1 JSC "TULA PLANT "ARSENAL"
P6.4. IRRIGATION MAPS FOR BIYSKY SPRINKLERS BY "SPETSAVTOMATIKA"
APPENDIX 7 DIRECTORY OF BASIC PRICES FOR DESIGN WORK ON FIRE PROTECTION OF FACILITIES
APPENDIX 8 LIST OF BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES, PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT TO BE PROTECTED BY AUTOMATIC FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATIONS
APPENDIX 9 EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION OF A SPRINKLER (DENLAND) DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF WATER AND FOAM AUP
APPENDIX 10 EXAMPLE OF WORKING DRAFT WATER AUP
APPENDIX 11 EXAMPLE OF TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WORKING DRAFT WATER AUP
APPENDIX 12 EXAMPLE OF WORKING DRAFT WATER AUP RAILWARE WAREHOUSE
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P.12.1. EXPLANATORY NOTE TO THE WORKING DRAFT
P.12.2. REGISTRATION OF WORKING DRAWINGS
REFERENCE SECTION
The author-compilers set themselves the task of concentrating in a small manual the maximum of the main provisions of a large number of regulatory documents related to the design of fire automatics.
Design standards for water and foam AUP are given. The features of the design of modular and robotic fire extinguishing installations, as well as fire control systems in relation to high-rise mechanized warehouses, are considered.
Particular attention is paid to a detailed presentation of the rules for developing technical specifications for design, and the main provisions for the coordination and approval of this task are formulated. The content and procedure for preparing the working draft, including the explanatory note, are described in detail.
The main volume of the educational manual and its appendices contain the necessary reference material, in particular terms and definitions, symbols, recommended normative and technical documentation and technical literature in relation to various types of water and foam AUP, a list of manufacturers of water-foam AUP, examples of designing water and foam AUP, including performing calculations and drawing up drawings.
The main provisions of the current domestic regulatory and technical documentation in the field of water-foam AUP are described in detail.
An algorithm for hydraulic calculation of AUP hydraulic networks, irrigation intensity, specific flow rate, flow rate and pressure of the distribution pipeline section of water and foam AUP is described. An algorithm for calculating the specific consumption of water curtains created by general-purpose sprinklers is presented.
The educational and methodological manual complies with the main provisions of the current scientific and technical documentation in the field of AUP and can be
Regulatory documentation database: www.complexdoc.ru
useful for training employees of organizations designing automatic fire extinguishing installations. The manual may be of interest to business managers and engineering staff specializing in the field of automatic fire protection of facilities.
The author-compilers are grateful to JSC "Cosmi" and JSC "Engineering Center - Spetsavtomatika" for the submitted design materials, which are used in appendices 10 - 12 of this manual.
SECTION 1. NORMS AND RULES FOR DESIGNING WATER AND FOAM AUP
1. TRADITIONAL WATER AND FOAM FIRE FIGHTING UNITS
1.1. General provisions
1.1.1. Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations (AUP) should be designed taking into account GOST
12.1.019, GOST 12.3.046, GOST 12.4.009, GOST 15150, GOST R 50588, GOST R 50680, GOST R 50800, NPB 03-93, NPB 88-2001, NPB 110-99*, SNiP 2.04 .02- 84*, SNiP 11-01-95, SNiP 21.01-97*
and other regulatory documents in force in this area, as well as the construction features of protected buildings, premises and structures, the possibility and conditions for the use of fire extinguishing agents, based on the nature of the production process.
1.1.2. The provisions set out in this section do not apply to the design of automatic fire extinguishing installations:
Regulatory documentation database: www.complexdoc.ru
- buildings and structures designed according to special standards;
- technological installations located outside buildings;
- warehouse buildings with mobile shelving;
- warehouse buildings for storing products in aerosol packaging;
- warehouse buildings with a cargo storage height of more than 5.5 m.
1.1.3. The provisions set out in this section do not apply to the design of fire extinguishing installations intended for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331).
A also chemically active substances and materials, including:
- reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);
- decomposing upon interaction with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of flammable gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides);
- interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);
- spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).
1.1.4. The protection of external technological installations with the handling of explosive and fire hazardous substances and materials by automatic fire extinguishing installations is determined by departmental regulatory documents agreed with the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and approved in the prescribed manner.
1.1.6. Installations for reliability of power supply must be treated in accordance with PUE for category I pantographs.
1.1.7. AUP according to GOST 12.4.009 must be safe
V operation, during installation and commissioning for maintenance personnel and persons working in the protected area.
Regulatory documentation database: www.complexdoc.ru
1.1.8. The design of the electrical equipment included in the AUP must comply with the operating requirements and the category of the protected premises in terms of fire and explosion hazard and aggressiveness of the environment according to PUE-98, GOST
12.2.003, GOST 12.2.007.0, GOST 12.4.009, GOST 12.1.019.
1.1.9. AUP should provide:
- triggering within a time not exceeding the duration of the initial stage of fire development (critical time of free fire development) according to GOST 12.1.004;
- required irrigation intensity or specific consumption of fire extinguishing agent;
- extinguishing a fire in order to eliminate it or localize a fire during the time necessary for the deployment of operational forces and means;
- required operational reliability.
1.1.10. Automatic fire extinguishing installations must simultaneously perform the functions of an automatic fire alarm. In sprinkler installations, to perform this function, liquid flow indicators can be used, and in the absence of the latter, pressure sensors on the control units.
1.1.11. The type of installation and fire extinguishing agent must be selected depending on the technological, structural and space-planning features of protected buildings and premises, in accordance with current regulatory documents, as well as taking into account the fire hazard and physical-chemical properties of produced, stored and used substances and materials, a feasibility study for the use of fire extinguishing agents, the use of which may have a harmful effect on materials , devices and equipment located in protected premises.
1.1.12. The speed of water movement in the supply and distribution pipelines of the AUP should not exceed 10 m/s. The speed of water movement in the pipelines of fire hydrants (if the AUP water supply system is combined with an internal fire-fighting water supply system) must correspond to the recommended values given in table. I.1.1. Permissible speed
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the movement of water through fire hydrants should not exceed 2.5 m/s.
Table I.1.1
Speed of water movement in the pipeline
Water movement speed, m/s, with pipe diameter, mm |
|||||||||||
Water consumption, l/s |
|||||||||||
Note: Recommended values of water velocity in the pipeline are shown in bold.
1.1.13. Water and water-foaming agents must not be used to extinguish the following materials:
- organoaluminum compounds (explosive reaction);
- organolithium compounds; lead azide; alkali metal carbides; hydrides of a number of metals - aluminum, magnesium, zinc; calcium, aluminum, barium carbides (decomposition with release of flammable gases);
- sodium hydrosulfite (spontaneous combustion);
- sulfuric acid, thermites, titanium chloride (strong exothermic effect);
- sodium peroxide, fats, oils, petrolatum (intensified combustion as a result of emission, splashing, boiling).
1.1.14. When installing fire extinguishing installations in buildings and structures with separate rooms in them, where according to the standards only fire alarms are required, instead of it, taking into account The feasibility study may provide for the protection of these premises with fire extinguishing installations. In this case, the intensity of supply of the fire extinguishing agent should be taken as standard.
1.1.15. If the area of premises to be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations is 40%
And more than the total floor area of a building or structure, the equipment of the building or structure as a whole should be provided
FEDERAL AGENCY FOR TECHNICAL REGULATION AND METROLOGY
GOST R 532882009
NATIONAL
STANDARD
RUSSIAN
FEDERATION
Water and foam fire extinguishing installations
automatic
General technical requirements.
Test methods
Official publication
Standardinform
Preface
The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by Federal Law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002 “On Technical Regulation”, and the rules for applying national standards of the Russian Federation are GOST R 1.0-2004 “Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic provisions"
Standard information
1 DEVELOPED BY FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 “Fire Safety”
3 APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated February 18, 2009 No. 63-st
4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Information about changes to this standard is published in the annually published information index “National Standards”, and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly published information index “National Standards”. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index “National Standards”. Relevant information, notifications and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet
© Standardinform, 2009
This standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated or distributed as an official publication without permission from the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
1 Scope of application...................1
3 Terms and definitions...................2
4 Classification...................3
5 General technical requirements...................3
6 Safety and environmental requirements...................................5
7 Marking.........................5
8 Acceptance rules...................6
9 Test methods...................7
10 Packaging...................12
11 Completeness...................12
12 Transportation and storage......................13
Bibliography.........................14
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing systems
MODULAR AUTOMATIC WATER FIRE FIGHTING UNITS
General technical requirements.
Test methods
Automatic water and foam extinguishers systems. Automatic fire water mist spray extinguishers systems. Modules. General technical requirements. Test methods
Date of introduction - 2010-01-01 with the right of early application
1 area of use
This standard applies to modular fire extinguishing installations with finely sprayed water (MUPTV) or other liquid fire extinguishing agents (LFA), intended for extinguishing fires and used on the territory of the Russian Federation.
This standard does not apply to MUPTV intended to protect vehicles, as well as structures designed according to special standards.
This standard specifies the types, general technical requirements and test methods of MUPTV.
This standard uses normative references to the following standards:
GOST R 51043-2002 Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Sprinklers. General technical requirements. Test methods
GOST R 51105-97 Fuels for internal combustion engines. Unleaded gasoline. Specifications
GOST 9.014-78 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Temporary anti-corrosion protection of products. General requirements
GOST 9.032-74 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Paint and varnish coatings. Groups, technical requirements and designations
GOST 9.104-79 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Paint and varnish coatings. Groups of operating conditions
GOST 9.301-86 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. General requirements
GOST 9.302-88 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. Control methods
GOST 9.303-84 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. General requirements for selection
GOST 9.308-85 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. Accelerated corrosion test methods
GOST 9.311-87 Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. Method for assessing corrosion damage
GOST 12.0.004-90 System of occupational safety standards. Organization of occupational safety training. General provisions
Official publication
GOST 12.2.037-78 System of occupational safety standards. Fire equipment. Safety requirements
GOST 12.2.047-86 System of occupational safety standards. Fire equipment. Terms and Definitions
GOST 12.4.026-76 System of occupational safety standards. Signal colors and safety signs GOST 15.201-2000 System for developing and launching products into production. Products for industrial and technical purposes. The procedure for developing and putting products into production GOST 356-80 Fittings and pipeline parts. Conditional, test and working pressures. Series GOST 2405-88 Pressure gauges, vacuum gauges, pressure and vacuum gauges, pressure gauges, draft gauges and draft pressure gauges. General technical conditions
GOST 5632-72 High-alloy steels and corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant alloys. Stamps
GOST 8486-86. Softwood lumber. Technical specifications GOST 8510-86 Hot-rolled unequal steel angles. Assortment GOST 9569-79 Waxed paper. Technical specifications GOST 14192-96 Marking of cargo
GOST 15150-69 Machines, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation conditions regarding the impact of environmental climatic factors
GOST 18321-73 Statistical quality control. Methods for random selection of samples of piece goods
GOST 19433-88 Dangerous goods. Classification and labeling
GOST 21130-75 Electrical products. Grounding clamps and grounding signs. Design and dimensions
GOST 23852-79 Paint and varnish coatings. General requirements for selection for decorative properties GOST 25828-83 Normal reference heptane. Specifications
Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annually published information index “National Standards”, which was published as of January 1 of the current year , and according to the corresponding monthly information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replaced (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.
3 Terms and definitions
This standard uses terms in accordance with GOST 12.2.047, as well as the following terms with corresponding definitions:
3.1 water feeder MUPTV: A device that ensures operation of the installation with the calculated flow rate and pressure of water and/or aqueous solution specified in the technical documentation (TD) for a specified time.
3.2 shut-off and release device, ZPU: A shut-off device installed on a vessel (cylinder) and ensuring the release of fire extinguishing agent from it.
3.3 inertia of MUPTV: Time from the moment the controlled fire factor reaches the threshold of operation of the sensitive element of the fire detector, sprinkler or stimulating device until the start of supply of the fire extinguishing agent to the protected area.
3.4 low-inertia MUPTV: Installation with an inertia of no more than 3 s.
3.5 module: A device in the housing of which the functions of storing and supplying fire extinguishing agent are combined when a starting pulse acts on the module drive.
3.6 modular fire extinguishing installation with finely sprayed water, MUPTV: An installation consisting of one or more modules, united by a single fire detection and activation system, capable of independently performing the fire extinguishing function and located in the protected room or next to it.
3.7 Short-term MUPTV: Installation with an OTV supply time from 1 to 60 s.
3.8 Continuous action MUPTV: Installation with continuous supply of fire extinguishing agent during the operating time specified in the TD.
3.9 MUPTV of cyclic action: Installation that supplies OTV in a multiple feed-pause cycle.
3.10 sprinkler: A device designed to extinguish, localize or block a fire by spraying water and/or aqueous solutions.
3.11 fire extinguishing ability: The ability of MUPTV to provide extinguishing of model fires of certain classes and ranks.
3.12 duration of action: Time from the moment the expansion valve starts leaving the sprinkler until the end of supply.
3.13 working pressure Р„ ab: The pressure of the displacing gas in the vessel with the exhaust gas, which occurs during the normal course of the working process.
3.14 fire extinguishing agent consumption: The volume of water supplied by the MUPTV per unit time.
3.15 medium-inertia MUPTV: Installation with inertia from 3 to 180 s.
3.16 finely atomized flow of fire extinguishing agent: A droplet flow of fire extinguishing agent with an arithmetic mean droplet diameter of no more than 150 µm.
3.17 water combined fire extinguishing installation: An installation in which water or water with additives is used as a fire extinguishing agent in combination with various fire extinguishing gas compositions.
3.18 surface fire extinguishing installation with finely sprayed water: Installation that provides extinguishing of the burning surface of the protected premises (structure).
4 Classification
The general classification of water mist fire extinguishing installations is given in Table 1.
Table 1 - General classification of water mist fire extinguishing installations
The MUPTV designation must have the following structure:
MUPTV - XXX - X - XX - TD,
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
where 1 is the name of the product,
2 - volume of fire extinguishing agent filled into the MUPTV, dm 3,
3 - MUPTV type for water feeder (compressed gas (liquefied gas) - G, gas generator - GZ, combined - K),
4 - type of fire extinguishing agent (water - V, water with additives - VD, liquid fire extinguishing agents - Zh, gas-water mixture - GV, gas-liquid mixture - GZh),
5 - designation of the technical documentation in accordance with which the installation was manufactured, or the manufacturer.
Example of a symbol:
MUPTV - 250 - G - GV - TU... - modular fire extinguishing installation with finely sprayed water with an OTV volume of 250 dm 3, water feeder type - compressed gas (liquefied gas), OTV - gas-water mixture, manufactured in accordance with the specifications.
5 General technical requirements
5.1 MUPTV must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.2.037, this standard and TD approved in the prescribed manner.
5.2 MUPTV injection type must have a pressure gauge or pressure indicator with an operating range selected taking into account the temperature-pressure relationship. Zero value, nominal value (or
Designing fire extinguishing installations is quite a difficult task. Making a competent project and choosing the right equipment is sometimes not so easy, not only for novice designers, but also for engineers with experience. There are many objects with their own characteristics and requirements (or their complete absence in regulatory documents). Seeing the need among our clients, TC TAKIR developed a separate program in 2014 and began regularly conducting training on the design of fire extinguishing installations for specialists from different regions of Russia.
Training course “Design of fire extinguishing installations”
Why many students chose TC TAKIR and our fire extinguishing course:
- teachers are “not theorists”, but active experts involved by Companies in the design of fire protection equipment. Teachers know what problems specialists face in their work;
- We do not have the task of selling you equipment from a specific manufacturer or convincing you to include it in the project;
- Lectures discuss the requirements of the standards and the specifics of their application;
- we are aware of current changes in regulatory documents and legislative acts;
- Hydraulic calculations are discussed in detail in the classes;
- contacts received during training may be useful to students in their work. You can get an answer to your question faster by writing directly to the teacher by email.
Fire extinguishing design training is provided by:
Practical teachers with more than 10 years of experience in the design of fire extinguishing systems, representatives of VNIIPO and the State Fire Service Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, specialists from leading companies providing consulting services in the design of fire protection systems.
How to enroll in fire fighting courses:
Courses are held once a quarter. Training center staff advise you to sign up for them in advance by filling out an application on the website or by phone. After reviewing your application, staff will agree on a training date. Only after this you will be sent an invoice for payment and a contract.
Upon completion of the firefighting course, a certificate of advanced training is issued.
Training in the course designing fire extinguishing systems is carried out in the classes of the TAKIR training center in Moscow or with a visit to the Customer’s territory (for groups of 5 people).
Fire extinguishing system design training
Training program “Design of fire extinguishing installations” by day:
Day 1.
10.00-11.30 Construction of fire protection systems (FPS)
- Construction of fire detection systems. Operating principle.
- Fire detection systems and fire extinguishing installation control
- Fire detectors. Reception and control devices. Control devices for fire extinguishing installations.
11.30-13.00 Fire extinguishing installations (FUE). Basic terms and definitions for fire extinguishing systems.
- Basic terms and definitions. Classification of fire extinguishing devices according to purpose, type, type of fire extinguishing agent, response time, duration of action, nature of automation, etc.
- The main design features of each type of UPT.
14.00-15.15 Design of fire extinguishing installations. Requirements for design documentation
- Requirements for design documentation.
- The procedure for developing design documentation for UPT.
- A brief algorithm for selecting fire extinguishing installations in relation to the object of protection.
15.30-17.00 Introduction to the design of water fire extinguishing installations
- Classification, main components and elements of sprinkler and deluge fire extinguishing installations.
- General information on the design of water and foam UPTs and their technical means.
- Diagrams of water fire extinguishing installations and operation algorithm.
- The procedure for developing a task for designing a UPT.
Day 2.
10.00-13.00 Hydraulic calculation of water fire extinguishing installations:
— determination of water consumption and the number of sprinklers,
— determination of pipeline diameters, pressure at nodal points, pressure losses in pipelines, control unit and shut-off valves, flow rate at subsequent sprinklers within the protected area, determination of the total design flow rate of the installation.
14.00-17.00 Design of foam fire extinguishing installations
- Scope of application of foam fire extinguishing systems. System composition. Regulatory and technical requirements. Requirements for storage, use and disposal.
- Devices for producing foam of various expansion ratios.
- Foaming agents. Classification, application features, regulatory requirements. Types of dosing systems.
- Calculation of the amount of foaming agents for extinguishing low, medium and high expansion rates.
- Features of tank farm protection.
- The procedure for developing a task for designing an automatic control system.
- Standard design solutions.
Day 3.
10.00-13.00 Application of powder fire extinguishing systems
The main stages in the development of modern autonomous powder fire extinguishing systems. Fire extinguishing powders and principles of extinguishing. Powder fire extinguishing modules, types and features, areas of application. Operation of autonomous fire extinguishing systems based on powder modules.
The regulatory framework of the Russian Federation and the requirements for the design of powder fire extinguishing installations. Calculation methods for the design of modular fire extinguishing installations.
Modern methods of warning and control - types of fire and security alarms and control devices for automatic fire extinguishing systems. Wireless automatic fire extinguishing, alarm and warning system "Garant-R".
14.00-17.00 Management of fire extinguishing installations at the base based on S2000-ASPT and Potok-3N
- Functionality and design features.
- Features of gas, powder and aerosol extinguishing based on S200-ASPT. Gas and powder modules, features of monitoring the state of connected circuits.
- Control of fire extinguishing installations based on the Potok-3N device: pumping station equipment for sprinkler, deluge, foam fire extinguishing, fire water supply at industrial and civil facilities.
- Working with Orion-Pro automated workstation.
Day 4.
10.00-13.00 Design of gas fire extinguishing installations (part 1).
Selection of gas extinguishing agent. Features of the use of specific fire extinguishing agents - Freon, Inergen, CO2, Novec 1230. Market overview of other gaseous fire extinguishing agents.
Development of a design assignment. Type and composition of the design assignment. Specific subtleties.
Calculation of the mass of gas extinguishing agent. Calculation of the opening area for releasing excess pressure
14.00-17.00 Design of gas fire extinguishing installations (part 2). Practical lesson.
Development of an explanatory note. Basic technical solutions and concept of the future project. Selection and placement of equipment
Creation of working drawings. Where to start and what to pay attention to. Design of pipework. Calculation of hydraulic flows. Optimization methods. Demonstration of calculations. Experience in using programs on real objects.
Drawing up specifications for equipment and materials. Development of tasks for related sections.
Day 5.
10.00-12.00 Design of fire extinguishing installations with finely sprayed water (FW).
- Classification and principle of operation.
- Application area.
- Pipelines and fittings.
- Features of the design of fire extinguishing sprinkler installations of TRV with forced start-up.
- Standard design solutions.
12.00-15.00 Design of internal fire water supply (IVP).
Basic terms and definitions. Classification of ERV. Analysis of current international and domestic standards and regulatory documents. Main design features of ERV components. The most important nomenclature and parameters of ERW technical equipment. Main aspects of choosing ERW pumping units. Features of the ERW design of high-rise buildings. Brief algorithm for hydraulic calculation of ERW. Basic requirements for designing ERW and determining the distance between fire hydrants. Basic requirements for installation and operation of ERW.
15.30-16.30 Installation and comprehensive adjustment of AUP. NTD requirements for installation of AUPT.
Responsible persons, organization of installation supervision. Preparation of materials based on installation results. Features of acceptance into operation of AUPT. Documentation presented upon acceptance.
16.40-17.00
Final certification in the form of a test. Preparation of accounting documents. Issuance of certificates.
Training dates
| Training dates |
|---|
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Ufa State Aviation Technical University
Department of Fire Safety
Calculation and graphic work
Topic: Calculation of automatic water fire extinguishing installation
Supervisor:
department assistant
“Fire Safety” Gardanova E.V.
Executor
student of group PB-205 vv
Gafurova R.D.
Gradebook No. 210149
Ufa, 2012
Exercise
In this work, it is necessary to make an axonometric diagram of a water automatic fire extinguishing system, indicating on it the sizes and diameters of pipe sections, locations of sprinklers and the necessary equipment.
Carry out hydraulic calculations for selected pipeline diameters. Determine the design flow rate of an automatic water fire extinguishing installation.
Calculate the pressure that the pumping station must provide and select equipment for the pumping station.
fire extinguishing installation pipeline pressure
annotation
The RGR course “Industrial and fire automatics” is aimed at solving specific problems in the installation and maintenance of fire automatics installations.
This paper shows ways to apply theoretical knowledge to solve engineering problems related to the creation of fire protection systems for buildings.
During the work:
technical and regulatory documentation regulating the design, installation and operation of fire extinguishing installations was studied;
a method of technological calculations is given to ensure the required parameters of the fire extinguishing installation;
shows the rules for using technical literature and regulatory documents on the creation of fire protection systems.
Carrying out RGR contributes to the development of students' independent work skills and the formation of a creative approach to solving engineering problems related to the creation of fire protection systems for buildings.
annotation
Introduction
Initial data
Calculation formulas
Basic principles of fire extinguishing installation
1 Operating principle of the pumping station
2 Operating principle of a sprinkler system
Design of a water fire extinguishing installation. Hydraulic calculation
Equipment selection
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction
Automatic water fire extinguishing systems are currently the most widespread. They are used over large areas to protect shopping and multifunctional centers, administrative buildings, sports complexes, hotels, businesses, garages and parking lots, banks, energy facilities, military and special-purpose facilities, warehouses, residential buildings and cottages.
My version of the assignment presents a facility for the production of alcohols and ethers with utility rooms, which, in accordance with clause 20 of Table A.1 of Appendix A of Code of Practice 5.13130.2009, regardless of the area, must have an automatic fire extinguishing system. In accordance with the requirements of this table, it is not necessary to equip the remaining utility rooms of the facility with an automatic fire extinguishing system. The walls and ceilings are reinforced concrete.
The main types of fire loads are alcohols and ethers. In accordance with the table, we decide that it is possible to use a foaming agent solution for extinguishing.
The main fire load in a facility with a room height of 4 meters comes from the repair area, which, in accordance with the table in Appendix B of the set of rules 5.13130.2009, belongs to group 4.2 of premises according to the degree of fire hazard, depending on their functional purpose and the fire load of combustible materials.
The facility does not have premises of categories A and B for explosion and fire hazards in accordance with SP 5.13130.2009 and explosive zones in accordance with the PUE.
To extinguish possible fires in the facility, taking into account the existing flammable load, it is possible to use a foaming agent solution.
To equip a facility for the production of alcohols and ethers, we will choose an automatic sprinkler-type foam fire extinguishing installation filled with a foaming agent solution. Foaming agents mean concentrated aqueous solutions of surfactants (surfactants) intended to produce special solutions of wetting agents or foam. The use of such foaming agents during fire extinguishing can significantly reduce the intensity of combustion within 1.5-2 minutes. The methods of influencing the source of ignition depend on the type of foaming agent used in the fire extinguisher, but the basic principles of operation are the same for all:
due to the fact that the foam has a mass significantly less than the mass of any flammable liquid, it covers the surface of the fuel, thereby suppressing the fire;
the use of water, which is part of the foaming agent, allows, within a few seconds, to reduce the temperature of the fuel to a level at which combustion becomes impossible;
the foam effectively prevents the hot fumes generated by the fire from spreading further, making re-ignition virtually impossible.
Thanks to these features, foam concentrates are actively used for fire extinguishing in the petrochemical and chemical industries, where there is a high risk of ignition of flammable and flammable liquids. These substances do not pose a threat to human health or life, and traces of them can be easily removed from premises.
1. Initial data
Hydraulic calculations are carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire extinguishing and alarm installations. Design standards and rules” according to the methodology set out in Appendix B.
The protected object is a room volume of 30x48x4m, in plan - a rectangle. The total area of the facility is 1440 m2.
We find the initial data for the production of alcohols and ethers in accordance with a certain group of premises from Table 5.1 of this set of rules in the section “Water and foam fire extinguishing installations”:
irrigation intensity - 0.17 l/(s*m2);
area for calculating water consumption - 180 m2;
minimum water consumption of fire extinguishing installation - 65 l/s;
the maximum distance between sprinklers is 3 m;
The selected maximum area controlled by one sprinkler is 12m2.
operating time - 60 min.
To protect the warehouse, we select the sprinkler SPO0-RUo(d)0.74-R1/2/P57(68,79,93,141,182).V3-"SPU-15" PO "SPETSAVTOMATIKA" with a performance coefficient k = 0.74 (according to technical .documentation for the sprinkler).
2. Calculation formulas
The estimated water flow through the dictating sprinkler located in the dictating protected irrigated area is determined by the formula
where q1 is the consumption of waste water through the dictating sprinkler, l/s; is the sprinkler performance coefficient accepted according to the technical documentation for the product, l/(s MPa0.5);
P - pressure in front of the sprinkler, MPa.
The flow rate of the first dictating sprinkler is the calculated value of Q1-2 in the section L1-2 between the first and second sprinklers
The diameter of the pipeline in section L1-2 is assigned by the designer or determined by the formula
where d1-2 is the diameter between the first and second sprinklers of the pipeline, mm; -2 is the waste water consumption, l/s;
μ - flow coefficient; - water movement speed, m/s (should not exceed 10 m/s).
The diameter is increased to the nearest nominal value according to GOST 28338.
Pressure loss P1-2 in section L1-2 is determined by the formula
where Q1-2 is the total flow rate of the first and second sprinklers, l/s; t is the specific characteristics of the pipeline, l6/s2;
A is the specific resistance of the pipeline, depending on the diameter and roughness of the walls, c2/l6.
The resistivity and specific hydraulic characteristics of pipelines for pipes (made of carbon materials) of various diameters are given in table B.1<#"606542.files/image005.gif">
The hydraulic characteristics of the rows, made structurally identical, are determined by the generalized characteristics of the design section of the pipeline.
The generalized characteristic of row I is determined from the expression
The pressure loss in section a-b for symmetrical and asymmetrical schemes is found using the formula.
The pressure at point b will be
Рb=Pa+Pa-b.
Water consumption from row II is determined by the formula
The calculation of all subsequent rows until the calculated (actual) water flow rate and the corresponding pressure are obtained is similar to the calculation of row II.
We calculate symmetrical and asymmetrical ring circuits in the same way as a dead-end network, but at 50% of the calculated water flow for each half-ring.
3. Basic principles of operation of a fire extinguishing installation
An automatic fire extinguishing installation consists of the following main elements: an automatic fire extinguishing pumping station with a system of inlet (suction) and supply (pressure) pipelines; - control units with a system of supply and distribution pipelines with sprinklers installed on them.
1 Operating principle of the pumping station
In standby mode, the supply and distribution pipelines of sprinkler systems are constantly filled with water and are under pressure, ensuring constant readiness to extinguish a fire. The jockey pump turns on when the pressure alarm is activated.
In the event of a fire, when the pressure on the jockey pump (in the supply pipeline) drops, when the pressure alarm is triggered, the working fire pump is turned on, providing full flow. At the same time, when the fire pump is turned on, a fire alarm signal is sent to the fire safety system of the facility.
If the electric motor of the working fire pump does not turn on or the pump does not provide the design pressure, then after 10 s the electric motor of the backup fire pump turns on. The impulse to turn on the backup pump is supplied from a pressure switch installed on the pressure pipeline of the working pump.
When the working fire pump is turned on, the jockey pump is automatically turned off. After the fire has been eliminated, the water supply to the system is stopped manually, for which the fire pumps are turned off and the valve in front of the control unit is closed.
3.2 Operating principle of the sprinkler system
If a fire occurs in the room protected by the sprinkler section and the air temperature rises above 68 "C, the thermal lock (glass bulb) of the sprinkler is destroyed. Water, which is under pressure in the distribution pipelines, pushes out the valve that blocks the outlet of the sprinkler, and it opens. Water from the sprinkler enters the room; the pressure in the network drops. When the pressure drops by 0.1 MPa, pressure alarms installed on the pressure pipeline are triggered, and a pulse is given to turn on the working pump.
The pump takes water from the city water supply network, bypassing the water metering unit, and supplies it to the piping system of the fire extinguishing installation. In this case, the jockey pump is automatically switched off. When a fire occurs on one of the floors, liquid flow detectors duplicate signals about the activation of the water fire extinguishing installation (thereby identifying the location of the fire) and simultaneously turn off the power supply system of the corresponding floor.
Simultaneously with the automatic activation of the fire extinguishing installation, signals about a fire, the activation of pumps and the start of operation of the installation in the appropriate direction are transmitted to the premises of the fire post with round-the-clock presence of operational personnel. In this case, the light alarm is accompanied by an audible alarm.
4. Design of a water fire extinguishing installation. Hydraulic calculation
Hydraulic calculations are carried out for the most remote and highly located (“dictating”) sprinkler under the condition that all sprinklers that are furthest from the water feeder and mounted on the design area are activated.
We outline the routing of the pipeline network and the layout plan for sprinklers and select the dictating protected irrigated area on the hydraulic plan diagram of the AUP, on which the dictating sprinkler is located, and carry out a hydraulic calculation of the AUP.
Determination of the estimated water flow over the protected area.
The determination of flow and pressure in front of the “dictating sprinkler” (flow at point 1 on the diagram in Appendix 1) is determined by the formula:
=k √ H
The flow rate of the “dictating” sprinkler must ensure the standard irrigation intensity, therefore:
min = I*S=0.17 * 12 = 2.04 l/s, thus Q1 ≥ 2.04 l/s
Note. When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the number of sprinklers protecting the calculated area. On a calculated area of 180 m2 there are 4 rows of 5 and 4 sprinklers, the total flow rate must be at least 60 l/s (see Table 5.2 SP 5.13130.2009 for 4.2 group of premises). Thus, when calculating the pressure in front of the “dictating” sprinkler, it is necessary to take into account that in order to ensure the minimum required flow rate of the fire extinguishing installation, the flow rate (and therefore the pressure) of each sprinkler will have to be increased. That is, in our case, if the flow rate from the sprinkler is taken equal to 2.04 l/s, then the total flow rate of 18 sprinklers will be approximately equal to 2.04 * 18 = 37 l/s, and taking into account the different pressure in front of the sprinklers it will be slightly more, but this value does not correspond to the required flow rate of 65 l/s. Thus, it is necessary to select the pressure in front of the sprinkler so that the total flow rate of 18 sprinklers located on the design area is more than 65 l/s. For this: 65/18=3.611, i.e. the flow rate of the dictating sprinkler should be more than 3.6 l/s. Having carried out several variants of calculations in the draft, we determine the required pressure in front of the “dictating” sprinkler. In our case, H=24 m.v.s.=0.024 MPa.
(1) =k √ H= 0.74√24= 3.625 l/s;
Let's calculate the diameter of the pipeline in a row using the following formula:
From where we get, at a water flow speed of 5 m/s, the value d = 40 mm and take the value of 50 mm for the reserve.
Pressure loss in section 1-2: dH(1-2)= Q(1) *Q(1) *l(1-2) / Km= 3.625*3.625*6/110=0.717 m.w.s.= 0.007MPa;
To determine the flow rate from the 2nd sprinkler, we calculate the pressure in front of the 2nd sprinkler:
H(2)=H(1)+ dH(1-2)=24+0.717=24.717 m.v.s.
Flow from the 2nd sprinkler: Q(2) =k √ H= 0.74√24.717= 3.679 l/s;
Pressure loss in section 2-3: dH(2-3)= (Q(1) + Q(2))*(Q(1) + Q(2))*l(2-3) / Km= 7.304* 7.304*1.5/110=0.727 m.v. With;
Pressure at point 3: Н(3)=Н(2)+ dH(2-3)= 24.717+0.727=25.444 m.v.s;
The total flow rate of the right branch of the first row is Q1 + Q2 = 7.304 l/s.
Since the right and left branches of the first row are structurally identical (2 sprinklers each), the flow rate of the left branch will also be equal to 7.304 l/s. The total flow rate of the first row is Q I = 14.608 l/s.
The flow rate in point 3 is divided in half, since the supply pipeline is made as a dead end. Therefore, when calculating pressure losses in section 4-5, the flow rate of the first row will be taken into account. Q(3-4) = 14.608 l/s.
We will accept the value d=150 mm for the main pipeline.
Pressure loss in section 3-4:
(3-4)=Q(3)*Q(3)*l(3-4)/Km= 14.608 *14.608 *3/36920=0.017 m.v. With;
Pressure at point 4: Н(4)=Н(3)+ dH(3-4)= 25.444+0.017=25.461 m.v. With;
To determine the flow rate of the 2nd row, it is necessary to determine coefficient B:
That is, B= Q(3)*Q(3)/H(3)=8.39
Thus, the consumption of the 2nd row is equal to:
II= √8, 39*24.918= 14.616 l/s;
Total flow rate from 2 rows: QI +QII = 14.608+14.616 =29.224 l/s;
Similarly, I find (4-5)=Q(4)*Q(4)*l(4-5)/Km= 29.224 *29.224*3/36920=0.069 m.v. With;
Pressure at point 5: Н(5)=Н(4)+ dH(4-5)= 25.461+0.069=25.53 m. With;
Since the next 2 rows are asymmetrical, we find the consumption of the 3rd row as follows:
That is, B= Q(1)*Q(1)/H(4)= 3.625*3.625/25.461=0.516lev= √0.516 * 25.53= 3.629 l/s;(5)= 14.616 +3.629 =18.245 l /s= Q(5)*Q(5)/H(5)=13.04III= √13.04 * 25.53= 18.24 l/s;
Total flow rate from 3 rows: Q (3 rows) = 47.464 l/s;
Pressure loss in section 5-6:(5-6)=Q (6) *Q (6) *l(5-6)/Km= 47.464 *47.464 *3/36920=0.183 m.v. With;
Pressure at point 6: Н(6)=Н(5)+ dH(5-6)= 25.53+0.183=25.713 m.v. With;
IV= √13.04 * 25.713= 18.311 l/s;
Total flow rate from 4 rows: Q(4 rows) =65.775 l/s;
Thus, the calculated flow rate is 65.775 l/s, which meets the requirements of regulatory documents >65 l/s.
The required pressure at the beginning of the installation (near the fire pump) is calculated from the following components:
pressure in front of the “dictating” sprinkler;
pressure loss in the distribution pipeline;
pressure loss in the supply pipeline;
pressure loss in the control unit;
difference in elevation between the pump and the “dictating” sprinkler.
Pressure loss in the control unit:
.water.st.,
The required pressure that the pumping unit must provide is determined by the formula:
tr=24+4+8.45+(9.622)*0.2+9.622 =47.99 m.v.s.=0.48 MPa
Total water consumption for sprinkler fire extinguishing: (4 rows) = 65.775 l/s = 236.79 m3/h
Required pressure:
tr = 48 m.v.s. = 0.48 MPa
5. Equipment selection
Calculations were carried out taking into account the selected sprinkler SPOO-RUoO,74-R1/2/R57.VZ-“SPU-15”-bronze with an outlet diameter of 15 mm.
Taking into account the specifics of the facility (a unique multifunctional building with a large number of people), the complex pipeline system of the internal fire-fighting water supply system, the pumping unit is selected with a supply pressure reserve.
The extinguishing time is 60 minutes, which means that 234,000 liters of water must be supplied.
The design solution selected is the Irtysh-TsMK pump 150/400-55/4 speed 1500 rpm, which has a reserve of both H = 48 m.v.s. and Q. of the pump = 65 m.
The operating characteristics of the pump are shown in the figure.
Conclusion
This RGR presents the results of the studied methods for designing automatic fire extinguishing installations, and the calculations necessary for designing an automatic fire extinguishing installation.
Based on the results of hydraulic calculations, the placement of sprinklers was determined in order to achieve a water flow rate for fire extinguishing in the protected area of 65 l/s. To ensure the standard intensity of irrigation, a pressure of 48 m.w.c. will be required.
The equipment for the installations was selected based on the standard minimum irrigation intensity, calculated flow rates and required pressure.
Bibliography
1 SP 5.13130.2009. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules.
Federal Law No. 123 - Federal Law “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” dated July 22, 2008
Design of water and foam automatic fire extinguishing installations / L.M. Meshman, S.G. Tsarichenko, V.A. Bylinkin, V.V. Aleshin, R.Yu. Gubin; edited by N.P. Kopylova. - M: VNIIPO EMERCOM of the Russian Federation, 2002.-413 p.
Websites of manufacturers of fire-fighting equipment