Russian-speaking dialects: features of speech in different regions. Different regions speak different words Different words in different cities

Found something interesting.

Read Temko Moskvich or provincial? and there is a test to determine belonging to the native Muscovites. This is how they define those who come in large numbers from the natives, and Muscovites from Petersburgers. And it is written that the recognition accuracy is at the level. You can check anyone. And then you can easily calculate from which region.
Ah, I think I'll check it out...
And sure enough! All right. My answer corresponds to the place of birth :))

Continue the sentence "Greedy beef - ...

1. You chose the first option- my congratulations you Muscovite! ("Greedy-beef, Turkish drum, Who plays it - Vanka cockroach." Instead of Vanka, you can have any other name, the one who was teased. Distributed mainly in Moscow and the Moscow region.

2. You chose the second option - you are definitely not a Muscovite!(Greedy beef. Pickled cucumber. Lying on the floor. Nobody eats it. Very familiar from childhood. It is predominant in a significant part of Central Russia, in the South, in the Lower and part of the Middle Volga region, in Siberia, Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia and Kazakhstan.)

3. You have chosen the third option - you are not a Muscovite, you are a Petersburger!(Cultural people say this: Greedy beef, Empty chocolate, Stuffed with sausages, So as not to be angry. Prevails in St. Petersburg, Karelia, Nizhny Novgorod region and Estonia, also known in the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia, the Far East, Ukraine and in Moldavia.)

“Cook me a wrinkle, otherwise I bought a fork” - an ordinary provincial Muscovite, this puts me into a stupor no worse than a curb or a sucker. Or here - tights.

21 regions of our great and mighty Motherland are gathered here. The most popular words are unknown to many, but known in their own region or region. Many I hear for the first time. Let's offer words that are known only in your region. Here from me what is this - "gyro"? I'll go buy a white bun, and fry the blue ones.

As they say in...

Altai region
Let's start with the Altai Territory. Here (however, as in all of Siberia), the transparent file familiar to us is called ... “multiphora”. This is probably from the Latin "Multifora", which translates as "having many holes." Or simply from the name of the Multifor company, which actively promoted its products beyond the Urals. Be that as it may, do not be alarmed when you hear this unusual word.
But be scared if you are: a) a woman and b) you were called a “pucker”. So here they say only in relation to the pests. "Victoria" here and in other Siberian cities is called all kinds of garden strawberries.
The locals call a puddle “Lyva”, “gomonkom” - a wallet, “kulema” - a slow person, “hedgehogs” - meatballs, “crushed” - mashed potatoes, “shanezhka” - buns, “pimami” - winter shoes, and “okolokom” - area of ​​the settlement.
If they ask you, “Why did you unload?”, then they reproach you with slowness. But the sonorous word "chius" here dubbed the piercing wind.

Bashkiria
"Full apraghan!" - a colorful phrase that they like to use in Bashkria. "Aptragan" - they say here instead of the boring "nightmare", "kapets" and other synonyms for the well-known obscene word. It comes from the Bashkir verb "aptyrarga". It translates as "to be in difficulty, confusion, bewilderment."
Here you can be invited to "sabantuy". Actually, this is the name of the Bashkir and Tatar holiday of the plow, which ends all spring agricultural affairs. But at other times of the year - why should a good word go to waste? So they use "sabantuy" in the meaning of "assembly", "crowd".
In Bashkiria and Tatarstan, "aida" is also often used in the meaning of "come on, let's go." This is from the Turkic verb "to drive", "to urge", "to hurry".

Bryansk region
The Bryansk region borders on two states - Ukraine and Belarus. That is why the local dialect is an "explosive" mixture of Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages, generously seasoned with the professional jargon of ancient and current folk craftsmen.
Here, for example, the mess here is often called "gain", sheep's wool, from which felt boots are made ("felted") - "vovnoy", beets - "beetroot" (this vegetable is called beetroot or beetroot in many southern regions of Russia, in Belarus , Poland and Ukraine), onions - “red mullet”, moonshine - “gardeman”, and borscht - completely “wrinkle”.
“Mahotka” is a small clay jug in the Bryansk region, “skrygotnik” is a train. A man here can be called a "chuz", a villager - a "jack". And if they want to offend, they will say "shmurak" (the same "fool"). If it is necessary to make peace, they can use the phrase "klopot". It's something like "well, okay!" And be careful, non-locals here can be called "suckers." You should not be offended ... Better learn these words - you will pass for your own!
Note that most of the words given are from the language of the Bryansk Shapovals.

Vladivostok
Let's move on to the Far East. In Vladivostok, for example, they often go to “chifanki”. These are Chinese eateries and cafes.
And the usual word for us "to splice" is used here in unusual meanings. You can splice jeans in the store ("get it, find it"). And you can not splice what we are talking about here (in the meaning of "understand").
The word "beacon" means "let you know." For example, you may be asked to "beacon" when you are free. And if you are asked to “load” a newspaper along the way, then we are talking about buying. It's worse if they tell you not to "shit". This means that you are suspected of idleness. Or not “perform” (may mean “show off”).
"Points" in Vladivostok are called hard-to-reach places, remote areas of the city, "shugan" - something terrible, "Zusman" - cold, "seagulls" - lovers of freebies, "nabka" - the embankment.
The word "lantern" is used here in the meaning of "very simple", and "umatno" - "funny, excellent." If you also like Vladivostok words, then the locals would shake you a crab (“I shake a crab” is “I shake my hand”).

Volgograd region
The Volgograd region is very rich in local buzzwords! And yes, they are funny. For example, many Volgograd residents (mostly elderly people) call a dried pear ... “dulki”. Old-timers still often say: "Cut me a sausage carriage." The word "carriage" in this case means - a piece. And the early herring (spring) was disowned here as a “crease”. And to end the conversation about food, let's say about the word "kaymak" common in Volgograd. It is not from Volgograd, it came to these parts from the Caucasus, but it has taken root in the region. "Kaymak" is sour cream baked in the oven or oven.
And the back of the bed is called the "bed" here! Volgograd residents can often recommend that you do not climb "in the bushes." Don't be scared. "Kushari" means bushes, dense thickets or a dark, scary place that is best avoided. That is, they wish you well, and not just scare you with strange words ...
A purely Volgograd word is “spread”. This is the name of a clumsy person who has everything falling out of his hands. And the bun, in which women often collect their hair, is called “kulya” in Volgograd. Moreover, in different regions they even emphasize differently: in the south they say kulya, but in the northern regions it is already kulya.

Izhevsk
“Go this way, go this way” - this is how they can explain the way to you in Izhevsk. Calm! Everything is very simple to understand - you just need to remove the preposition "by". So you will get to the famous Monument of Friendship of Peoples.
The word "odnerka" in Izhevsk is used in the meaning of "one", "unit". Initially, this was the name of the tram that runs along route No. 1. But then it stuck.
"Kaganka" ("kagonka") here they call a baby or an infant. The word comes from the common people "kaga" (Permian) - a child, a baby.
The funny word "kuteshata" ("kutyata") here is called puppies. Most likely, it came from the word "curly".
No less funny "poppy" is called kids or cute people. It's such a compliment. Another praise is "chebery" (meaning - beautiful, wonderful, bright). And if you hear “let me love you!”, that's it - you won someone's heart. "Love" - ​​hug, kiss, show affection.
And even small bottles with an alcohol-containing liquid in Izhevsk were dubbed the touching word “fufyrik” (usually they ask for a bottle with “Hawthorn Tincture” in a pharmacy).
Good luck here wish the phrase "come on" (emphasis on the second syllable). This is something like "no fluff, no feather."
Another interesting point. In Izhevsk, instead of "why" the word "why" is used. In this case, the Udmurt language influenced Russian - in Udmurt, the words “why” and “why” are the same root, so it doesn’t matter which one to use. Therefore, do not be too surprised if you hear: “For some reason I didn’t recognize you on the street ...”

Irkutsk region
There are many words in Irkutsk that are unusual for the inhabitants of European Russia! Some of them are quite ancient, of Turkic origin (here the situation is similar to Ufa and Kazan), because the first inhabitants of Siberia were Turkic-speaking peoples. Some remained from the first Russian settlers. Part - from the Buryat population. There are some very fresh options too. For example, "avtozimnik" (a road for driving in winter), "shankhayka" - a market where the Chinese and Kyrgyz trade. And relatively recent, from the war - take at least the curse "Japanese god!" (used when something fails).
Here, as in Tatarstan, the word "aida" is used in the sense of "let's go" (from the Turkic әydә). A bad person in Irkutsk can be called a "stramina". If you make a noisy brawl, then you will be asked not to “butter”. If you scream heart-rendingly - do not "bazlat". But if they say: “Enough of“ plaiting ”, then this is in a sense a compliment. So you work hard.
It's funny, but if in Irkutsk you are invited to "tea", then do not think that they will simply give you tea at a party. No, "to tea" here means "to dine." And if they say that they will come to visit you “ordinary”, then you should not worry where to put your dear guest to sleep. "To go as usual" means - not for long, in one day.
Outskirts are called "backsides" here. "Flock" - a barn. "Verkhonka" - a work mitten, "vehotka" - a washcloth. And a simple head of cabbage in the Irkutsk region bears the proud name of "forks".
If you are offered "poses", do not fantasize. This is just a dish of Buryat cuisine, vaguely reminiscent of dumplings. And “gorloder” is not a curse, but a hot sauce made from tomatoes twisted with garlic.

Kirov region
The Kirov region has long been famous for its marvelous Vyatka dialect. Here and the manner of pronouncing sounds, and placing stress in words - everything is different! And, of course, there are specific Vyatka words.
Among the most popular words in Vyatka are “Basco”, “Basque”. It means beautiful, beautiful or good, good. In Kirov, an attractive girl hears admiration after her: “What a Baska!” But if the young lady is windy, fickle, she will be called here with condemnation "posyushka".
The word "puzzle" (emphasis on the second syllable) in Vyatka is used in relation to children who run quickly and without stopping, rush. "Snort" means to quickly eat something (has a condemning intonation). “Vengat” is whining, pestering, begging for something from adults. And "dirty" is to show off while eating.
If the inhabitants of Vyatka want to scold you, but not much, they can say: “You are still that nail!”. The curse here, of course, is “nail” (emphasis on the first syllable).

Krasnodar region
Our linguistic journey through Russia led us to the warm and cozy Kuban.
"Blue" - this is how eggplants are often called in the south. The vegetable got its sonorous nickname simply because of its blue-violet color.
"Garbuz" locals call a pumpkin. This is the Ukrainian version of the name of the fetus. They call it in the Kuban so, because the basis of many local dialects is the Ukrainian language. After all, many immigrants from Nezalezhnaya live in the region.
Zherdela is an apricot. This is the original Kuban name for this fruit. Formed from the words "pole", "pole". As a rule, small fruits hanging on long branches are called poles. And “apricot” is the same apricot, only with peculiarities of local pronunciation. According to the researchers, residents use the name of the fruit in the feminine gender for convenience. Thus, it is easier for them to divide the word into open syllables.

Krasnoyarsk region
If you are going to Siberia, gentlemen, keep in mind that it is even indecent to say “what” here. Do you want to be recognized as your own? Choke! And if they don’t understand you, the opponent doesn’t agree or you don’t understand his logic, proudly “cut off” in response to the classic Siberian “what’s the point”.
And if you want to give the story dynamics, use the expression - “toshi-boshi” and its synonymous “pyrym-pyrym”. That's just for a bunch of words.
As in many Siberian cities, Krasnoyarsk residents use a milestone instead of a “washcloth”. And the “t-shirt” here is a small plastic bag, the “hangers” are a clothes hanger, the “flock” is a barn, “short” is rubbed.
Russians, especially those from St. Petersburg, are also confused by another local expression “a loaf of bread”, which means “one loaf of bread”. For Petersburgers, rolls are white bread.
By the way, Krasnoyarsk students and teachers call classes at the university “ribbons”. Why not "couple"? The linguists shrug. Moreover, in neighboring Khakassia they only speak "couple". And here's what else is curious, the "tape" is used in Ukraine, for example, in Dnepropetrovsk. There are other words that are common to Krasnoyarsk and Ukrainians. There is a popular assumption that the vocabulary of Siberians in the middle of the last century was replenished by graduates of Ukrainian universities who came to the Komsomol construction sites.

Nizhny Novgorod Region
The original Nizhny Novgorod dialect can now be heard, perhaps, in villages and villages. But even those words in which the locals do not see anything special, visitors can be confused.
Here, for example, the phrase: "Tea, I'll have time." A guest from the capital will think that someone is simply in no hurry to drink tea. Meanwhile, the word "tea" in the meaning of "I hope, probably" has long become a litmus test - you hear it from a person and understand that he is from the Lower. It came from the obsolete verb "to look forward to" - to hope, to expect.
The word "do" has different meanings in different parts of our country. For example, in Veliky Novgorod, with which Nizhny is always confused, “to do” is used in the meaning of “spoil, soil”. And Nizhny Novgorod residents may well ask you to “make a TV”. That is, "arrange, adjust, fix."
Or here’s another phrase: “Imagine, Lead, they bought a sofa, but it won’t be removed!”. Any Muscovite will be speechless: what kind of miracle of technology is this - a sofa that puts things in order by itself. But any Nizhny Novgorod resident will explain to him that the point is not at all in the fantastic talents of local engineers, but in the fact that a huge sofa does not fit in a typical kitchen of 9 square meters. Here the word "get out" is used in the sense of "fit into something."
And if you go out on the streets of Nizhny Novgorod with a saucepan on your head, then do not be surprised at the phrase "some kind of Lyakhovsky." The fact is, there is the village of Lyakhovo. He became famous once a colony for the mentally ill. The colony gradually turned into the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Psychoneurological Hospital. And among the residents of Nizhny Novgorod, the word "Lyakhovsky" has stuck as a synonym for clouding the mind.

Omsk region
But, let's say you are in the Omsk region. Arriving to look at the Assumption Cathedral, you will immediately be offended if you are asked: “What are you doing? From the first line, or what? Because "from the first line" means "fool". The fact is that in Omsk on Kuibyshev Street (after it comes the 2nd Line, but there is no 1st Line) there is a regional psychiatric hospital.
But if you are offered to "scream", it is better to agree. “Scream” is an Omsk synonym for the word “laugh”. Such a local rethinking of the word is a mystery shrouded in darkness.
Meanwhile, any funny, funny moment, phrase here is called "plum" (and sometimes also "crust"). With "plum" the situation is a little clearer. There is an opinion that in this sense the word came into use by Omsk people from warm regions, where “plum” is sometimes used in the meaning of “beautiful”.
Another interesting local word is "choice". So in Omsk they call any instant noodles. It's just that the Chinese-made Choice products were the first to enter the local market. This is how it got used...

Perm region
In the harsh Urals of strange words - a cloud! There is even a whole dictionary "In Perm speaking". It contains almost three hundred words and expressions that distinguish Permians. We present only a few of them.
"Arguing" in Perm means to quarrel, swear, scandal. "Baragozit" - to be naughty, to be naughty. "Varega" is called a mitten (somehow they have no tenderness ...) But the chin was affectionately dubbed - "pigs".
“To burn” is to mess around, to do something for a long time. With a similar meaning, the word "mohat" - to delay. "Zyurgat" - sip noisily when eating or drinking. And "kerkat" - to cough.
Sorrel is called “sour”, a round bun with crushed potatoes is called “shanga”, and pies with meat filling are called “posikunchiki”.
Interestingly, the word "everything" in Perm is a synonym for "of course" (in the sense of approval and consent).
You can tense up if you are called "Dunka from Bakharevka." This expression is used to describe a strange, abnormal, exotic-looking young lady.

Pskov region
If you go to the Pskov region, do not be alarmed when you hear the letter “c” instead of the usual “h” in familiar words. There was even such a proverb here: “from Opotsky there are three verstotskas and one jump in the barrel ...”. And here the influence of Belarusian, Latvian, Estonian languages ​​is very strong. Why? Yes, because the Pskov region borders on these countries. Pskovians often call a bag a “sack”, and a rooster “peun” - all these are words from the Belarusian language.
In the swamps, they collect "crane" - cranberries. The word, as strange as it may seem, comes from the already obsolete Estonian kuremari (in translation - “crane berry”).
And another berry of the Pskov forests is called "gonobobel" or "drunkard". It's about blueberries. It is believed that she is called a “drunkard” because of the bogulnik, among which the berry is harvested. And the word "gonobobel" came from "gonobol" - the same bogulnik is capable of causing headaches and dizziness.
Pskov grandmothers knit diyanki for their grandchildren. That's what the mittens are called. This word comes from the verb "put on".

Samara Region
Every self-respecting Samaran every day utters a bunch of incomprehensible words not from this city. For example, "kurmish". It's a distant place, a slum. The word came from the name of the Volga Tatar town of the same name Kurmyshi, all the inhabitants of which in the 17th century were evicted by order of the tsar for eternal housing in Korsun, and the town was immediately empty and turned into an abandoned place.
Here you can also find the word "lytki" in relation to the calves of the legs. And "gomonok" - about the wallet. However, the word "homonok" can often be heard in Siberia as well. There is a version that it came from the "hub" - the sound that the wallet made when a change was carried in it.

St. Petersburg
About the peculiarities of the speech of Petersburgers, perhaps, everyone has heard enough. Therefore, here are just a few important clarifications. Here, for example, the word "badlon" (bodlon and banlon are allowed). We will not torment you - these are just thin sweaters with a high neck. In Moscow they are often called turtlenecks. In the Soviet Union, the fashion for them came in the 60s. And the first in the USSR such sweaters were brought by Leningrad black marketeers. The labels then had the inscription "100% ban-lon" (banlon - the name of the material). By the 80s, "banlon" had changed to "badlon". Over time, proximity to the original source throughout the country lost its meaning and other names were used. But Petersburgers remained faithful to the original.
And now about the "curb". Perhaps none of the Muscovites and Petersburgers will tell you exactly where the place between the two cities is located, where the curb (separating stone between the sidewalk and the roadway) turns into a curb. But the builders have an exact answer, how these words differ. Curb - if the stone is set with an edge and a step is formed. Border - if it is dug in with the side part up so that the step is not formed. There is no fundamental difference in the meaning of these words, but it was the curb that took root in St. Petersburg, but the Muscovites borrowed the French word.
As for the front door. Recall that in tsarist times the main entrance to the house was called the main staircase. Over time, the second word disappeared and just the front door remained. Petersburgers are sure that the word "entrance" is absolutely wrong. It is used, but indicates a place on the street through which you can drive up to the house. After all, the entrance is only outside - you can’t drive inside the house - neither by carriage, nor by car. And if you enter the houses in the historical center of St. Petersburg, you will immediately understand that these luxurious staircases simply cannot be called an entrance. These are the most front doors.
And, of course, it is worth mentioning that chicken in the northern capital is called “chicken”, a minibus is called “teshka”, and shawarma is called “shawarma”. And the utility bill is often “affectionately” called “fat”.

Sakhalin
Let's move on to the mysterious Sakhalin. The local language was naturally influenced by proximity to Asia.
For example, noodles on Sakhalin are called the funny word "kuksa". This is a Korean dish, the Koreans themselves pronounce it as "kuksi". And the Far East adapted the word and now apply it to any instant noodles. So don’t roll your eyes too much if they ask you here in a friendly way: “Will you be Kuksu?”
Another word is "argamak". This is an ordinary snow scooter: skis, seat and steering wheel. Two people can fit on such a roller coaster. But it is worth considering that the engine is not provided in it, so you will have to drag the 7-kilogram sled back uphill.
“We are going today at 5 at the fanza” - such a phrase can be heard from the Sakhalin children. “Fanzas” here are called headquarters - shelters that are built by children throughout the country. The word comes from the Chinese "fangzi", which literally translates as a house and means "a light building without windows, a barn or a large hut."

Tambov Region
One of the popular words in Tambov is "pantyhose". It means to fuss, to worry. Come this old Russian word cuts the ears. as well as its derivatives. Here, for example, you may be asked: “Why are you so tight?”. Or criticize: “Here is tights!”
Also, in the Tambov region, a girl can be called a “kolchushka” if she is absent-minded, untidy or ill-mannered. Occasionally you can hear the word "teplyak". So they say about the warm wind.

Khabarovsk region
In the Far East, you can often hear the word "chuni". These are boots without soles. They are usually used by hunters. Because they are warm, comfortable and silent when walking through the forest.
“Five minutes” in the Kharabovsky region is called lightly salted caviar of pink salmon, chum salmon or sockeye salmon. It is done immediately after gutting the fish. Caviar is poured with cool salty water and in five minutes the delicacy is ready!
And "whack" here they say the usual gadfly. They called him that because he chases cows and cattle in the summer: “whack got under the tail”!
“Chifanka” among the locals is any eatery or cafe where you can have a quick bite to eat. Derived from the Chinese word Chi Fan (to eat).
The word "kunya" also came from Chinese. Khabarovsk so call not very attractive girls.
"Jewish" - so sonorously the locals call the neighboring region - the Jewish Autonomous Region.

Chelyabinsk region
In a harsh city, harsh words. For example, a mop is called a “lazy man” here. As you understand, certain conclusions are drawn in Chelyabinsk about the hostess, who washed the floor without bending down.
"Lorry" here they dubbed a one-room apartment, always with a kitchen and a bathroom. Chelyabinsk philologists have not been able to find out where such a word came from.
A "green" is a document on the right to own property. The fact is that earlier this paper was only green, hence the word. By the way, now the document is printed on both yellow and pink paper, but the Urals still call it “green paper”.
Do not be surprised if the store offers you a "gorbulka" (short for "city bun"). It is a white bread of a certain shape. Previously, this was not baked in the villages. The city bun was named after the place where it was brought from - from the city.
"Makhrami" in Chelyabinsk is called something that sticks out, sticks out, gets in the way. Changed from "whirlwind". Applicable to threads on the unsewn edge of the fabric.

Yaroslavskaya oblast
"Give it up!" - they can ask you in Yaroslavl. Don't be afraid, no one is claiming you. Here this phrase is harmless. And it just means "get away, move away." So - better "surrender".
Locals also say “cylinder” for a three-liter bottle, “proranka” - for a loop in clothes, “mosly” - for large bones, “cooling” - for boiled water, which is diluted with a hot drink.
The word "trouble" in the Yaroslavl region is used in the meaning of confusing, "to slander" - to take it with dirty hands, to get it dirty, "to mess up" - to cough, choke while eating.
You can laugh out loud here. It means loudly, uncontrollably, until you drop. And if they want to answer you with consent to some proposal, then they use the phrase "duc-yes." Such a colorful synonym for the word "of course."

Based on the materials of "Komsomolskaya Pravda"

Not always the population of the country speaks the same language. In almost all countries of the world, residents of different regions have either some differences in the pronunciation of some words or a big difference. For example, in Greece, Germany and China, it is not uncommon for people from neighboring areas to not understand each other.

There are also dialects in Russian. And, it is worth noting that there are more than a dozen of them in it. With all the variety of classifications of Russian dialects, three main groups are distinguished, which are called dialects: northern, southern and Central Russian. Let's look at them in more detail and get acquainted with their distinctive features.

South Russian dialect

This dialect settled in the territory of southern and southwestern Russia. It has the following dialectic features:

The presence of the ending -i (-s) for neuter plural nouns in the nominative case: spots, windows.

Soft -t- in the endings of verbs: he say [t '], she carry [t '].

Akanye and yakane: I lead instead, I carry instead, etc.

Unique words that are unique to this dialect: poshkandybat (go), stare (look), pokotsanny (scratched), etc.

The presence of the verbs "carry", "go", "weave".

P[a]wheat instead of wheat.

North Russian dialect

The pronounced features of this dialect spread in the northern and eastern regions of Russia. Of these, the most common are:

O instead of E in pre-stressed and stressed syllables: oz [o] ro, s [o] stra, s [o] blood.

The verb "tovat" - an analogue of the English "do", can be used in any sentence.

The absence of the sound [j] in the pronunciation and the contraction of vowels in the endings -th, -ae, -th, -th, -th: a new apartment, a young girl, etc.

Full okane, that is, when pronouncing the word in all unstressed syllables, -o- is not replaced by -a-: v [o] yes, g [o] l [o] va, etc.

Instead of [bm] - long [m:]: o[m:] en instead of deceit, o[m:] en instead of exchange, etc.

Nouns with suffixes -ushk-, -ishk- mostly end in -o-: grandfather [o], hut [o], zimushk [o], etc.

Central Russian dialect

The most common dialect in Russia is the Central Russian dialect. It is used mainly in the middle zone of the country. It is distinguished by the fact that it included the features of both the northern and southern dialects. It underlies the official Russian language known throughout the world.

Throughout its development, the Russian language has continuously adopted names and expressions from the dialects of other peoples and countries. As a result, the "great and mighty" became richer, brighter and more saturated. In almost any region of the country, you will come across unique words and special speech, a peculiar pronunciation. The difference can be both negligible and quite tangible. This is a feature of any widespread language on earth.

The ancient people who inhabited Russia were mostly illiterate, could not check the use of words in the dictionary and did not adhere to certain rules in speech. Therefore, until the XIV century, the pre-literary Old Russian language developed as an oral language: spontaneously.

By the XIV century, Russia was a specific principality, some of which were captured by the Tatar-Mongols. But the Old Russian language continued to develop.

In geographically close areas, the evolution of speech occurred in different ways. Three dialects gradually emerged: Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian. Each of them eventually formed into a separate language, now these are close East Slavic languages.

2. There are three main dialects in Russian

Despite the fact that Russia is so big, linguists distinguish only three groups of dialects: northern, southern and Central Russian, in which there was an interpenetration of northern and southern features.

Igor Isaev, director of the Institute of Linguistics at the Russian State Humanitarian University, says that a conditional border between dialects in the west and east of Russia can be drawn along the central European part, if you draw a line from Kirov, through Nizhny Novgorod, and to Saratov in the south.

Natalia Nosova

All dialects east of this border - and therefore the entire Urals, Siberia and the Far East - were formed on the basis of the dialects of the oldest Slavic tribes. This is the language of immigrants from the center of Russia, which has changed little over time.

Therefore, in Vladivostok, you are unlikely to feel a strong difference in speech compared to Moscow. For example, the speech of the inhabitants of northern Arkhangelsk and southern Krasnodar will differ much more.

3. Literary language formed around the political center

In all major cities of Russia, the so-called literary language is predominantly spoken. The archaic dialects of the late 19th century are gradually being destroyed. And yet it cannot be argued that all Russians speak the same way.

Be sure to "give out" themselves to vernacular, especially in villages and small towns, as well as among older people. But these differences will never be as strong as in different regions of Italy and even more so China. With the exception of some rare words, all Russians will understand each other.

The literary norm is the Central Russian dialect - as they say in Moscow, because it became the capital of Ancient Russia. “If power had remained concentrated in Vladimir and Suzdal, where they spoke the northern dialect, as it was until the end of the 13th century, then we would now all speak like in the north,” says Igor Isaev.

4. The main differences between the northern and southern dialects from the literary norm

“If you take a train, say, from Petrozavodsk to Sochi, that is, cross Russia from north to south, you will hear several variations of dialects at once: someone will ok, someone will ack, someone will clatter or hack,” says Nelli Krasovskaya, professor at Tula University. Lev Tolstoy.

Natalia Nosova

Differences are seen at all levels of the language: in phonetics (pronunciation of sounds), morphology (declension and change of words depending on case and number), vocabulary (use of words). Here are just a few of the distinguishing features:

• Gekanye
  One of the most striking differences between the southern dialect (Ryazan, Kursk, Voronezh, Belgorod) is the so-called "gekanye", or, as it is scientifically called, "fricative g". It is designated as the Greek gamma - γ, and is pronounced as a soft "he".
  Most often, this is the stunning of the “g” sound at the end of a word before a vowel. For example, "snega" is spoken as "sneha". The farther south, the "r" becomes deeper and more guttural and is already used at the beginning of the word. You can hear in Krasnodar the pronunciation "horod", instead of "city". By the way, even further south - in Ukraine - "gekanie" is a literary norm.

• Okane and akanye
  If Central Russian residents often pronounce “a” in place of unstressed “o” (“Maskva”, not “Moscow”), then northerners can be distinguished by a clear “o”. By the way, “akanye” interferes with Russians when pronouncing English words. For example, Russians pronounce the surname "Obama" as "Abama".

• Substitution of the letters "f" and "x"
  This feature is typical for both the north and the south of Russia. For example, the peasants of the family estate of Leo Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana called their master “grah” instead of “count”.
• Softening of some consonants
  In the north, they like to clatter, that is, instead of “h”, pronounce a soft “c”. "Petska" instead of "stove" and "granddaughter" instead of "granddaughter".
  In the south, they don’t say that, but they soften the “t” at the end of third-person verbs (often a coincidence with the infinitive form): “he walks” instead of “he walks.”
• Substitution of the endings of nouns and adjectives in the plural
  In the southern dialect, in the genitive plural, "ov" is sometimes added instead of zero endings. This is a difficult place in the Russian language, many people confuse how to say “no shoes” or “no shoes”, “a kilogram of tomato” or “a kilogram of tomatoes” correctly.
  But speakers of the southern dialect intentionally add endings in cases where there is no doubt that they are not needed: “places” instead of “places”, “lakes” instead of “lakes”. They also replace the nominative case in the plural "box" instead of "boxes", "heap" instead of "heap", all this is often used with the stress shifted to the replaced vowel.
  In the northern dialect, the instrumental plural is sometimes replaced by the dative: “I walked with my own feet”, “I did it with my own hands” instead of “I walked with my own feet”, “I did it with my own hands”.

5. Each region has its own characteristics

In addition to the main dialects, many areas have local features.

Nelli Krasovskaya gives an interesting example: in the Tula region there is the word "kazyuk", the so-called workers of the Tula arms factories. This word came from the word "treasury", because the factories were sponsored from the state treasury, and the work was prestigious and highly paid.

In contrast to the “kazyuk”, the “male” is the one who was not taken to the factory, which means a lazy and inept person. Literally, "kobel" means "stump". In Russian, even now you can find the expression “sits like a stump”, that is, is lazy, does nothing.

The Tula people use the word “zhalik” to call a gingerbread without filling, baked from the remains of dough, which was probably kneaded for the famous Tula gingerbread.

In Vologda, for example, as Igor Isaev says, the word “stay”, meaning throughout Russia “a flock of birds” or other animals, is also used to designate an outbuilding for small livestock. And for example, the Vologda residents call the pond “Vitsa”.

When planning a trip to Russia, study this small phrasebook - the intricacies of translating "from Russian into Russian" in some areas of our Motherland can seriously puzzle you [infographic]

Photo: RUSSIAN LOOK

The richness of a language lies in its diversity. Russian in this regard is really "powerful". And if everyone has heard about the St. Petersburg "curb" and "front door", then the Permian "kerkat" and the Kirov "pazgat" really confuse visitors! For the sake of understanding, together with the regional editions of KP (from Krasnodar to Vladivostok), we conceived this Russian-Russian dictionary. In it you will find a "translation" of unusual local words in an understandable, literary language.

And if we undeservedly ignored some local words, we are waiting for them in the comments. So our phrasebook will become even more "alive" and useful for all Russians!

EXPERT COMMENT

Scientists believe that it is harmful and pointless to fight regional colloquial speech

Our regional correspondents have collected a decent crop of unusual words. We asked Anatoly Baranov, Professor of the Department of Linguistic Semantics at the Institute of the Russian Language named after A.I. Vinogradova.

You have collected very different words. By the way, there are not so many dialecticisms. There is jargon, but mostly regionalisms. That is, various territorial variants of the Russian language (regionalisms are used by all residents of the region, in contrast to dialect words, which are more often used by the population of rural areas - author). For example, in Siberia, instead of the word "attachment" they say "attachment". Or take "curb" - this is a word from the southern dialect, which turned out to be in St. Petersburg and is used in the northern capital to designate a sidewalk. This is an example of how dialectal forms can be fixed as territorial forms. A travel card for the metro or any other type of transport in St. Petersburg was called a "card". This is also a specific thing characteristic of this area.

How did these words survive in conditions when uniform norms are cultivated in the educational institutions of cinema, literature, and the media?

The fact is that the territory on which people who speak Russian live is very large. Despite the fact that information and means of transport make it possible to shorten the distance, there are various regions that are far from the center: Siberia, the Far East... They were populated in different ways. These territories have different social, cultural, natural and domestic conditions. And very often specific words are used for these areas. So there are territorial variants of the language.

- Is it necessary to deal with this matter somehow on the ground?

What are you, no way! Actually, this is impossible. Of course, there is a literary Russian language, but it is used in its own field. And those words in question are part of the spoken language of their region. People clearly distinguish between these two spheres: no one will use the “curb” in official speech. Moreover, I and other researchers believe that regional differences relate not only to vocabulary, but also to syntactic constructions. But it is absolutely wrong to say that regionalism is a mutilation of the Russian language. On the contrary, it is the potential for its development. Because the language needs to have some sources, reserves from which words, constructions and morphemes can be drawn in order to reflect new phenomena and processes.

Altai region

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

Let's start with the Altai Territory. Here (however, as in all of Siberia), the transparent file familiar to us is called ... "multiphora". This is probably from the Latin "Multifora", which translates as "having many holes." Or simply from the name of the company "Multifor", which actively promoted its products beyond the Urals. Be that as it may, do not be alarmed when you hear this unusual word.

But be scared if you are: a) a woman and b) you were called "pull out". So here they say only in relation to the pests. "Victoria" here and in other Siberian cities, all types of garden strawberries are called.

"Lyvoy" the locals call the puddle, "homonkom"- purse, "pack"- slow person "hedgehogs"- meatballs, "crushed"- mashed potatoes, "shanezhki"- buns, "pims"- winter shoes "nearby"- area of ​​the settlement.

If they ask you "What did you loosen up?", This means that they are accused of slowness. And here is a sonorous word "khius" here dubbed the piercing wind.

Bashkiria

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

"Full aptragan!" - a colorful phrase that they like to use in Bashkria. "Aptragan"- here they say instead of the boring "nightmare", "kapets" and other synonyms for the well-known obscene word. It comes from the Bashkir verb "aptyrarga". It translates as "to be in difficulty, confusion, bewilderment."

Here you can be invited to "sabantuy". Actually, this is the name of the Bashkir and Tatar holiday of the plow, which ends all spring agricultural affairs. But at other times of the year - why should a good word go to waste? So they use "sabantuy" in the meaning of "assembly", "crowd".

In Bashkiria and Tatarstan, they also often use "let's go" meaning "come on, let's go." This is from the Turkic verb "to drive", "to urge", "to hurry".

Bryansk region

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

The Bryansk region borders on two states - Ukraine and Belarus. That is why the local dialect is an "explosive" mixture of Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages, generously seasoned with the professional jargon of ancient and current folk craftsmen.

Here, for example, the disorder is often called here "gain", sheep wool, from which felt boots are made ("felted") - "War", beets - "beetroot"(this vegetable is called beetroot or beetroot in many southern regions of Russia, in Belarus, Poland and Ukraine), onion - "goatfish", moonshine - "gardeman", and borscht - and at all wrinkle.

"Mahotka"- this is a small clay jug in the Bryansk region, "skrygotnik"- a train. The man here can be called "chuzom", village dweller - "jack". And if they want to offend, they will say "shmurak"(the same "fool"). If it is necessary to make peace, they can use the phrase "klopot". It's something like "well, okay!" And be careful, non-locals can be called here "suckers". You should not be offended ... Better learn these words - you will pass for your own!

Note that most of the words given are from the language of the Bryansk Shapovals.

Vladivostok

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

Let's move on to the Far East. In Vladivostok, for example, they often go to "chifanki". These are Chinese eateries and cafes.

And the usual word for us "splice" here it is used in unusual meanings. You can splice jeans in the store ("get it, find it"). And you can not splice what we are talking about here (in the meaning of "understand").

Word "beacon" means "let you know". For example, you may be asked to "beacon" when you are free. And if they ask you "stuff" along the way the newspaper, then it is about buying. It's worse if they tell you not to "shuffle". This means that you are suspected of idleness. Or no "perform"(may mean "show off").

"Glasses" in Vladivostok they call hard-to-reach places, remote areas of the city, "shugan" - something terrible, "Zusman"- cold, "seagulls"- lovers of freebies, "nabkoy"- embankment.

Word "lantern" here it is used in the sense of "very simple", and "cleverly"- "funny, great." If you also like Vladivostok words, then the locals would shake you a crab ( "I press the crab" is "shake hands").

Volgograd region

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

The Volgograd region is very rich in local buzzwords! And yes, they are funny. For example, many Volgograd residents (mostly elderly) call a dried pear ... "muzzles". Old-timers still often say: "Cut me a sausage carriage." Word "carriage" in this case means a piece. And the early herring (spring) was disowned here "crease". And to finish the conversation about food, let's say about the word common in Volgograd "kaymak". It is not Volgograd, it came to these parts from the Caucasus, but it has taken root in the region. "Kaymak" is sour cream baked in the oven or oven.

And the back of the bed is called here "bedroom"! Volgograd residents can often recommend that you do not climb "in the bushes." Don't be scared. "Kushari" means bushes, dense thickets or a dark scary place that is best avoided. That is, they wish you well, and not just scare you with strange words ...

Pure Volgograd word - "gap". This is the name of a clumsy person who has everything falling out of his hands. And the bun into which women often collect their hair is called in Volgograd "cool". Moreover, in different regions they even emphasize differently: in the south they say kulya, but in the northern regions it is already kulya.

Izhevsk

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

"Go here, go here"- so they can explain the way to Izhevsk. Calm! Everything is very simple to understand - you just need to remove the preposition "by". So you will get to the famous Monument of Friendship of Peoples.

Word "odnerka" in Izhevsk it is used in the meaning of "one", "unit". Initially, this was the name of the tram that runs along route No. 1. But then it stuck.

"Kaganka"("kagonka") here they call a baby or an infant. The word comes from the common people "kaga" (Permian) - a child, a baby.

funny word "kuteshata"("kutyata") here they call puppies. Most likely, it came from the word "curly".

No less funny "poppy" called babies or cute people. It's such a compliment. Another compliment - "chebery"(meaning - beautiful, wonderful, bright). And if you hear “let me love you!”, that's it - you won someone's heart. "Love"- hug, kiss, show affection.

And even small bottles with alcohol-containing liquid in Izhevsk were dubbed with a touching word "fufyrik"(usually they ask for a bottle of Hawthorn Tincture in a pharmacy).

Good luck here wish phrase "come on okay"(emphasis on the second syllable). This is something like "no fluff, no feather."

Another interesting point. In Izhevsk, instead of "why" the word "why" is used. In this case, the Udmurt language influenced Russian - in Udmurt, the words “why” and “why” are the same root, so it doesn’t matter which one to use. Therefore, do not be too surprised if you hear: “For some reason I didn’t recognize you on the street ...”

Irkutsk region

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

There are many words in Irkutsk that are unusual for the inhabitants of European Russia! Some of them are quite ancient, of Turkic origin (here the situation is similar to Ufa and Kazan), because the first inhabitants of Siberia were Turkic-speaking peoples. Some remained from the first Russian settlers. Some of them are from the Buryat population. There are some very fresh options too. For example, "auto winter road"(road for travel in winter), "Shanghai"- a market where the Chinese and Kyrgyz trade. And relatively recent, from the war - take at least the curse "Japanese god!" (used when something fails).

Here, as in Tatarstan, the word is in use "let's go" in the meaning of "let's go" (from the Turkic әydә). A bad person in Irkutsk can be called a "stramina". If you make a noisy scandal, then you will be asked not to "burragozit". If you scream heart-rendingly - do not "baslat". But if they say: "Enough "spread" Well, that's kind of a compliment. So you work hard.

It's funny, but if you are invited to Irkutsk "tea", then do not think that you will simply be given tea at a party. No, "to tea" here means "to dine." And if they say that they will come to visit you “ordinary”, then you should not worry where to put your dear guest to sleep. "To go as usual" Means - not for long, for one day.

"Ass" here they call the outskirts. "Flock"- barn. "Verkhonka"- work glove "milestone"- washcloth. A simple head of cabbage has a proud name in the Irkutsk region "forks".

If you are offered "poses" don't fantasize. This is just a dish of Buryat cuisine, vaguely reminiscent of dumplings. BUT "gorloder"- not a curse, but a hot sauce of tomatoes twisted with garlic.

Kirov region

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

The Kirov region has long been famous for its marvelous Vyatka dialect. Here and the manner of pronouncing sounds, and placing stress in words - everything is different! And, of course, there are specific Vyatka words.

Among the most popular words in Vyatka are - "Basco", "Basque". It means beautiful, beautiful or good, good. In Kirov, an attractive girl hears admiration after: “What a Baska!” But if the young lady is windy, fickle, she will be called here with condemnation "pokey".

Word "puzzle"(emphasis on the second syllable) in Vyatka is used in relation to children who run quickly and without stopping, rush. "Sniff"- means to quickly eat something (has a condemning intonation). "Vengat"- this is whining, pestering, begging for something from adults. BUT "to get dirty"- show off while eating.

If the inhabitants of Vyatka want to scold you, but not much, they can say: “You are still that nail!”. The swearing here, of course, "nail"(stress on the first syllable).

Krasnodar region

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

Our linguistic journey through Russia led us to the warm and cozy Kuban.

"Blue"- so in the south they often call eggplants. The vegetable got its sonorous nickname simply because of its blue-violet color.

"Garbuz" the locals call the gourd. This is the Ukrainian version of the name of the fetus. They call it in the Kuban so, because the basis of many local dialects is the Ukrainian language. After all, many immigrants from Nezalezhnaya live in the region.

"Zherdela"- it's an apricot. This is the original Kuban name for this fruit. Formed from the words "pole", "pole". As a rule, small fruits hanging on long branches are called poles. BUT "apricot"- the same apricot, only with the peculiarities of local pronunciation. According to the researchers, residents use the name of the fruit in the feminine gender for convenience. Thus, it is easier for them to divide the word into open syllables.

Krasnoyarsk region

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

When going to Siberia, gentlemen, please note that it’s even indecent to say “what” here. Do you want to be recognized as your own? Choke! And if they don’t understand you, the opponent doesn’t agree or you don’t understand his logic, proudly “cut off” in response to the classic Siberian "what's what".

And if you want to give the story dynamics, use the expression - "toshi-boshi" and synonymous with it "pyrym-pyrym". That's just for a bunch of words.

As in many cities of Siberia, Krasnoyarsk residents use instead of "washcloths" "milestone". BUT "T-shirt" here is a small plastic bag, "shoulders"- clothes hanger, "flock"- barn, "short"- rub.

Russians, especially from St. Petersburg, are also confused by another local set expression "Loaf of bread" meaning "one loaf of bread". For Petersburgers, rolls are white bread.

By the way, Krasnoyarsk students and teachers call classes at the university "ribbons". Why not a couple? The linguists shrug. Moreover, in neighboring Khakassia they only speak "couple". And here's what else is curious, the "tape" is used in Ukraine, for example, in Dnepropetrovsk. There are other words that are common to Krasnoyarsk and Ukrainians. There is a popular assumption that the vocabulary of Siberians in the middle of the last century was replenished by graduates of Ukrainian universities who came to the Komsomol construction sites.

Nizhny Novgorod Region

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

The original Nizhny Novgorod dialect can now be heard, perhaps, in villages and villages. But even those words in which the locals do not see anything special, visitors can be confused.

Here, for example, the phrase: "Tea, I'll have time." A guest from the capital will think that someone is simply in no hurry to drink tea. Meanwhile, the word "tea" in the meaning of “I hope, probably” has long become a litmus test - you hear it from a person and you understand that he is from the Lower. It came from the obsolete verb "to look forward to" - to hope, to expect.

Word "make" has different meanings in different parts of our country. For example, in Veliky Novgorod, with which Nizhny is always confused, “to do” is used in the meaning of “spoil, soil”. And Nizhny Novgorod residents may well ask you to “make a TV”. That is, "arrange, adjust, fix."

Or here’s another phrase: “Imagine, Lead, they bought a sofa, but it won’t be removed!”. Any Muscovite will be speechless: what kind of miracle of technology is this - a sofa that puts things in order by itself. But any Nizhny Novgorod resident will explain to him that the point is not at all in the fantastic talents of local engineers, but in the fact that a huge sofa does not fit in a typical kitchen of 9 square meters. Here is the word "get out" used in the sense of "to fit into something."

And if you go out onto the streets of Nizhny Novgorod with a saucepan on your head, then do not be surprised at the phrase "some kind of Lyakhovsky." The fact is, there is a village Lyakhovo. He became famous once a colony for the mentally ill. The colony gradually turned into the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Psychoneurological Hospital. And among the inhabitants of the Lower word "lyakhovsky" established as a synonym for clouding the mind.

Omsk region

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

But, let's say you are in the Omsk region. Arriving to look at the Assumption Cathedral, you will immediately be offended if you are asked: “What are you doing? From the first line, or what? because "from the first line" means "fool". The fact is that in Omsk on Kuibyshev Street (after it comes the 2nd Line, but there is no 1st Line) there is a regional psychiatric hospital.

But if you are offered to "scream", it is better to agree. "Scream"- Omsk synonym for the word "laugh". Such a local rethinking of the word is a mystery shrouded in darkness.

Meanwhile, any funny, funny moment, the phrase is called here "plum"(and sometimes also "crust"). With "plum" the situation is a little clearer. There is an opinion that in this sense the word came into use by Omsk people from warm regions, where “plum” is sometimes used in the meaning of “beautiful”.

Another interesting local word - "choice". So in Omsk they call any instant noodles. It's just that the Chinese-made Choice products were the first to enter the local market. This is how it got used...

Perm region

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

In the harsh Urals of strange words - a cloud! There is even a whole dictionary "Speaking Permian". It contains almost three hundred words and expressions that distinguish Permians. We present only a few of them.

"arg" in Perm it means to quarrel, swear, scandal. "Baragozit"- to be naughty, to be naughty. "Varegoy" they call a mitten (somehow they have no tenderness ...) But they affectionately dubbed the chin - "pigs".

"burn"- is to mess around, to do something for a long time. word with a similar meaning "moh"- slow down. "Zyurgat"- Noisy sipping while eating or drinking. BUT "poking"- cough.

They say sorrel here "sour", a round bun with crushed potatoes was dubbed "shangoi", and pies with meat filling - "poikunchiki".

Interesting that the word "any" in Perm it is a synonym for “of course” (in the sense of approval and consent).

You can tense up if they call you "Dunka from Bakharevka". This expression is used to describe a strange, abnormal, exotic-looking young lady.

Pskov region

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

If you go to the Pskov region, do not be alarmed when you hear the letter “c” instead of the usual “h” in familiar words. There was even such a proverb here: “from Opotsky there are three verstotskas and one jump in the barrel ...”. And here the influence of Belarusian, Latvian, Estonian languages ​​is very strong. Why? Yes, because the Pskov region borders on these countries. The bag of Pskov is often called "sack", and a rooster "peun"- all these are words from the Belarusian language.

In the swamps they gather here "crane"- cranberries. The word, as strange as it may seem, comes from the already obsolete Estonian kuremari (in translation - “crane berry”).

And another berry of the Pskov forests is called "gonobobel" or "drunkard". It's about blueberries. It is believed that she is called a “drunkard” because of the bogulnik, among which the berry is harvested. And the word "gonobobel" came from "gonobol" - the same bogulnik is capable of causing headaches and dizziness.

Pskov grandmothers knit for their grandchildren "Dyanki". That's what the mittens are called. This word comes from the verb "put on".

Samara Region

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

Every self-respecting Samaran every day utters a bunch of incomprehensible words not from this city. For example, "kurmish". It's a distant place, a slum. The word came from the name of the Volga Tatar town of the same name Kurmyshi, all the inhabitants of which in the 17th century were evicted by order of the tsar for eternal housing in Korsun, and the town was immediately empty and turned into an abandoned place.

Here you can also find the word "lytki" in relation to the calves of the legs. And "gomonok"- about the wallet. However, the word "homonok" can often be heard in Siberia as well. There is a version that it came from the "hub" - the sound that the wallet made when a change was carried in it.

St. Petersburg

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

About the peculiarities of the speech of Petersburgers, perhaps, everyone has heard enough. Therefore, here are just a few important clarifications. For example, here is the word "badlon"(boudlon and banlon are allowed). We will not torment you - these are just thin sweaters with a high neck. In Moscow they are often called turtlenecks. In the Soviet Union, the fashion for them came in the 60s. And the first in the USSR such sweaters were brought by Leningrad black marketeers. The labels then had the inscription "100% ban-lon" (banlon - the name of the material). By the 80s, "banlon" had changed to "badlon". Over time, proximity to the original source throughout the country lost its meaning and other names were used. But Petersburgers remained faithful to the original.

And now about "curb". Perhaps none of the Muscovites and Petersburgers will tell you exactly where the place between the two cities is located, where the curb (separating stone between the sidewalk and the roadway) turns into a curb. But the builders have an exact answer, how these words differ. Curb - if the stone is set with an edge and a step is formed. Border - if it is dug in with the side part up so that the step is not formed. There is no fundamental difference in the meaning of these words, but it was the curb that took root in St. Petersburg, but the Muscovites borrowed the French word.

Concerning front door. Recall that in tsarist times the main entrance to the house was called the main staircase. Over time, the second word disappeared and just the front door remained. Petersburgers are sure that the word "entrance" is absolutely wrong. It is used, but indicates a place on the street through which you can drive up to the house. After all, the entrance is only outside - you can’t drive inside the house - neither by carriage, nor by car. And if you enter the houses in the historical center of St. Petersburg, you will immediately understand that these luxurious staircases simply cannot be called an entrance. These are the most front doors.

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

Let's move on to the mysterious Sakhalin. The local language was naturally influenced by proximity to Asia.

For example, noodles on Sakhalin are called a funny word "kuksa". This is a Korean dish, the Koreans themselves pronounce it as "kuksi". And the Far East adapted the word and now apply it to any instant noodles. So don’t roll your eyes too much if they ask you here in a friendly way: “Will you be Kuksu?”

One more word - "argamak". This is an ordinary snow scooter: skis, seat and steering wheel. Two people can fit on such a roller coaster. But it is worth considering that the engine is not provided in it, so you will have to drag the 7-kilogram sled back uphill.

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

One of the popular words in Tambov - "pantyhose". It means to fuss, to worry. Come this old Russian word cuts the ears. as well as its derivatives. Here, for example, you may be asked: “Why are you so tight?”. Or criticize: “Here is tights!”

Also in the Tambov region, they can call a girl "kolchushka" if she is absent-minded, untidy or ill-mannered. Occasionally you can hear the word "teplyak". So they say about the warm wind.

Khabarovsk region

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

In the Far East you can often hear the word "chuni". These are boots without soles. They are usually used by hunters. Because they are warm, comfortable and silent when walking through the forest.

"Five Minute" in the Kharabovsk region, lightly salted caviar of pink salmon, chum salmon or sockeye salmon is called. It is done immediately after gutting the fish. Caviar is poured with cool salty water and in five minutes the delicacy is ready!

BUT "whack" here they speak the usual gadfly. They called him that because he chases cows and cattle in the summer: “whack got under the tail”!

"Chifanka" for locals, this is any eatery or cafe where you can have a quick bite to eat. Derived from the Chinese word Chi Fan (to eat).

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

In a harsh city, harsh words. For example, a mop is called here "Lazy". As you understand, certain conclusions are drawn in Chelyabinsk about the hostess, who washed the floor without bending down.

"Lorry" here they dubbed a one-room apartment, always with a kitchen and a bathroom. Chelyabinsk philologists have not been able to find out where such a word came from.

BUT "zelenka"- This is a document on the right to own property. The fact is that earlier this paper was only green, hence the word. By the way, now the document is printed on both yellow and pink paper, but the Urals still call it “green paper”.

A photo: Anna LATUHOVA

"Give it up!"- they can ask you in Yaroslavl. Don't be afraid, no one is claiming you. Here this phrase is harmless. And it just means "get away, move away." So - better "surrender".

The locals also say "balloon" for a three liter bottle, "proranka"- on a loop in clothes, "mosly"- large bones "cold"- on boiled water, which is diluted with a hot drink.

Word "trouble" in the Yaroslavl region it is used in the sense of confusing, "to swindle"- take with dirty hands, get dirty, "swear"- cough, choke while eating.

You can laugh here "on a roll". It means loudly, uncontrollably, until you drop. And if you want to agree to some proposal, then use the phrase "duc-yes". Such a colorful synonym for the word "of course."

And what do you say? Leave your comments below the article. And we will gladly add to our vocabulary!