Balcony slab repair and its features. Load on a balcony and a balcony slab in different houses What load is possible on a balcony slab

Balconies in houses - Khrushchev, which were designed for a service life of 15 - 20 years, after this time, often become dangerous for further operation. Therefore, repairing a balcony slab is the only way to ensure safety, and not only your own, but also your neighbors below, if the balcony is located in a panel house on the second floor and above. Such repairs involve either a complete replacement of the slab, or its high-quality strengthening. Sometimes it is possible to make the necessary changes in the design with your own hands.

Standard dimensions of a balcony slab:

• Length, mm - 3275;
• Width, mm - 800;
• Thickness, mm 150 ... 220 (different thickness of the balcony slab is associated with different series of Khrushchev houses being built).

In addition, concrete slabs for balconies are produced with a length range from 1200 mm to 7200 mm, with a width of 1200…1800 mm.

Loggia slabs have the same characteristics. The parameters of these products are regulated by GOST 25697-83, according to which they are divided into three groups:

1. 1 Flat solid beam type (PB). In a monolithic version, they are part of the overlap;
2. 2 Flat solid cantilever type (PBC). They are used only in Khrushchev houses with heavy walls that can withstand a load of at least 110 kg / m2;
3. 3 Ribbed cantilever type (PBR).

If we make an elementary calculation of a balcony slab, then we can come to the conclusion that in the latter version, the presence of stiffeners in the product design increases the allowable loads. However, over time, strengthening the balcony slab becomes relevant for these cases as well.

Installation of balcony slabs in a panel house

The installation technology is determined by the material from which the walls of the building are erected. For brick walls, embedding is carried out in a niche, limited by reinforced concrete lining elements, to a depth of at least 300 mm. In Khrushchev slabs of balconies were clamped between blocks, after which they were connected to them by welding. For this purpose, special anchor bolts are provided in the reinforcement cage.

You can strengthen the balcony in the following ways:

• Expansion of the balcony along the base of the slab without replacing it;
• Strengthening the balcony slab by reinforcing it;
• Complete replacement of a product that has become unusable, when the service life of the product has expired, and it is impossible to reinforce the balcony;
• Strengthening the parapet of the balcony, for which its design changes - the thickness of the rod, or its cross section.

It is worth noting that it is theoretically possible to repair a balcony slab in Khrushchev with your own hands, but it is very dangerous, since you should make an accurate calculation of all the resulting loads and overturning moments. Not only the structure itself is subject to calculation, for example, the dimensions of the console to be embedded, but also the attachment point of the console to the wall. The most affordable design option is to embed support slopes into the wall, which are welded to the lower plane of the balcony slab. From the point of view of structural mechanics, the installation of substitution struts from below is considered a more reliable option.

Important! It is mandatory to have the written consent of the neighbors below in case of installation of a strut when restoring a concrete slab.

The installation of new balcony slabs is carried out only after the walls have been erected and the ceiling of the next floor has been installed. The product to be installed is lifted by a crane, a so-called mortar bed is arranged in the groove, after which the part is laid by the installers strictly according to the markup, with a slight (no more than 1 0) slope in the opposite direction. The horizontal laying is checked by a pair of building levels, and the presence of a longitudinal slope is unacceptable. Next, the steel parts of the slab and embedded parts are welded, the slab is anchored, and only after that the slings that held the balcony slab during installation are removed. This is done in the case when the width of the existing, still fully functional balcony is insufficient.

How to strengthen the balcony without replacing the balcony slab

Repair and strengthening of the balcony structure in Khrushchev is carried out in several ways:

• To reinforce a slab partially destroyed from below in order to extend its service life, the product is treated with concrete contact along the lower plane. However, the width cannot be changed. The method of such restoration is suitable only when no more than 10% of the main size of the reinforcement is affected by corrosion. It is quite possible to do such work with your own hands, not forgetting the safety rules.
• Reinforcement of balconies by mounting an additional plate end-to-end to the bottom one, followed by welding of steel reinforcement elements to each other. This option is only possible for concrete walls.
• Do-it-yourself installation of additional side slopes. In this way, you can repair the balcony if it is expected to increase the load on it, for example, as a result of glazing. The attachment point for balcony slabs in this case is the diameter of the jib, the size of the anchors, and the method of laying them into the wall must be agreed with specialists. For buildings that are in communal ownership, an expert opinion will be required.
• Strengthening the balcony by replacing the parapet and / or railing. This method is often used when installing a glazing frame, especially if it is made of metal. This should also be done in case of a clear loss of parapet stability, and the process is quite accessible for do-it-yourself work.

Advice! It is safer to do any restoration of the slab with your own hands from below, being in the cradle of the lift, and not on a safety cable attached to the balcony itself.

A balcony is not only a decoration of any home and a comfortable seating area, but also a great place to store small household items. Repairing a balcony slab or strengthening it requires knowledge of the construction of the wall of the building itself, and also depends on the material that was used in the construction of the house.

The main types of plates used for the balcony and their features

A balcony is a slab that protrudes some distance from the wall of a building. For security reasons, it is fenced with railings around the perimeter. A balcony is a structure that includes a horizontal base plate, fixtures and railings.

To date, there are several types of balcony slabs, which differ in design:

Many believe that all slabs are a continuation of the overlap, but this is not entirely true. When building a balcony, a wide variety of fastening methods are used:

• Use of additional support. Mounted on the ground floor, as it requires an external steel, reinforced concrete or wooden support fixed on the ground;
• Pinching in the structure of the wall of the house. A cantilever plate is used;
• Suspension to the bearing walls of the balcony platform;
• In frame buildings, the support rests on the consoles of the internal walls or columns. In this case, there is no load on the wall.
• In panel-type houses, for example, in Khrushchev, balcony slabs are used with ceilings and based on reinforced concrete structures.
• Installation in a brick building is carried out by pinching in the facade of the house. Overhead and underlay elements made of reinforced concrete are immured into it. They form a niche for the stove. The edge that adjoins the wall is thickened. A fairly large entry into the wall of the building is required. It must be welded with steel anchors to reinforced concrete elements.

The main reasons for the destruction of the balcony

As practice shows, the main reason why balconies collapse is depressurization of joints and violation of waterproofing. As a result, moisture enters the room, forming condensate, from which mold appears.

In addition, moisture can act on reinforced concrete, penetrating into it and causing corrosion on the reinforcement. The age of concrete is directly related to the permeability of water. - the older it is, the easier it is for moisture to penetrate inside. Reinforcement that has undergone corrosion loses its bearing capacity and expands, which causes a deterioration in the bearing capacity of concrete.

Also, the destruction of the base of the balcony is caused by high pressure on the slab, sudden changes in temperature and a long absence of major and current repairs, such as in Khrushchev.

The reasons for the destruction of balconies can be errors made during installation. These include: the presence of a reverse slope of the slabs, the absence of drips and drains in the lower part of the concrete slab, and the absence of protective screens protecting the slab from moisture penetration.

There are 2 stages of destruction of the base of the balcony:

• The first includes minor destruction, when it is necessary to strengthen the slab. Such destruction is found in houses whose age is approaching 40 years. You can do it yourself, as this is a minor repair. For example, in cases of shedding corners.
• The second stage is the destructive appearance of the object. These include the collapse of part of the balcony, the appearance of cracks at the junction with the wall, open sections of reinforcement, destruction is observed in the upper layer of the platform or delamination in its lower part.

Who should repair the stove

Due to the fact that the regulations do not specify what a balcony is (living space or part of the supporting structure), it is impossible to clearly answer the question of who to contact and who is responsible for the repair. Ideally, the balcony slab should be replaced and strengthened by the management company, but the railing and parapet should be the owner of the apartment himself. However, it is not possible to answer the question with accuracy at whose expense the repair is carried out. On this basis, disagreements very often arise between the tenants of the apartment and the managing organization.

If the fact of destruction of the integrity of the plate was noticed, then an application should be written to the management company. This document is signed by a specialist and recorded in the appropriate journal. A good reinforcement of your words will be an application in the form of several photos of the destroyed balcony. Neighbors who live down the floor must leave their signatures on the relevant application. The next step will be the decision on further actions. You can wait for utilities, or you can do the repairs yourself or with the help of construction teams. In the latter case, an estimate is needed in order to receive a recalculation of the rent in the future. In the event that none of the options suits you, you can safely go to court.

Balcony restoration stages

In order to carry out repairs with your own hands, for example, in Khrushchev, you need to know in what sequence and what needs to be done.

• The first step will be preparation for repair - clean the balcony of debris, remove all unnecessary items, remove crumbled concrete.
• Bare parts of the fittings must be cleaned of rust. The first layer is easily removed, but the lower ones must be treated with a special tool.
• The mesh of reinforcement is attached to the slab with dowels. So that it lies without protrusions in a concrete screed, a small gap is left between the mesh and the slab. Formwork boards are fixed around the entire perimeter of the board.
• Next, you need to prepare a solution consisting of cement and sand, which will be poured onto the reinforcement. In the future, the screed is covered with cement and overwritten, that is, “hardened”. It is important to remember that the thickness of the screed exceeds the thickness of the mesh by two or more times.
• The surface below should be treated with a primer and plastered a little later.

If the reinforcing cage has undergone more corrosion, strengthening the slab will be the best way out. Here it is necessary to carry out a set of preparatory measures.

• The first step is to install steel beams on the sides of the platform and fix them to the wall with a console. Weld a mesh to them and start pouring concrete, the process of which was described above.
• Upon completion of the repair work, the surface should be waterproofed. For this purpose, materials of coating or roll types are suitable.

Conclusion

So, if the repair is done by hand, you should remember that this is not an easy task. This largely depends on the degree of destruction of the balcony. You can do something yourself, and entrust something to professional construction teams. In order not to be mistaken, it is recommended to carefully check the degree of wear of a particular element. If there is no experience in this matter, then it is better to contact an appraiser.

Today we will talk about how to properly operate the balconies and what should be the allowable load on the balcony.

According to the Decree of the State Construction Committee No. 170 “On approval of the rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock”, littering, pollution, misuse, as well as placement of bulky and heavy things on balconies and loggias, unauthorized installation of balconies, loggias, and development of inter-balcony space are not allowed .

In the event of an emergency condition of balconies and loggias, it is necessary to close and seal the entrances to them, carry out security work and take measures to restore them.

To prevent leaks and freezing at the junction of walls and filling window (balcony) openings along the perimeter of window (balcony) boxes, there should be sealing and insulation (felt, tow, foam rubber, etc.) with compression by 30 - 50%.

In order to save fuel and improve the temperature and humidity conditions of the premises, window (balcony) openings should be equipped with sealing gaskets, preferably made of polyurethane foam (foam rubber), which must be replaced at least once every 5 years.

Do not forget about the appearance of balconies (loggias). Metal railings, black steel plums, and flower boxes should be periodically painted with weatherproof paints. The color of the paint must correspond to that specified in the color passport of the facade.

The location, shape and fastening of flower boxes must comply with the accepted design and architectural design of the building. Flower boxes should be installed on pallets, with a gap of at least 50 mm from the wall; if the project does not provide for special external fastenings, the boxes should be installed on the inside of the railings of balconies (loggias).

If the balcony is glazed, the windows must be painted once every 5 years.

In a number of apartment buildings, balconies or loggias equipped with an external staircase, connecting balconies or loggias floor by floor, are emergency exits.

Doors leading to stairs must not have locks or other locks from the outside. In addition, balconies or loggias through which evacuation is carried out should not be glazed.

It is also not allowed to clutter loggias or balconies with household items (furniture, containers, etc.).

Special attention should be paid to the possible load on the balcony, since many residents of our country use it as a storage room. In accordance with SNiP 2.01.

07-85 "Loads and impacts", the band uniform load on a section 0.8 m wide along the balcony railing should be 400 kg/m2. Over the entire area of ​​​​the balcony slab - 200 kg / m2.

The horizontal load on the handrails of the balcony railings is 30 kg/m2.

How to calculate the load on the balcony slab?

If we rely on the data of SNiP "Loads and Impacts", then the maximum load along the edge of the balcony (a strip 0.8 m wide) will be - 400 kg / m2, i.e. load per linear meter of the edge of the balcony - 320 kg / m.p. Standard design load - 112 kg / m.p. But each series of the house can have its own indicators!

Specifically, I don't know! But in any case - no more!

In your version - on the blind part of the balcony (side walls) the load will be about 240 kg / m.p. when using slotted bricks and 340 kg / m.p. when using a solid brick. I wonder how to seal a slotted brick on the edge? Plastering! And the weight of the plaster! The front wall with a double-glazed window will give a load of about 180 kg / m.p. (solid brick per 1 m height).

I hope the exterior and interior decoration will be light, for example - siding!

This means that you do not reach the maximum load, it seems to be good! But you significantly exceed the standard load. This is already bad! Your house is not very new. Depreciation is probably more than 30%, which means that the bearing capacity of the balcony slab is also reduced. Approximately, by 30%. True, and built with a margin! But with what, and how was it built?

You can hope you get lucky! And if not?

In general, you need to do a technical inspection of the balcony! Or better, use lighter materials. Double-glazed window with bottom deaf sandwich,

light insulated partitions, etc.

Every time before deciding to weld a balcony with a dubious slab, I suggest that the client load the balcony slab, of course, having previously studied its wear. Gradually loading the plate up to 300 kg per sq.m.
In the regulatory document SNiP 2.01.

07-85* "Loads and impacts" gives the allowable loads on various structural elements of buildings, including balcony slabs. Standard values ​​of uniformly distributed live loads on floor slabs, including balcony ones, are given in Table 3 of this standard (clause 3.5, SNiP 2.01.07-85*).

Position 10 of Table 3 indicates that the standard load values ​​for balconies and loggias, taking into account the load, are:

a) strip uniform in a section with a width of 0.8 m along the balcony or loggia railing - 4.0 kPa (400 kgf / m²)

b) continuous uniform on the area of ​​a balcony or loggia, the impact of which is not more favorable than that determined by position 10a - 2.0 kPa (200 kgf / m²)

According to SNiP 2.01.

07-85 * load-bearing elements of ceilings, roofs, stairs and balconies (loggias) are checked by concrete goods manufacturers for a concentrated vertical load applied to the element in an unfavorable position on a square site with sides no more than 100 mm (in the absence of other temporary loads). At the same time, the values ​​of standard concentrated loads, if higher ones are not provided for in the construction assignment based on technological solutions, should be taken as follows (clause 3.10, SNiP 2.01.07-85 *):

for floors and stairs - 1.5 kN (150 kgf);
for attic floors, coatings, terraces and balconies - 1.0 kN (100 kgf).

The value of the payload, such as equipment and people, is determined by the purpose of the building and room. For a residential building apartment, the payload is 150 kgf/m².

To calculate the value of the totality of loads acting on the balcony slab, it is necessary to multiply the weight of the floor and the payload by the reliability factors:

g f - load safety factor (floor weight - g f \u003d 1.2 and payload of an apartment in a residential building - g f \u003d 1.3); g n - safety factor for the purpose of the building (residential and public buildings - g n \u003d 0.95, one-story residential buildings - g n \u003d 0.9).

However, one must also keep in mind the degree of deterioration of the balcony, which is determined by the table of this document, as well as the deterioration of the walls, which are determined according to the document DEPARTMENTAL BUILDING NORMS VSN 53-86 (R) "RULES FOR ASSESSING THE PHYSICAL WEAR OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS" (APPROVED BY THE ORDER OF THE GOSSTROY OF THE USSR DATED DECEMBER 24 1986 N 446)

Laying a parapet from a foam block on a loggia

When glazing a loggia with plastic windows, in most cases it is necessary to make the masonry of the parapet and side walls-partitions from foam blocks or hollow (lightweight) bricks. Let's look at cases where the use of foam block masonry on loggias is mandatory. We will also consider the advantages of masonry made by LOGIA.RU specialists

8 advantages of our masonry:

Foam block masonry is additionally reinforced by us with metal inserts in the side reinforced concrete / brick walls of the loggia - this gives high stability to the masonry! or metal fittings > 10 mm in diameter - this gives high rigidity to the masonry and is strictly necessary so that the masonry does not sway and does not have free play. Foam block masonry on each loggia attached to the room, regardless of its length and location (number of floors) additional reinforced by us in each seam with a metal mesh and / or metal fittings > 10 mm in diameter! This is strictly necessary to ensure and improve your safety! Masonry is made of high-density foam block D600 - which means that the density of the foam concrete block is 600 kg / m3. The foam block brand D600 refers to the structural and heat-insulating type of foam concrete, i.e. is a material of a heat-insulating class and is intended for the construction of load-bearing walls (strength class - B2.5 and higher). The foam block of this brand has a frost resistance coefficient of F15-F35, which makes it possible to use it in our winter conditions. The acoustic properties of such a foam block are such that sound is absorbed in it without being reflected, unlike walls made of heavy concrete or brick. They are especially good at absorbing low noise frequencies, which is very important for apartment owners whose windows and balconies overlook noisy car avenues. Due to the long internal maturation, the thermal insulation and strength characteristics of the foam block only improve over time. The foam block masonry is additionally protected from atmospheric precipitation by installing plastic siding / sheets and corners made of galvanized straight or corrugated steel / asbestos-cement sheets on a metal parapet with additional processing of all joints and junctions with silicone or polyurethane one-component low-temperature sealant. Foam block masonry in winter conditions is made by us to minus 10 ° C using a specialized anti-frost additive (potash). The freezing point of the solution saturated with this additive is minus 37 ° C, which allows the solution to dry in the cold, and not harden! The reliability of the masonry depends on the quality of the assembly mixture used for block joints. We use a strictly factory-made mixture of the M200, M300 brands. The parapet is laid in compliance with the horizontal and vertical levels, which is necessary for the subsequent installation of glazing and work on the insulation and finishing of the loggia.

Foam block parapet laying is necessary when:

a metal parapet was initially installed on the loggia, on which plastic windows cannot be installed - in this case, we lay the parapet from the foam block parallel to the metal parapet

a reinforced concrete parapet was initially installed on the loggia, which is in the air and attached to the walls using metal plates / corners and welded joints - in this case, we lay the parapet from the foam block parallel to the reinforced concrete parapet

between your and neighboring loggias there is a metal shield-partition made of asbestos-cement sheet. The partition is dismantled and in its place a floor-to-ceiling partition wall is erected from the foam block (in this case, it is desirable to obtain the consent of the neighbor)

the level of the concrete parapet and the upper ceiling (i.e. the ceiling of the loggia) does not match in vertical level. In this case, thanks to the laying of the parapet from the foam block, it is possible to obtain an accurate window opening, and after installing PVC windows, freezing and water flow to the loggia can be avoided.

It is important to know! The laying of the parapet and side walls-partitions is carried out by us mainly from foam blocks and extremely rarely from lightweight ceramic bricks. Depending on the permissible load on the concrete floor of the loggias (SNiP 2.01.07-85 load and impact), a foam block or lightweight brick is used.

We recommend using a foam block, because. foam block masonry is much lighter than ceramic brick masonry. For comparison: weight 1 sq.m. wall made of single ceramic hollow bricks is over 160 kg, while the weight of 1 sq.m. walls made of foam concrete D600 is no more than 70kg! The difference is obvious.

When performing masonry from a foam block, a prerequisite is the creation of additional protection from weather conditions, namely from direct moisture on the foam block itself. To do this, we install foam block protection on the parapet. At the same time, in order not to stand out from the general mass of loggias on the facade of the house, we offer several options for protecting the foam block from the street.

The most common option for standard series of houses is the sheathing of the parapet with a straight or corrugated sheet of galvanized steel. Sometimes plastic siding is used. The steel sheet is attached to the parapet with metal rivets, and each joint is treated with silicone sealant.

Also a common solution in many series of houses is the installation of an asbestos-cement (aceid) sheet on the parapet as protection for the foam block. Sheets of asbestos cement in this case are bolted to the metal parapet.

In some cases, on loggias with metal parapets, it is possible (necessary) to strengthen the support stability for loading under plastic glazing. In this case, on the main metal parapet of the loggia, additional horizontal and vertical reinforcing elements from a metal corner> or corrugated pipe> are installed and mechanically fastened.

We also offer and carry out the option without laying the parapet with a foam block - this is the glazing of the loggia with plastic windows from floor to ceiling. It is important to correctly calculate the design of windows using an intensifying, expanding (additional) profile and temperature compensators.

Most of all, such glazing is installed in modern monolithic-brick houses with common facades.

It is important to know! When carrying out masonry work, you should know and remember that the construction of masonry directly on the parapet itself in order to reduce the opening is a prohibited type of work. This not only distorts the architectural appearance of the building, but is also unacceptable in terms of permitted loads on the loggia floors (SNiP 2.01.07-85 loads and impacts)! Here are some examples:

It should also be understood that the installation and masonry work on the loggias should be trusted to professionals in this field.

Sources:

http://www.lodjiya.ru/artlpages.php?id=74

Source: http://pilorama-lp.ru/nagruzka-na-balkon/

How much weight can a balcony in a panel house withstand: how much can a balcony slab withstand

Almost every apartment has a balcony or loggia. The difference between a balcony and a loggia is that the slab on which the whole structure rests protrudes above the facade of the house, while the loggia is a kind of niche, i.e. does not go beyond it.

The structural feature of the balcony is such that three of the four sides of the monolithic slab are not supported, and this presents a potential danger of collapse due to increased pressure. This fact should make the owners think about the maximum load on the balcony slab.

You can enumerate many situations when it is important to consider the maximum weight of the load. Moreover, violation of SNiP may result in an administrative fine.

Rice. 1 The maximum load on the balcony is 200 kg/m2

How do you know if the balcony will withstand the new sheathing?

Why is it important to know how much load a concrete slab can withstand? First of all, for the safety of yourself and those around you. There will always be an example when a collapsed balcony slab caused a human tragedy, caused great material damage, falling on someone's car or underlying infrastructure.

Even relatively new houses built 10-20 years ago have load limits, even if the builders used reinforcement of the balcony slab.

And what can we say about Khrushchev, over 60 years old? Many old houses have an emergency status, this implies a constant risk of an accident when the balcony slab may not even support its own weight.

Under such circumstances, it is pointless to calculate the balcony slab.

In everyday practice, to find out how much weight a balcony can withstand, you need to:

• during repair, glazing, insulation. sheathing;
• when you intend to install wooden / plastic windows;
• when you use it as a greenhouse, winter garden, the only / additional pantry, storing old unnecessary things there;
• are going to combine a balcony with a room, keep pieces of furniture, household appliances there.

In the case of combining a balcony with a room / kitchen, to determine whether the balcony will withstand the expected load or not, the BTI employee may require when coordinating the redevelopment with the combination of premises. It is necessary to find the exact technical data of the passport of a residential building when developing a project.

All plans related to the need to keep a large number of things there must be consistent with the technical parameters of the balcony slab. It should be borne in mind that the load capacity of the plate, which is about 1800 kg, and the permissible load are not identical concepts. There are many nuances here.

Main technical parameters of balcony slabs

The maximum allowable load on the balcony is indicated by SNiP 2.01.07-85 with the calculation of kilograms per square meter. So, for a panel / brick house in normal operating condition, the maximum load is 200 kg / m2.

In total, in an average panel house, balcony slabs can withstand about 0.72 tons.

Rice. 2 When calculating the load, we take into account the weight of the cladding, glazing and precipitation

But this does not mean at all that you can immediately place heavy furniture and household appliances there with a total weight of more than 700 kg. It is important to consider other parameters:

• the degree of wear (age) of the structure;
• presence / absence of glazing;
• weight of sheathing, insulation;
• scheme of the apartment, the location of the balcony (corner / front);
• the weight of possible precipitation (snow, rainwater).

The maximum load on the balcony, taking into account the weight of all structures (they include windows, transoms, wooden / plastic trim used by the owners individually for insulation and decoration) can be reduced by 100-150 kg.

It is also important to provide for the possibility of precipitation in winter in the form of snow, which can weigh up to 200 kg. In total, it becomes even easier to determine how much furniture / appliances can be stored, how much weight a balcony can withstand.

We subtract from the received 720 kg the weight of windows, sliding window structures, sheathing, precipitation, we get 370 kg.

Do not forget to take into account that people will periodically enter the balcony, so we take the weight of three more people up to 80 kg, this will further reduce the load by 240 kg. In total, we have 130 kg left for storing personal belongings, equipment, furniture, plants, and various materials.

And this is if we take a new panel house as a standard. For Khrushchev, the maximum possible load can be up to 50-80% less than what we calculated for the panel, i.e. 360-576 kg.

Considering the state of emergency, dilapidated balcony slabs, it is easy to understand: some balconies are not only not suitable for storing things, but are simply dangerous. You can’t be on them, go to the edge of the slab, because. there is always the possibility of collapse.

Remember, the load on the edge of the balcony will always be slightly higher according to the law of physics. Moreover, the thickness of the balcony slab in Khrushchev may be less than the panel one.

Rice. 3 In emergency houses, it is simply dangerous to go out onto the balcony

Important! The load on the loggia is not calculated as for the balcony, due to structural differences. Since the loggia is, in fact, part of the main floor slab of the house structure, the same SNiP standards apply there.

Maximum load on a balcony slab: how much can a balcony in a panel house withstand? Link to main post

Any work related to the redevelopment of a balcony or apartment must comply with SNIP. This is a summary of sanitary standards that determine the safety of housing operation. They set all the necessary standards depending on the type of structure. Indeed, for example, a balcony slab will be different, given the brick house, panel or Khrushchev.

Balcony slab can withstand a certain weight. A panel house has its own norms of SNIP, Khrushchev and a brick house have their own. Consider the basic provisions regarding the load. This information will be useful in deciding the overhaul of the balcony, as well as its insulation.

In order to calculate how much weight the balcony can withstand, you need to start from some indicators. Let's see how much the weight of materials for repair, decoration and insulation can be. To do this, take the load capacity of the balcony in 1770 kg.

Simultaneous weight loads can be divided into several main points:

• 240 kg - 3 people with an average of 80 kg of weight;
• household appliances, utensils, linen, etc. - 175 kg;
• atmospheric load. For example, not yet drained rainwater, snow, ice - 200 kg.

It must be said that the minimum strength factor in an open structure is 2. In enclosed spaces that are not affected by the environment, it will be less than 1.5. It turns out that in the open form the balcony experiences a load in our case according to the maximum indicators - 615 kg, and taking into account its coefficient in front of the glazing, the load is 922.5 kg. It turns out that there is a load margin of up to 847.5 kg for finishing and other materials. Now let's look at the required glazing materials and their weight.

A standard balcony in a panel house will require 6 blocks of PVC profiles with 2-chamber double-glazed windows. Each of them weighs about 80 kg, which means that the total weight is 480 kg. As a result, there will be a reserve of 367.5 kg. This is despite the fact that in any case there should be a reserve of at least 100 kg. It turns out that 267.5 kg remains for finishing materials. This is not so much, especially considering that one square meter of facing tiles, for example, weighs from 20 to 25 kg. Therefore, before planning repairs on the balcony, it is very important to clearly calculate the load that the balcony slab can withstand, the features of the type of buildings (panel house, Khrushchev, brick house, etc.), the total load.

Plate insulation

Without insulation of the balcony slab, a major overhaul, in fact, does not make sense. But insulation should also be calculated based on the loads. Moreover, a brick house has differences in design than a panel house with more than 5 floors. Therefore, let's look at the most optimal options for insulating a balcony.

If the balcony slab is not too damaged, reinforcement with metal mesh is sufficient. After its installation, the floor is poured with expanded clay concrete composition. It is necessary to calculate the amount of the mixture so that the mesh remains in the middle between the entire thickness of the fill.

If the slab is very badly damaged, it is cleaned of debris, then, after applying the reinforcing mesh, it is treated with a special compound. Before pouring, a wooden formwork is made. After all the procedures, a screed is performed, after which a penetrating waterproofing is applied, and then a light liquid cement mortar is applied.

In cases where the slope of the concrete slab is more than 10 degrees, an additional layer of screed is performed, which levels the surface to the desired level.

strengthening

Often it is necessary to carry out not only work on the insulation of balconies, but also on strengthening. For this, a special stand strut is used. This option, alas, is not suitable for Khrushchev, since there the maximum height is 2.4-2.5 meters. Such manipulation is done in houses with high ceilings.

Strengthening is also possible by welding special overhead jibs to the reinforcement. This procedure is performed by punching strobes in the wall; they are made along the perimeter of the concrete slab. The cracks and the resulting grooves are sealed with frost-resistant concrete. Just two jibs are enough to securely strengthen the structure.

It turns out that the overhaul on the balcony must be approached with maximum composure. The plate does not withstand too large loads, which means that the quantity and quality of materials should be selected based on the consumer need for using the premises, as well as the possible load margin, along with the already existing indicators. Then, with the right calculation, the repair will be done properly, the room is strengthened and insulated, which means it will last for many years.

The balcony slab is the foundation of your balcony. It is on its strength characteristics and dimensions that the operational properties of the balcony structure depend. Read.

Specifications

Types of balcony slabs, their main parameters and dimensions are regulated by GOST 25697-83.

Balcony slabs are divided into the following types:

• PB - flat solid beams;
• PBK - flat solid cantilever;
• PBR - ribbed cantilever.

Balcony slabs are manufactured in length from 1200 mm to 7200 mm, width from 1200 mm to 1800 mm. Standard dimensions of balcony slabs: length - 3275 mm, width 800 mm.

The thickness of the balcony slab in brick and panel houses or in Khrushchev varies from 150 mm to 220 mm, depending on the type of slab, its size and weight.

The balcony slab series consists of several groups of numbers and letters, the series is deciphered as follows: the main group of letters and numbers is the type of slab, the length and width of the slab in decimeters. Additional groups of numbers and letters may contain the following information: if the balcony slab is equipped with an emergency exit, then it is indicated on which side of the slab it is located, on the left or right; class of prestressing reinforcement, type of concrete, if it is light; for heavy concrete indicates the type of finish of the upper front surface.

Permissible loads on the balcony slab are regulated by SNiP 2.01.07-85* “Loads and Impacts”: on a 0.8 m wide section along the balcony railing - 400 kgf/m2; over the entire balcony area - 200 kgf / m2. The standard design load on a balcony slab in a brick house is 112 kgf / m.p.

Kinds

• Balcony slabs PB are reinforced concrete multi-hollow floor slabs. Dimensions of balcony slab 1: product length 3440 mm, product width 1400, product thickness 160 mm.
• In a monolithic version, the balcony slab can be integral with the floor slab.
• The cantilevered balcony slab is fastened by pinching it in the wall on one side, or on two opposite sides. Suitable for buildings with heavy walls, such as bricks with reinforced concrete floors.

Calculation and device

The balcony slab for brick walls has a special ledge to ensure that the slab enters a special niche in the wall, formed by reinforced concrete lining immured into the wall. Bearing brick walls, as a rule, are made of two or more bricks, so the entry of the balcony slab into the wall is 300 mm or more.

The junction of the balcony slab on the brick wall is the junction of the horizontal and vertical planes. Moreover, the support unit can only be implemented on a load-bearing wall. The support node is calculated to determine the allowable loads, according to GOST 956-91.

The overturning stability of a balcony slab is calculated by comparing the overturning moment with the holding moment from the weight of the structure.

Mounting technology

The technology for attaching balcony slabs depends on the material from which the building is built.

During the construction of a brick house, a balcony slab is attached to the masonry walls.

In a large-panel building, balcony slabs are clamped between building blocks. In both cases, balcony slabs are welded to reinforced concrete lintels and ceilings by means of anchors connected to the reinforcing cage.

Expansion of the balcony along the base of the slab

strengthening

To reinforce the balcony slab, a reinforcing mesh is used, mounted from a wire with a diameter of 5 mm, the rods of which are connected by welding or special soft wire. The mesh is laid on a slab and poured with concrete.

Strengthening the balcony slab in a panel house can be done using the cement screed method.

Repair of balcony slabs

Work on the restoration of the balcony slab is a major overhaul. This type of work is carried out if the destruction of the slab has not yet reached the base, and the reinforcement is damaged by corrosion no more than 10%. The process of restoring a balcony slab includes: cleaning the slab, renovating the reinforcing cage, mounting the formwork, laying a concrete screed, reinforcing the parapet. Plates with more significant damage are classified as emergency and must be replaced. If the destruction of the balcony slab is detected, it is necessary to contact the management company with an application to create a commission and draw up an act on the degree of destruction of the balcony and possibly recognize it as emergency.