Roman martyr's short life. The meaning of the Roman novel in the Orthodox encyclopedia tree
ROMAN NOVEL
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "TREE".
Roman of Rome (+ 258), warrior, martyr.
During the suffering of the martyr Archdeacon Lawrence, the warrior Roman suddenly exclaimed: “Saint Lawrence, I see a bright young man standing next to you and wiping your wounds! I conjure you by the Lord Christ, do not leave me!” After this, Saint Lawrence was taken off the rack and placed in prison. Roman brought a pot of water there and begged the martyr to baptize him. Immediately after the baptism, the soldiers cut off his head. This happened on August 9, 258.
Materials used
http://days.pravoslavie.ru/Life/life4414.htm
TREE - open Orthodox encyclopedia: http://drevo.pravbeseda.ru
About the project | Timeline | Calendar | Client
Orthodox encyclopedia Tree. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is ROMAN NOVEL in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- ROMAN NOVEL
(d. 258) warrior converted to Christianity by the holy martyr Lawrence of Rome. He suffered with him during the persecution of Emperor Valerian. Memory in the Orthodox... - NOVEL in the Dictionary of meanings of Gypsy names:
(borrowed, male) - is interpreted by analogy with the word “Romano” - “gypsy, gypsy”, as well as “Roman, Roman”, which is equivalent from the point of view ... - NOVEL in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
I LEKAPINUS Byzantine emperor in 920-945. June 115, 948 Roman came from the city of Lacapa in the Likand theme. ... - NOVEL in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Roman - venerable, disciple of St. Sergius of Radonezh. When the anxieties of worldly self-will and disagreement penetrated into the desert of St. Sergius, Sergius... - NOVEL in the Dictionary of Literary Terms:
- (from French roman - originally: a work written in one of the Romance (i.e. modern, living) languages, as opposed to written ... - NOVEL in the Literary Encyclopedia:
great epic form, the most typical genre of bourgeois society. HISTORY OF THE TERM. - Name "R." arose in the Middle Ages and originally belonged to... - NOVEL in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(French roman) a literary genre, an epic work of large form, in which the narrative is focused on the fate of an individual in his relation to... - NOVEL in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
- currently the most popular and richest form of literary works, reflecting modern life with all... - NOVEL
[French romans - originally a literary work written in a Romance language] 1) a large narrative work in prose, sometimes in ... - NOVEL in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
I a, m. A large narrative work of art with a complex plot. Historical river Novels by Leo Tolstoy. Romance (lit.) - relating to ... - NOVEL in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
2, -a, m. Love relationships between a man and a woman. She has a r. R. hang out with someone. (located in... - NOVEL
ROMAN THE SWEET SINGER (late 5th century - ca. 560), Byzantine. church hymnograph (melody). Native of Syria. Monk. The author of multistrophic lyric and poetic poems called kontakia... - NOVEL in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"ROMAN ABOUT A ROSE" ("Roman de la Rose"), a monument to the French. 13th century literature, allegorical. a poem about the poet’s love for Rose, personifying... - NOVEL in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"NOVEL ABOUT A FOX" ("Roman de Renart"), poetry. production, monument to the French. liters gray 13th century Tells about the struggle of the cunning Fox-Renard with... - NOVEL in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ROMAN MSTISLAVICH (?-1205), prince of Novgorod (1168-69), Vladimir-Volyn (from 1170), Galician (1188, 1199), son of Mstislav Izyaslavich. Strengthened princely power in Galich... - NOVEL in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ROMAN IV Diogenes (?-1072), Byzantine. Emperor since 1068. Defeated and captured in Aug. 1071 under Manzikert by Sultan Alp Arslan, released to ... - NOVEL in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ROMAN I Lekapen (?-948), Byzantine. Emperor in 920-944, from the Macedonian dynasty. Decrees R.I 934, 943 protected the cross. land ownership from seizures... - NOVEL in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ROMAN (Roman), city in eastern Romania. St. 70 t.zh. Pipe rolling plant, machine, chemical, light, food. ... - NOVEL in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ROMAN (French roman), lit. genre, epic prod. large form, in which the narrative is focused on the destinies of the department. personality in relation to her... - ROMAN in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
UNIVERSITY OF ROME, Italy, main. in 1303. In 1996 St. 180 thousand... - ROMAN in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
PACT OF ROME 1935, a series of agreements concluded between P. Laval (France) and B. Mussolini (Italy). Mussolini renounced Italy's claims to... - ROMAN in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ROME CLUB, international. society org-tion Basic in 1968 with the aim of studying the development of mankind in the era of science and technology. revolutions. Combines approx. 100... - ROMAN in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
"ROMAN QUESTION", conflict between the Vatican and Italy. state, which arose in connection with the liquidation of the Papal Region in 1870. (territory cut has become... - NOVEL in Collier's Dictionary:
a detailed narrative that tends to give the impression of being about real people and events when they are not. What... - NOVEL
Roma"n, Roma"ny, Roma"on, Roma"nov, Roma"well, Roma"us, Roma"n, Roma"ny, Roma"nami, Roma"us, Roma"not, ... - ROMAN in the Complete Accented Paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
Roman, Roman, Roman, Roman, Roman, Roman, Roman, Roman, Roman, Roman, Roman, Roman, Roman msky, ry"msky, ry"msky, ry"msky, ry"msky, ry"msky, ry"msky, ry"msky, ... - NOVEL in the Dictionary of the Great Russian Language of Business Communication:
a novel, a detective story - project documentation that has just been submitted for consideration, a consultant's report and ... - NOVEL in the Popular Explanatory Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Russian Language:
-a, m. 1) A large narrative work of art with a complex plot, with a large number of characters, usually in prose. Historical novel. ... - NOVEL
Love relationship or the fruit of labor... - NOVEL in the Dictionary for solving and composing scanwords:
Resort… - NOVEL in the Thesaurus of Russian business vocabulary:
Syn: see... - NOVEL in the New Dictionary of Foreign Words:
(old-French romances narrative in French (and not in Latin)) 1) a large epic form of artistic narrative (usually prose), usually distinguished by the variety of characters ... - NOVEL in the Dictionary of Foreign Expressions:
[ 1. a large epic form of artistic narration (usually prose), usually distinguished by the diversity of characters and the branching of the plot; 2. love... - NOVEL in the Russian Language Thesaurus:
Syn: see... - ROMAN in the New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
adj. 1) Related to Rome, the Romans, associated with them. 2) Characteristic of the Romans, characteristic of them and of Rome. 3) Belonging... - ROMAN in Lopatin's Dictionary of the Russian Language:
Roman (from ... - ROMAN in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
Roman (from... - ROMAN in the Spelling Dictionary:
Roman (from ... - NOVEL in Ozhegov’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
1 narrative work with a complex plot and many characters, a large form of ethical prose Historical p. R.-epic. novel 2 love relationships... - NOVEL in Dahl's Dictionary.
- NOVEL in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
(Roman), a city in eastern Romania. 71 thousand inhabitants (1985). Pipe rolling plant, mechanical engineering, chemical, light, food industries. - (French roman), ... - NOVEL
novel, m. (French roman). 1. A large narrative work, usually in prose, with a complex and developed plot. Read novels. ... - ROMAN in Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
Roman, Roman. Adj. to Rome Roman Forum. Roman people. Roman law is a set of laws of the ancient Roman state. Roman Church - ... - ROMAN in Ephraim's Explanatory Dictionary:
Roman adj. 1) Related to Rome, the Romans, associated with them. 2) Characteristic of the Romans, characteristic of them and of Rome. 3) ... - ROMAN in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
adj. 1. Related to Rome, the Romans, associated with them. 2. Characteristic of the Romans, characteristic of them and of Rome. 3. Belonging... - ROMAN
adj. 1. Relating to Ancient Rome as a state, to Rome as the capital of Italy and to the Romans, associated with ... - ROMAN in the Large Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
adj. Dad …
Martyrs Archdeacon Lawrence, Pope Sixtus, deacons Felikissimus and Agapitus, warrior Romanus, the Romans suffered in 258 under the Emperor Valerian. Saint Pope Sixtus, a native of Athens, received a good education, preached in Spain and was installed as a bishop in Rome after the martyrdom of Saint Pope Stephen. This was the time when the Pope, who occupied the Roman throne, was elected to certain death. Soon Saint Sixtus was also captured and thrown into prison along with his two deacons Felikissimus and Agapit. When the holy Archdeacon Lawrence met Pope Sixtus, who was being led to prison, he exclaimed with tears: “Where are you going, father? Why are you leaving your archdeacon, with whom you always offered the Bloodless Sacrifice? Take your son with you, so that I too may be your companion in shedding blood for Christ!" Saint Sixtus answered him: “I am not leaving you, my son. I am an old man and am going to an easy death, but you will face more severe suffering. Know that three days after our death you will follow me. Now go, sell the church treasures and distribute to the persecuted and needy Christians." Saint Lawrence fulfilled the saint's behest with zeal.
Hearing that Saint Pope Sixtus had been taken with the deacons to trial, Saint Lawrence went there to see their feat and said to the saint: “Father, I have already fulfilled your order, I have distributed the treasure you handed over, do not leave me!” Having heard about some treasure, the soldiers took it into custody, and beheaded the martyrs with a sword. The emperor imprisoned Saint Lawrence and assigned the prison governor, Hippolytus, to supervise him. In prison, Saint Lawrence healed the sick who gathered to him with prayer and baptized many. Amazed by this, Hippolytus himself believed and received Baptism from Saint Lawrence with his entire household. Soon Archdeacon Lawrence was again brought to the emperor with orders to show the hidden treasures. Saint Lawrence replied: “Give me three days, and I will show you these treasures.” During this time, the saint gathered many poor and sick people who fed only on the alms of the Church, and, bringing them, announced: “These are the vessels in which treasures are placed. And everyone who puts their treasures in these vessels receives them in abundance in the Kingdom of Heaven ".
After this, Saint Lawrence was given over to the most severe tortures, forcing him to worship idols. The martyr was beaten with scorpions (a thin iron chain with sharp needles), his wounds were seared with fire, and he was beaten with tin rods. During the suffering of the martyr, the warrior Roman suddenly exclaimed: “Saint Lawrence, I see a bright young man standing next to you and wiping your wounds! I conjure you by the Lord Christ, do not leave me!” After this, Saint Lawrence was taken off the rack and sent to prison to Hippolytus. Roman brought a pot of water there and begged the martyr to baptize him. Immediately after the Baptism, the soldiers cut off his head. When the martyr Lawrence was taken to his final trial, Saint Hippolytus wanted to declare himself a Christian and die with him, but the confessor said: “Hide your confession in your heart now. After a little time I will call you, and you will hear and come to me. And about me Don’t cry, rather rejoice, I’m going to receive the glorious crown of martyrdom.” They laid him on an iron grate, under which they placed hot coals, and the servants pressed the body of the martyr to it with spears. Saint Lawrence, looking at the rulers, said: “Behold, you have baked one side of my body, turn it to the other and eat my body!” Dying, he said: “I thank You, Lord Jesus Christ, that You have made me worthy to enter Your gates,” and with these words he gave up the ghost.
Saint Hippolytus took the body of the martyr at night, wrapped it in swaddling clothes with aromas and let the presbyter Justin know. An all-night vigil and Divine Liturgy were celebrated over the relics of the martyr in the house of the widow Kyriacia. All Christians present received Holy Communion and honorably buried the body of the holy martyr Archdeacon Lawrence in the cave on August 10, 258. Saint Hippolytus and other Christians suffered three days after the death of Saint Lawrence (August 13), as he predicted to them about it.
Remembrance Day was established by the Orthodox Church on November 27/December 10. The Monk Romanus labored alone on Mount Silpia, which was located east of Antioch. Now the mountain is called Nachar Dag. He spent time in fasting and prayer, wearing heavy chains under his hair shirt. For his holy life, he was awarded by the Lord with the gift of clairvoyance and healing. Through his prayer, many women found the happiness of motherhood. He lived a long life and peacefully passed away to the Lord. Roman of Caesarea, Antioch, deacon, martyr
Roman Samosatsky, martyr
Remembrance Day was established by the Orthodox Church on January 29/February 11. Roman the Sweet Singer, Constantinople, deacon, creator of kontakions
Remembrance Day was established by the Orthodox Church on October 1/14. The Monk Roman, the Sweet Singer lived at the end of the 5th - beginning of the 6th centuries. Greek by origin, he was born in Syria. Having completed his studies, he became a deacon, and after some time he moved to Constantinople and got a job as a cleric at the patriarchal church. Patriarch Euthymius soon brought Roman closer to himself, falling in love with the young man for his sincere faith and virtuous life. Roman diligently helped during divine services, although he did not have a special voice or hearing. Approaching the patriarch aroused envy among Roman's circle, and his comrades played a cruel joke on him. During the pre-Christmas service, which was attended by the emperor and his entire family, the service was led by the patriarch himself, and the church was filled with parishioners, the Monk Roman was pushed onto the pulpit (a special elevation for reading the Holy Scriptures, delivering sermons, singing). Finding himself in the spotlight, he was forced to sing, his worthless singing led to the bewilderment of everyone present, and plunged Roman himself into deep shame. Arriving home, the Monk Roman fell on his knees before the icon of the Mother of God and prayed with tears all night. And the Mother of God heard his prayers. Appearing to the Monk Roman, the Mother of God gave him a scroll, which she ordered him to eat. Immediately after fulfilling the command, Roman was given a beautiful melodic voice, and also a poetic gift. Impressed by everything that happened, he immediately composed his famous kontakion for the feast of the Nativity of Christ: “Today a virgin gives birth to the Most Essential, and the earth brings a den to the Unapproachable; Angels and shepherds praise, while wolves travel with a star; For our sake, the Child of Mlado, the Eternal God, was born.” The next day, Reverend Roman himself insisted that he be allowed to sing. And during the all-night vigil on the Nativity of Christ, he sang the hymn he had written so wonderfully that everyone around shed tears of delight, and people called him “The Sweet Singer.” From that moment on, the Monk Roman decorated every service with his singing and inspired prayer. According to legend, the Monk Roman the Sweet Singer wrote over a thousand prayers and hymns for various holidays during his life. Roman Uglichsky, prince The Holy Blessed Prince Roman is the son of Prince Vladimir of Uglich, born in 1235. From childhood, Roman was distinguished by piety, observed fasts, prayed, read Holy books, visited churches, and was obedient to his parents. After the death of his father and older brother, he took over the management of the principality. He ruled the principality with wisdom and love, and it flourished and strengthened during his reign. Prince Roman devoted a lot of time to charitable works: he built hospitals, almshouses, hospice houses, erected and decorated churches. He especially cared for orphans and widows. He loved to visit the cells of ascetics, talking with them about the Lord and exploits in His name. After the death of his wife in 1280, he devoted himself entirely to the feats of fasting, prayer, charity and piety. The city was founded by Romanov. In 1985, shortly before his death, anticipating it, he called all the boyars to him and bequeathed them to live in peace and love for each other. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General provisions
By the nature of the invention and the entertaining design, Macrobius (somn. 2.8) classifies Petronius and Apuleius with their argumenta fictis amatorum casibus referta, "plots filled with fictional adventures of lovers" in the same category as the comedies of Menander. The theory of the novel in the proper sense of the word does not exist in antiquity. The concept itself dates back to the Middle Ages and means (in France) a long prose or poetic narrative written in the Romance vernacular. Classical philology uses the term to denote a fairly long fictional narrative in prose.
It is useful to distinguish between a novel in the narrow and broad sense of the word. In the first case, we mean serious love stories (we know about them from numerous Greek texts), and rather comic forms, preserved mainly in Latin. Both types have certain common features (see Sect. Literary technique).
In a broader sense, the genre includes: a novel with a description of a journey, a biographical novel, often with an exhorting tendency, for example, as a mirror of sovereigns, a mythological novel, which is difficult to separate from the historical; the novel about Alexander to a special extent combines the features of a travel novel with a biography and a mirror of sovereigns. Finally, the novel can become a shell for educational demythologization or a utopian project. On the other hand, there is entertaining literature of a religious direction, for example, serving the religion of Isis (Apuleius) or Christianity, and partly these genres are close to biography and travel novels.
In the types that belong to the novel in the broader sense of the word, the literary forms are not as distinct as in the love and picaresque novel.
Menippean satire has points of contact with Satyricon Petronius in his prosimetric form. However, in general, Menippean satire has a strict philosophical position; its satirical orientation is much clearer than, say, in Petronius's novel.
The novel also has the ability to absorb small forms: for example, anecdotes, fables, fairy tales, short stories.
Greek background
The Greek love story is related to the new comedy not only in terms of material, it arises in a similar social environment: in the Hellenistic era, changed political circumstances stimulate interest in private life. For the type of comic novel represented in Rome by two significant works, the Greek novel about Iolaus probably served as a preliminary step. The problem of the source of the novel about the donkey will be considered in the chapter on Apuleius. Otherwise, the traditions of the mythological novel, love ( Historia Apollonii regis Tyri), hagiographical and novel about Alexander.
Roman development
Satyricon Petronius and Metamorphoses Apuleius for us is the pinnacle of the ancient novel. Prominent predecessors - Sisenna with his Milesian stories and Varro with the Menippian satyrs, but Varro did not have a single action. The Latin novel is not only included in the general antique genre tradition: its development also has specific features characteristic of Roman literature. In addition, its brightest representatives in each case reflect the spiritual and social climate of the era.
It is significant that at the same time that the epic in Lucan's work reached the limit of its pathos and began to despair in its task of depicting the meaningfulness of the natural and historical-political cosmos, the novel - a less demanding genre of narrative literature - is experiencing a rise: it is evidence of the sophistication of a society that perceives as a serious problem the decline of the aristocracy, school, education and the triumph of the rich freedmen, but is internally independent enough to laugh at it to his heart's content.
Other, but no less significant development conditions emerged for the Latin novel in the 2nd century: after the death of the political epic under Domitian and the gradual shift of the center of gravity from Rome to the outskirts of the Empire at a time when the barbarians began to increasingly violate universal peace and Marcus Aurelius was the last adopted successor among the Roman emperors - once again finds support in Stoicism before ratio will finally give in religion, many readers perceive Apuleius’s novel in form and content as consistent with the era: it is a multifaceted and almost impossible to systematize experience of a loner in a kaleidoscopically changing, unpredictable world, freely self-determining within a religious and philosophical framework, where in no way can we talk about unpretentiousness, but it is directed no longer on the state and society, but on individuality - within a framework that, with its Platonic tendency, points the way to the future.
Literary technique
The novel combines a variety of technical techniques: they are drawn from epic, historiography, short story, fairy tale, recitation, and drama. A romance novel is sometimes designated as δρᾶμα, σύνταγμα δραματιϰόν, fabula or mimus. As in a comedy, here there are two lovers in the center, and the action takes place in a “philistine” environment; The combination with reality, preferable for the ancient theory of the comic, is even less true for the novel than for comedy, since the action is often “romantic,” that is, it is a heap of sensational events, not completely unthinkable, but in such quantities incredible.
A serious Greek love story has typical features that - partly in a modified form - retain their meaning for the Roman romance, which is rather humorous and ironic: two lovers, impeccably faithful and pure, are separated by hostile circumstances (often the wrath of a deity): a sea storm, a shipwreck , captivity, sale into slavery, the threat of losing innocence, averted at the last moment, near death - even imaginary death - are among the most typical situations. The end of the work is a happy reunion of lovers.
The narrative technique follows historiographical patterns. If lovers are separated, two storylines develop in parallel. The inserts include short stories and excursions. First-person narration and multi-layered insertions - techniques more characteristic of epic than historiography - are found in the novel in a later era, especially among the Romans, for whom the Odyssey generally retains the significance of an important literary example.
A separate episode resembles tragedy and comedy: dialogues replace the message, monologues - psychological analysis. Typical scenes from a drama are often encountered - for example, a dialogic exposition, a scene of deception, a court hearing, recognition.
Undoubtedly, the technical arsenal of the comic novel is the same in many points: there is an angry deity, and typical road and sea adventures, and demonstrative dramatic scenes.
True, one should not lose sight of the significant differences that prevent the Latin romance from being completely reduced to the Greek love story. An idealistic love story, for example, due to the special emphasis on the motive of fidelity of separated lovers, practically does not allow sexual scenes, which, for their part, are among the indispensable features of a comic novel; and the question arises whether the love of Encolpius and Giton can be understood as, first of all, a parody of a novel love affair. First of all, it should be noted that parody of a particular literary genre is not the main motive for creating works in Latin. Closeness to the Greek tradition in spirit Romance of Iolaus shows that the comic novel already has its own tradition.
Language and style
The language and style of the two surviving major Latin novels are quite different. Petronius has many linguistic levels - poetry, stylistically refined prose of a first-person story, the vulgar jargon of freedmen; in Apuleius the dominant type is polished prose with homeotelevts, as befits writing in the era of the Second Sophistry. Less precise and sober than the language of Petronius, his Latin is distinguished by emphasized decoration and playful character. But its internal unity is higher than that of Petronius: Apuleius, of course, often tends to be poetic, but never engages in poetry; Sometimes everyday language makes itself felt, but the author avoids the verism of the speech of Petronius’s freedmen.
In later development, one can note a simplification of the language, and sometimes it approaches the vulgar, qualitatively different from Petronius’ skillful depiction of common Latin in the sense that the caricature appears unintentional.
Way of Mind I. Literary Reflections
Petronius presents his work as novae simplicitatis opus (“a work of unheard-of simplicity,” 132). First of all, this relates to the content, but the principle of calling things by their proper names has not only a moral, but also a stylistic side. This thesis converges with grandis et pudica oratio, "high and chaste speech"(2), which the degraded rhetorician Agamemnon dreams of in Petronius.
Naturally, the poetic examples that Petronius gives are put into the mouth of a subject of far from impeccable morality, but one should not look for examples of bad literature in them. Scientists of earlier times aptly named Petronius auctor purissimae impuritatis, "a writer of the purest filth." His Latin is in all cases completely adapted to its subject.
If he forces his heroes to argue about the decline of eloquence or to praise chaste speeches for a lack of chastity in actions, then Apuleius openly makes the reader's pleasure a literary program and recognizes his own creativity - in conscious self-abasement - fabula Milesiaca, “the Milesian story,” that is, entertaining literature. Compared to the linguistic level, the literary program of Petronius rather goes too high, while that of Apuleius falls too low: at first one cannot guess that the story of the donkey has a more sublime meaning.
Mindset II
It is debated whether Petronius's work served purely entertainment purposes or was intended to be read as satire. Probably the antithesis itself is false. An analysis of the dictionary in comparison with the content shows that Petronius criticizes the meaningless animation of endlessly accessible pleasures and, without raising a moralizing finger, indirectly makes it clear that he - if not in the moral field, then in the field of good taste - knows about the advantages of wise self-restraint. Nevertheless, one cannot make Petronius an Epicurean or even a Stoic doctrinaire, although he is undoubtedly familiar with the teachings of both schools. At the very least, one can call him a particularly refined satirist who never upsets the reader by making his intentions clear.
In Apuleius, a similar problem is presented differently: there is so much light-hearted entertainment in the body of the novel that many readers perceive the religious ending as forced and incredible. Patient and meticulous research, however, has revealed the internal lines between the main narrative plan and the ending and - in addition - the thematic convergence of the whole and its parts, including episodes. There is no room for either/or here either. The point is that the "autobiographical" novel also approaches the story of philosophical or religious conversion and becomes an important preliminary stage of Christian autobiography. Despite this, Apuleius's novel is a highly enjoyable read. The sharp line between “serious” and “entertaining” literature turns out to be impossible again and again. The best parts of both novels owe their existence not to the genre but to the personalities of the authors.
It is fair that Petronius and Apuleius - each in the spirit of his time - give the novel a new orientation: Petronius - critical, Apuleius - religious-philosophical. In this way, the somewhat trivial worldview of the idealistic love story is indirectly overcome, partly by dispelling illusions, partly by deepening the content. However, the parodic aspect of this type of literature should not be considered the main intention of the Roman authors; this is a by-product that arises along with the primary one, arising from the intentions of the author, and they are dictated by the person and the era.
Anthony Diogenes, I-II centuries. according to R.H.; Lucian, True Stories (parody). Dramatic essay (approx., transl.).
Compare, for example, K. Plepelits in the introduction to his translation of Khariton, Stuttgart 1976, 10 ff.
N. Holzberg 1986 emphasizes the compensatory function of the idealistic novel in the Hellenistic era (eg, 39). R. Merkelbach 1962 establishes a seemingly too formulaic connection with the mysteries; There is no doubt that the creative stimulus of the Roman novel was the secularized desire for happiness and deliverance.
Patron planet of Roman: Mercury.
Favorable color for the owner of the name Roman: red-purple is a symbol of intellectual and physical activity.
Roman's favorite colors: yellow, red.
Roman's talisman stone: amethyst.
Origin of the name Roman
The name Roman comes from the Latin word “romanus”, i.e. Roman, Roman.
The Orthodox Church honors the memory of all the Romans who glorified themselves on the path of spreading Christianity and suffered for the faith of Christ.
On February 11, they commemorate the martyr Roman, beheaded by the sword in 297 for denouncing pagan religion in Syria. The Russian people prayed to the martyr Roman for deliverance from infertility and childlessness.
On February 16, the memory of the Russian prince Roman Uglitsky, the builder of churches and almshouses during the harsh times of the Mongol yoke, is honored.
October 14 - Roman, a Constantinople monk who served as a sexton in the St. Sophia Cathedral and received as a gift from the Mother of God the ability to compose church hymns and songs.
December 10 - St. Roman the Wonderworker, who lived near Antioch and performed miracles of healing.
Characteristics of the name Roman
Little Romans are restless and irresponsible. They do not tolerate the monotony of life, they can get carried away by a completely unexpected activity, leaving more realistic and promising activities for it.
Passion, an inventive mind, and a desire for variety complicate the life of the adult Roman and his loved ones. Although living with Roman is fun: he has an easy disposition, and his ingenuity knows no bounds. In the family, Roman is the leader, loves to spend money wisely, has a common sense, is organized, extremely patient and outwardly calm, but when necessary, he can show volcanic activity.
Confidence in their abilities and efficiency make Romanov attractive in the eyes of others. Romances are usually amorous and will not calm down until they find a wife of their own, who, however, will have to completely “dissolve” in her husband.
Boys are more often born in Roman's family. The Romans love their children and willingly play with them and help them with their studies.
Roman is a rather peculiar person, his originality is manifested in a certain recklessness. No matter how his fate turns out, Roman will be helped in life by such qualities of his character as balance and self-love.
The name Roman is identified with poplar, cypress and violet. It is also believed that he is protected by the swallowtail butterfly.
According to numerology, the name Roman corresponds to the number 1. It indicates a person’s tendency towards self-assertion, some ambition and even aggressiveness.
Roman's birthday: December 1 (November 18) - Roman of Caesarea, deacon, martyr.
Famous Novels
There are not many Romanovs among historical figures.
In 944, Russian ambassadors signed an agreement on duty-free trade between Rus' and Byzantium with the Byzantine emperor Roman Lekapin.
The name Roman was baptized by the legendary Boris, the son of Vladimir the Red Sun, who died in 1015 at the hands of his treacherous brother Svyatopolk the Accursed. The son of a Bulgarian woman, one of Vladimir’s many wives, Boris of Rostov was the favorite of the Grand Duke of Kyiv. Not wanting to join the turmoil caused by his elder brother Svyatopolk against his aging father, he accepted martyrdom. Together with his younger brother Gleb of Murom, he became one of the first Russian saints canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church. Passion-bearers Boris and Gleb, baptized Roman and David, are heroes not only of literary life, but also of numerous graphic images beloved by icon painters.
The name Roman was borne by the grandchildren and great-grandsons of Vladimir Monomakh - princes Roman of Vladimir-Volynsky and Roman of Galicia-Volynsky, who fought against strife for the unity of the princely lands (XII century).
Chronicles have preserved to this day the name of Roman Beckman, a Livonian by origin, who served as an interpreter at the Russian royal court at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries. Together with Fyodor Pisemsky, he performed diplomatic functions on behalf of Russia in England.
The emigrant writer Gul bore the name Roman. His first book, The Ice March, describing Europe as seen through the eyes of a foreigner, very quickly became a bestseller. For some time in Soviet Moscow, Gul’s book was considered politically useful, since it quite openly described the White Terror, which was beneficial to Bolshevik propaganda. Roman Gul managed to maintain relations with Soviet publishing houses, and his name periodically appeared on the pages of Russian periodicals. Until 1927, he was listed as a correspondent for several Leningrad newspapers. In the same year, another novel by Gul from Emigrant life, “Life Is Not Fuchs,” was published in Russia. Soon, however, Gul, along with many other writers, became a forbidden author for the Soviet reader. Among people named Roman, there are quite often people gifted with the gift of writing.
Many Romans become innovators in various fields of science. The name of Roman Yakobson, a young linguist who participated in the creation of a formal school in literary criticism, was known to generations of Soviet schoolchildren. Roman Yakobson graduated from the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, and then from Moscow University. In 1921, he left for Prague as part of the USSR permanent mission and never returned to Russia. In exile, Jacobson worked hard and fruitfully. He is known as the founder of the Prague and New York linguistic circles, and was a professor at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Numerous works by Roman Yakobson are devoted to early Slavic poetry and epic, the peculiarities of the language and style of Russian writing, and the study of Novgorod birch bark letters. In theoretical linguistics, he made a description of the verbal system of the Russian language and created a theory of cases. The range of his research in literary studies is extremely wide: from early Slavic poetry and “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” to articles on Pushkin, Radishchev, Blok, Khlebnikov, Pasternak. His last publication during his lifetime was “Oxford Slavic Letters” (1982).
The famous pop artist Roman Kartsev, together with his friends - stage partner Viktor Ilchenko and the author of many monologues of the Kartsev-Ilchenko duo, satirist Mikhail Zhvanetsky - worked at the Odessa Student Theater. Arkady Raikin attended one of the performances, who liked the young actor’s performance and invited Roman Kartsev to his theater in Leningrad. Later, Kartsev, Ilchenko and Zhvanetsky created a theater in Odessa and then moved to Moscow. The performances “Bravo, satire!”, “Sincerely yours...”, “When we rest” were successfully staged at the Moscow Hermitage Theater. Roman Kartsev also has small but bright roles in films (let’s remember Shvonder in the film adaptation of Mikhail Bulgakov’s story “Heart of a Dog”). Many men named Roman are artistic and have the gift of transformation.
Roman Viktyuk is the founder of his own theater and an innovator director. In the theater world, he attracts attention with talented, super-daring productions (“Maids”, “Madama Butterfly”). His creative search is interesting and unusual, and all performances are purely individual.
Roman von Sternberg - former dictator of Mongolia, nicknamed the “mad baron” by the Bolsheviks, an ardent monarchist who dreamed of reviving the Western world with the help of the “yellow race”; In 1921, by the verdict of a Soviet court, he was shot in Novonikolaevsk.
Roman Karmen is a cameraman and documentary director; during the Great Patriotic War he led a group of front-line cameramen and filmed the Nuremberg trials.
Roman Tkachuk is an actor at the Satire Theater in Moscow and a film actor.
What else to read
LATEST POSTS
- Love horoscope according to zodiac signs
- Nikita Isaev - fake oppositionist and face from TV
- Gerald Ford: domestic and foreign policy (briefly), biography, photo Who killed Gerald Ford
- Methods for placing a government order Customer's actions during an electronic auction
- Neuroses - therapeutic exercises for diseases of the nervous system Breathing exercises for neurosis and depression