Calculation of the private heating system. Calculation of the heating system of a private house: formulas, reference data, examples

concept heating calculation is very abstract, because in order to calculate the heating of a house, it is necessary to perform calculations of heat losses, the power of the heating system, choose a comfortable temperature regime, perform a hydraulic calculation of the pipeline, etc. So let's look at all aspects of calculating heating separately.

To calculate home heating systems, you can use the calculator for calculating heating, heat loss at home.

Stage 1. Heat loss at home, calculation of heat loss.

After performing the calculation, the heat loss of each room must be divided by the volume of the room in m 2, as a result of which we get specific heat loss in W/sq.m. As a rule, heat losses can vary from 50 to 150 W/sq.m. In the case when the results you get will be very different from those given, then, probably, a mistake was made somewhere. It should also be taken into account that the heat loss of the rooms of the upper floor will be higher than that of the first floor, the smallest heat loss will be in the rooms of the middle floors.

Stage 2. Temperature regime.

For your calculations, you can safely take the temperature mode 75/65/20, this mode fully complies with European heating standards EN 442. You will not be mistaken if you choose this particular temperature mode, since almost all foreign heating boilers are configured for it.

Stage 3. Selecting the power of heating radiators.

After you have completed the calculations of heat loss at home and have chosen the temperature regime, you need to choose the right radiators for heating. We already wrote about this in the article: Heating radiators, types and types of heating radiators, you can also use the table of characteristics of heating radiators, and then select the required power.

Stage 4. Calculation of sections of heating radiators.

An important step is the calculation of sections of heating radiators, in the article Calculation of sections of heating radiators, an example of calculating the number of sections of heating radiators by volume of the room is given.

Stage 5. Hydraulic calculation of the pipeline

The main task of the next stage is to determine the diameter of the pipes and the characteristics of the circulation pump. Hydraulic calculation of the pipeline will allow you to determine the parameters of pressure pipelines, such as the water flow (capacity) of the pipeline, the length of the pipeline section, or its internal diameter, as well as the pressure drop in the pipeline section.

You should also study the material on: How to calculate the pipeline.

If you go a little deeper, you can study the material: Calculation of hydraulic systems.

Stage 6. Choosing a heating boiler

Information on how to choose the right heating boiler is given in the article: Heating boilers, types and types of boilers.

Stage 7. Selection of pipes for heating.

Special pipes are used for heating a house, so you should familiarize yourself with what pipes are needed for heating a house: Types and types of pipes for heating. For private residences, you can use:

The calculation of the heating of the building is made in accordance with the selected type of heating.

In a private house, it may differ in the following ways:

• heat source;
• type of heating devices;
• type of coolant circulation, etc.

The most common is a water heating system with a gas boiler as a heat source.
Its main elements are pipelines, valves and radiators. When installing heating in a private house, it is supplemented by a heating boiler, a circulation pump and an expansion tank. Boiler power, pipe diameters, number and characteristics of radiators are determined by calculation.

The calculation of the heating system is extremely important. Mistakes and carelessness at this stage entail costly and tedious rework. It is quite possible to make it yourself.

Calculation steps

• calculation of heat loss at home;
• selection of temperature regime;
• selection of heating radiators by power;
• hydraulic calculation of the system;
• boiler selection.

The table will help you understand what kind of radiator power you need for your room.

Heat loss calculation

The thermotechnical part of the calculation is performed on the basis of the following initial data:

• specific thermal conductivity of all materials used in the construction of a private house;
• geometric dimensions of all elements of the building.

In addition to the above initial data, it is necessary to know the internal dimensions of each room, the climatic area of ​​\u200b\u200bconstruction and determine the location of the house relative to the cardinal points.

The heat load on the heating system in this case is determined by the formula:
Mk \u003d 1.2 x Tp, where

Tp - total heat loss of the building;

Mk - boiler power;

1.2 - safety factor (20%).

For individual buildings, heating can be calculated using a simplified method: the total area of ​​​​the premises (including corridors and other non-residential premises) is multiplied by the specific climatic power, and the resulting product is divided by 10.

The value of the specific climatic power depends on the construction site and is equal to:

• for the central regions of Russia - 1.2 - 1.5 kW;
• for the south of the country - 0.7 - 0.9 kW;
• for the north - 1.5 - 2.0 kW.

Temperature conditions and selection of radiators

The mode is determined based on the temperature of the coolant (most often it is water) at the outlet of the heating boiler, the water returned to the boiler, as well as the air temperature inside the premises.

The optimal mode, according to European standards, is the ratio 75/65/20.

To select heating radiators before installation, you must first calculate the volume of each room. For each region of our country, the required amount of thermal energy per cubic meter of space has been established. For example, for the European part of the country, this figure is 40 watts.

To determine the amount of heat for a particular room, it is necessary to multiply its specific value by cubic capacity and increase the result by 20% (multiply by 1.2). Based on the figure obtained, the required number of heaters is calculated. The manufacturer indicates their power.

For example, each fin of a standard aluminum radiator has a power of 150 W (at a coolant temperature of 70°C). To determine the required number of radiators, it is necessary to divide the required thermal energy by the power of one heating element.

Hydraulic calculation

There are special programs for hydraulic calculation.

One of the costly stages of construction is the installation of the pipeline. A hydraulic calculation of the heating system of a private house is needed to determine the diameters of the pipes, the volume of the expansion tank and the correct selection of the circulation pump. The result of the hydraulic calculation are the following parameters:

• Heat carrier consumption as a whole;
• Loss of pressure of the heat carrier in the system;
• Pressure loss from the pump (boiler) to each heater.

How to determine the flow rate of the coolant? To do this, it is necessary to multiply its specific heat capacity (for water, this figure is 4.19 kJ / kg * deg. C) and the temperature difference at the outlet and inlet, then divide the total power of the heating system by the result.

The pipe diameter is selected based on the following condition: the water velocity in the pipeline should not exceed 1.5 m/s. Otherwise, the system will make noise. But there is also a lower speed limit - 0.25 m / s. The installation of the pipeline requires the evaluation of these parameters.

If this condition is neglected, then airing of the pipes may occur. With properly selected sections, a circulation pump built into the boiler is sufficient for the functioning of the heating system.

The head loss for each section is calculated as the product of the specific friction loss (specified by the pipe manufacturer) and the length of the pipeline section. In the factory specifications, they are also indicated for each fitting.

Boiler selection and some economics

The boiler is selected depending on the degree of availability of a particular type of fuel. If gas is connected to the house, it makes no sense to purchase solid fuel or electric. If you need the organization of hot water supply, then the boiler is not chosen according to the heating power: in such cases, the installation of two-circuit devices with a power of at least 23 kW is chosen. With less productivity, they will provide only one point of water intake.

Determining the cost of heating

The calculation of the cost of heat energy depends on which heat source is chosen by the homeowner. If preference is given to a gas boiler and the house is gasified, then the total amount will include the price of the heating device (about 1300 euros) and the cost of connecting it to the gas pipeline (about 1000 euros).

Next, add the cost of electricity. Despite the fact that the main type of fuel in this case is gas, electricity is still indispensable. It is necessary to ensure the operation of the circulation pump and automation elements. On average, the boiler consumes 100 W during the heating season and 20 W during the warm season (to provide hot water).

To date, the most well-known heating system for a private house is independent heating using a water-heating boiler. Oil stoves, electric fireplaces, fan heaters and infrared heaters are commonly used as supplemental space heating.

The heating system of a private house is based on elements such as heating devices (radiators, batteries), a main pipe and a shut-off and control device. All elements of the system are necessary to provide the premises of a private house with thermal energy, which enters the heating devices from a heat generator. The service life and performance of a heating system based on a water heating boiler directly depend on high-quality installation and careful use. But there is a factor that plays an equally important role - the skillful calculation of the heating system.

Calculation of heating of a country house

Consider one of the simplest formulas for calculating the water heating system for heating a private house. For ease of understanding, standard room types will be taken into account. The calculations in the example are based on a single-circuit heating boiler, since it is the most common type of heat generator in the heating system of a suburban area.

As an example, a two-story house is taken, on the second floor of which there are 3 bedrooms and 1 toilet. On the ground floor there is a living room, a corridor, a second toilet, a kitchen and a bathroom. To calculate the volume of rooms, the following formula is used: the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room multiplied by its height equals the volume of the room. The calculation calculator looks like this:

• bedroom No. 1: 8 m 2 × 2.5 m = 20 m 3;
• bedroom number 2: 12 m 2 × 2.5 m = 30 m 3;
• bedroom number 3: 15 m 2 × 2.5 m = 37.5 m 3;
• toilet No. 1: 4 m 2 × 2.5 m = 10 m 3;
• living room: 20 m 2 × 3 m = 60 m 3;
• corridor: 6 m 2 × 3 m = 18 m 3;
• toilet No. 2: 4 m 2 × 3 m \u003d 12 m 3;
• kitchen: 12 m 2 × 3 m = 36 m 3;
• bathroom: 6 m 2 × 3 m = 18 m 3.

After calculating the volume of all rooms, it is necessary to summarize the results obtained. As a result, the total volume of the house was 241.5 m 3 (rounded up to 242 m 3). The calculations necessarily take into account rooms in which there may not be heating devices (corridor). As a rule, the thermal energy in the house goes outside the premises and passively heats areas where heating devices are not installed.

Basic elements of heating systems. Click on the photo to enlarge.

The next step is to calculate the power of the water heating boiler, which is based on the required amount of heat energy per m 3. In each climatic zone, the indicator varies, with a focus on the minimum outdoor temperature in winter. For calculation, an arbitrary indicator of the proposed region of the country is taken, which is 50 W / m 3. The calculation formula is as follows: 50 W × 242 m 3 \u003d 12100 W.

To simplify the calculations, there are special programs. Click on the photo to enlarge.

The resulting indicator will need to be raised to a coefficient equal to 1.2. This will allow adding 20% ​​of the reserve power to the boiler, which will ensure its operation in the savings mode without any special overloads. As a result, we got the boiler power, which is equal to 14.6 kW. A water heating system with such power is quite easy to find, since a standard single-circuit boiler has a power of 10-15 kW.

Calculation of heating devices

Calculations are based on standard aluminum batteries. Each section of the battery produces 150 W of thermal energy at a water temperature of 70°C.

Having calculated the required heat energy for a separate room, you need to divide it by 150. The radiator heating calculator looks like this:

• bedroom No. 1: 20 m 3 × 50 W × 1.2 = 1200 W (radiator with 8 sections);
• bedroom No. 2: 30 m 3 × 50 W × 1.2 = 1800 W (radiator with 12 sections);
• bedroom No. 3: 37.5 m 3 × 50 W × 1.2 = 2250 W (radiator with 15 sections);
• toilet No. 1: 10 m 3 × 50 W × 1.2 = 600 W (radiator with 4 sections);
• living room: 60 m 3 × 50 W × 1.2 = 3600 W (radiator with 24 sections);
• corridor: 18 m 3 × 50 W × 1.2 = 1080 W (rounded up to 1200 W, an 8-section radiator is required);
• WC 2: 12 m 3 × 50 W × 1.2 = 720 W (rounded up to 750 W, 5-section radiator required);
• kitchen: 36 m 3 × 50 W × 1.2 = 2160 W (rounded up to 2250 W, a radiator with 15 sections is required);
• bathroom: 18 m 3 × 55 W × 1.2 = 1188 W (rounded up to 1200 W, an 8-section radiator is required).

The bathroom needs to be heated better, so the average is increased to 55 watts.

The formula for calculating sections of the heating battery. Click on the photo to enlarge.

In large rooms, it is necessary to install several radiators with the total number of required sections. For example, in bedroom number 2, you can install 3 radiators with 5 sections on each.

The calculator shows that the total power of the radiators was 14.8 kW. This means that a 15 kW water-heating boiler can cope with the provision of heating devices with heat.

Selection of pipes for the heating main

The main supplies heat carrier to all heating devices in the house. The modern market provides a choice of three types of pipes suitable for the main pipeline:

• plastic;
• copper;
• metal.

The most commonly used plastic pipes. Click on the photo to enlarge.

The most common type are plastic pipes. They are aluminum drain covered with plastic. This provides the pipes with special strength, as they do not rust from the inside and are not harmed from the outside. In addition, their reinforcement reduces the coefficient of linear expansion. They do not collect static electricity and do not require much experience to install.

Metal-based main pipes have many disadvantages. They are quite massive, and their installation requires experience with a welding machine. In addition, such pipes rust over time.

Copper main pipes are the best option, but they are also hard to work with. In addition to the difficulties of installation, they have high prices. If the calculation of the cost of heating easily fits into your budget, choose this option. In the absence of the necessary material resources, plastic pipes will be the best choice.

How is the heating system installed?

First you need to equip the heating devices. As a rule, radiators are mounted under windows, as hot air prevents cold air from entering windows. Installation of heating devices is carried out using a perforator and a level. No special equipment is required.

When installing heaters, it will be necessary to observe a single height for the placement of radiators, otherwise water will not be able to reach higher areas, and circulation will be disturbed.

Welding of plastic pipes. Click on the photo to enlarge.

Having installed heating devices, it is necessary to lay pipes to them. To install them, you will need tools such as construction scissors, a soldering iron and a tape measure. Before starting installation, you need to measure the total length of the pipes to be laid and calculate the presence of all plugs, bends and tees. Plastic pipes usually have notches with auxiliary lines, which helps to install correctly and accurately.

Important to know: when connecting pipes with a soldering iron, do not separate them after unsuccessful soldering, otherwise a leak may occur. You need to work with a soldering iron carefully, having previously trained on pieces of pipe that will no longer be needed during installation.

Additional devices

Based on statistics, a passive circulation heating system is able to effectively heat a room area not exceeding 110 m 2. For large rooms, it will be necessary to equip the boiler with a special pump, making the circulation of the coolant adjustable. Some manufacturers produce heat generators that are already equipped with a pump.

Following the above recommendations, you will be able to make an individual calculation of the heating system of a private cottage, as well as the calculation of the cost of the proposed equipment. To install a water heating system, you will not need a lot of labor (2-3 people) and special installation skills.

In the process of building any house, sooner or later the question arises - how to calculate the heating system correctly? This actual problem will never exhaust its resource, because if you buy a boiler of less power than necessary, you will have to spend a lot of effort to create secondary heating with oil and infrared radiators, heat guns, and electric fireplaces.

In addition, monthly maintenance, due to expensive electricity, will cost you a pretty penny. The same thing will happen if you buy a high-power boiler that will work at half strength, and consume no less fuel.

Our calculator for calculating the heating of a private house will help you avoid the typical mistakes of novice builders. You will receive as close to reality the value of heat losses and the required heat output of the boiler according to the current data of SNiPs and SPs (sets of rules).

The main advantage of the calculator on the site is the reliability of the calculated data and the absence of manual calculations, the whole process is automated, the initial parameters are maximally generalized, you can easily see their values ​​\u200b\u200bin your home plan or fill in based on your own experience.

Calculation of a boiler for heating a private house

With the help of our calculator for calculating heating for a private house, you can easily find out the required boiler power to heat your cozy "nest".

As you remember, in order to calculate the heat loss rate, you need to know several values ​​\u200b\u200bof the main components of the house, which together account for more than 90% of the total losses. For your convenience, we have added to the calculator only those fields that you can fill out. without special knowledge:

• glazing;
• thermal insulation;
• the ratio of the area of ​​​​windows and floor;
• outside temperature;
• the number of walls facing the outside;
• which room is above the calculated one;
• room height;
• room area.

After you get the value of the heat loss of the house, a correction factor of 1.2 is taken to calculate the required boiler power.

How to work on the calculator

Remember that the thicker the glazing and the better the thermal insulation, the less heating power will be required.

To get results, you need to answer the following questions:

1. Choose one of the proposed types of glazing (triple or double glazing, conventional double glazing).
2. How are your walls insulated? Solid thick insulation from a couple of layers of mineral wool, polystyrene foam, EPPS for the north and Siberia. Maybe you live in Central Russia and one layer of insulation is enough for you. Or are you one of those who builds a house in the southern regions and a double hollow brick is suitable for him.
3. What is your window-to-floor area ratio, in %. If you do not know this value, then it is calculated very simply: divide the floor area by the window area and multiply by 100%.
4. Enter the minimum winter temperature for a couple of seasons and round up. Do not use the average temperature for winters, otherwise you risk getting a smaller boiler and the house will not be heated enough.
5. Do we calculate for the whole house or just for one wall?
6. What is above our room. If you have a one-story house, select the type of attic (cold or warm), if the second floor, then a heated room.
7. The height of the ceilings and the area of ​​​​the room are necessary to calculate the volume of the apartment, which in turn is the basis for all calculations.

Calculation example:

• one-story house in the Kaliningrad region;
• wall length 15 and 10 m, insulated with one layer of mineral wool;
• ceiling height 3 m;
• 6 windows of 5 m2 from a double-glazed window;
• the minimum temperature for the last 10 years is 26 degrees;
• we calculate for all 4 walls;
• from above a warm heated attic;

The area of ​​our house is 150 m2, and the area of ​​windows is 30 m2. 30/150*100=20% window to floor ratio.

We know everything else, we select the appropriate fields in the calculator and we get that our house will lose 26.79 kW of heat.

26.79 * 1.2 \u003d 32.15 kW - the required heating capacity of the boiler.

DIY heating system

It is impossible to calculate the heating circuit of a private house without assessing the heat loss of the surrounding structures.

In Russia, as a rule, long cold winters, buildings lose heat due to temperature differences inside and outside the premises. The larger the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, enclosing and through structures (roof, windows, doors), the greater the value of heat loss comes out. The material and thickness of the walls, the presence or absence of thermal insulation have a significant impact.

For example, walls made of wood and aerated concrete have a much lower thermal conductivity than brick. Materials with maximum thermal resistance are used as insulation (mineral wool, expanded polystyrene).

Before creating a heating system at home, you need to carefully consider all the organizational and technical aspects, so that immediately after the construction of the “box”, you can proceed to the final phase of construction, and not postpone the long-awaited settlement for many months.

Heating in a private house is based on the "three elephants":

• heating element (boiler);
• pipe system;
• radiators.

Which boiler is better to choose for a house?

Heating boilers are the main component of the entire system. They will provide heat to your home, so their choice should be treated with particular care. According to the type of food they are divided into:

• electrical;
• solid fuel;
• liquid fuel;
• gas.

Each of them has a number of significant advantages and disadvantages.

1. Electric boilersdid not gain great popularity, primarily because of the rather high cost and high cost of maintenance. Electricity tariffs leave much to be desired, there is a possibility of a power line break, as a result of which your home may be left without heating.
2. Solid fuelboilersoften used in remote villages and towns where there are no centralized communication networks. They heat water with firewood, briquettes and coal. An important disadvantage is the need for constant monitoring of fuel, if the fuel burns out and you do not have time to replenish supplies, the house will stop heating. In modern models, this problem is solved due to the automatic feeder, but the price of such devices is incredibly high.
3. Oil boilers, in the vast majority of cases, run on diesel fuel. They have excellent performance due to the high efficiency of the fuel, but the high cost of raw materials and the need for diesel tanks limit many buyers.
4. The best solution for a country house are gas boilers. Due to their small size, low gas prices and high heat output, they have won the trust of most of the population.

How to choose pipes for heating?

Heating mains supply all heating devices in the house. Depending on the material of manufacture, they are divided into:

• metal;
• metal-plastic;
• plastic.

Metal pipes the most difficult to install (due to the need for welding seams), are susceptible to corrosion, are heavy and expensive. The advantages are high strength, resistance to temperature extremes and the ability to withstand high pressures. They are used in apartment buildings, in private construction it is not advisable to use them.

Polymer pipes from metal-plastic and polypropylene are very similar in their parameters. The lightness of the material, plasticity, no corrosion, noise suppression and, of course, low price. The only difference between the former is the presence of an aluminum layer between two layers of plastic, due to which the thermal conductivity increases. Therefore, metal-plastic pipes are used for heating, and plastic pipes for water supply.

Choosing radiators for the home

The last element of a classic heating system is radiators. They are also divided according to the material into the following groups:

• cast iron;
• steel;
• aluminum.

Cast iron batteries are familiar to everyone since childhood, because they were installed in almost all apartment buildings. They have high heat capacity (cool down for a long time), resistant to temperature and pressure drops in the system. The downside is the high price, fragility and complexity of installation.

They were replaced steel radiators. A wide variety of shapes and sizes, low cost and ease of installation have influenced the ubiquitous distribution. However, they also have their drawbacks. Due to the low heat capacity, the batteries cool down quickly, and the thin case does not allow them to be used in networks with high pressure.

Recently, heaters from aluminum. Their main advantage is high heat transfer, this allows you to warm up the room to an acceptable temperature in 10-15 minutes. However, they are demanding on the coolant, if alkalis or acids are contained in large quantities inside the system, then the life of the radiator is significantly reduced.

Use the proposed tools for calculating the heating of a private house and design a heating system that will heat your home efficiently, reliably and for a long time, even in the harshest winters.

Coziness and comfort of housing do not begin with the choice of furniture, finishes and appearance in general. They start with the heat that heating provides. And just buying an expensive heating boiler () and high-quality radiators for this is not enough - you first need to design a system that will maintain the optimum temperature in the house. But to get a good result, you need to understand what and how to do, what are the nuances and how they affect the process. In this article, you will get acquainted with the basic knowledge about this case - what are heating systems, how it is carried out and what factors influence it.

Why is thermal calculation necessary?

Some owners of private houses or those who are just going to build them are interested in whether there is any point in the thermal calculation of the heating system? After all, we are talking about a simple country cottage, and not about an apartment building or an industrial enterprise. It would seem that it would be enough just to buy a boiler, install radiators and run pipes to them. On the one hand, they are partially right - for private households, the calculation of the heating system is not such a critical issue as for industrial premises or multi-apartment residential complexes. On the other hand, there are three reasons why such an event is worth holding. , you can read in our article.

1. Thermal calculation greatly simplifies the bureaucratic processes associated with the gasification of a private house.
2. Determining the power required for home heating allows you to select a heating boiler with optimal performance. You will not overpay for excessive product features and will not experience inconvenience due to the fact that the boiler is not powerful enough for your home.
3. Thermal calculation allows you to more accurately select pipes, valves and other equipment for the heating system of a private house. And in the end, all these rather expensive products will work for as long as is laid down in their design and characteristics.

Initial data for the thermal calculation of the heating system

Before you start calculating and working with data, you need to get them. Here, for those owners of country houses who have not previously been involved in design activities, the first problem arises - what characteristics should you pay attention to. For your convenience, they are summarized in a small list below.

1. Building area, height to ceilings and internal volume.
2. The type of building, the presence of adjacent buildings.
3. The materials used in the construction of the building - what and how the floor, walls and roof are made of.
4. The number of windows and doors, how they are equipped, how well they are insulated.
5. For what purposes will certain parts of the building be used - where the kitchen, bathroom, living room, bedrooms will be located, and where - non-residential and technical premises.
6. The duration of the heating season, the average minimum temperature during this period.
7. "Wind rose", the presence of other buildings nearby.
8. The area where a house has already been built or is just about to be built.
9. Preferred room temperature for residents.
10. Location of points for connection to water, gas and electricity.

Calculation of the heating system power by housing area

One of the fastest and easiest to understand ways to determine the power of a heating system is to calculate by the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. A similar method is widely used by sellers of heating boilers and radiators. The calculation of the power of the heating system by area takes place in a few simple steps.

Step 1. According to the plan or already erected building, the internal area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building in square meters is determined.

Step 2 The resulting figure is multiplied by 100-150 - that is how many watts of the total power of the heating system are needed for each m 2 of housing.

Step 3 Then the result is multiplied by 1.2 or 1.25 - this is necessary to create a power reserve so that the heating system is able to maintain a comfortable temperature in the house even in the most severe frosts.

Step 4 The final figure is calculated and recorded - the power of the heating system in watts, necessary to heat a particular housing. As an example, to maintain a comfortable temperature in a private house with an area of ​​​​120 m 2, approximately 15,000 W will be required.

Advice! In some cases, cottage owners divide the internal area of ​​\u200b\u200bhousing into that part that requires serious heating, and that for which this is unnecessary. Accordingly, different coefficients are used for them - for example, for living rooms it is 100, and for technical rooms - 50-75.

Step 5 According to the already determined calculated data, a specific model of the heating boiler and radiators is selected.

It should be understood that the only advantage of this method of thermal calculation of the heating system is speed and simplicity. However, the method has many disadvantages.

1. The lack of consideration of the climate in the area where housing is being built - for Krasnodar, a heating system with a power of 100 W per square meter will be clearly redundant. And for the Far North, it may not be enough.
2. The lack of consideration of the height of the premises, the type of walls and floors from which they are built - all these characteristics seriously affect the level of possible heat losses and, consequently, the required power of the heating system for the house.
3. The very method of calculating the heating system in terms of power was originally developed for large industrial premises and apartment buildings. Therefore, for a separate cottage it is not correct.
4. Lack of accounting for the number of windows and doors facing the street, and yet each of these objects is a kind of "cold bridge".

So does it make sense to apply the calculation of the heating system by area? Yes, but only as a preliminary estimate, allowing you to get at least some idea of ​​the issue. To achieve better and more accurate results, you should turn to more complex techniques.

Imagine the following method for calculating the power of a heating system - it is also quite simple and understandable, but at the same time it has a higher accuracy of the final result. In this case, the basis for the calculations is not the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, but its volume. In addition, the calculation takes into account the number of windows and doors in the building, the average level of frost outside. Let's imagine a small example of the application of this method - there is a house with a total area of ​​​​80 m 2, the rooms in which have a height of 3 m. The building is located in the Moscow region. In total there are 6 windows and 2 doors facing the outside. The calculation of the power of the thermal system will look like this. "How to do , you can read in our article".

Step 1. The volume of the building is determined. This can be the sum of each individual room or the total figure. In this case, the volume is calculated as follows - 80 * 3 \u003d 240 m 3.

Step 2 The number of windows and the number of doors facing the street are counted. Let's take the data from the example - 6 and 2, respectively.

Step 3 A coefficient is determined depending on the area in which the house stands and how severe frosts are there.

Table. Values ​​of regional coefficients for calculating the heating power by volume.

Since in the example we are talking about a house built in the Moscow region, the regional coefficient will have a value of 1.2.

Step 4 For detached private cottages, the value of the volume of the building determined in the first operation is multiplied by 60. We make the calculation - 240 * 60 = 14,400.

Step 5 Then the result of the calculation of the previous step is multiplied by the regional coefficient: 14,400 * 1.2 = 17,280.

Step 6 The number of windows in the house is multiplied by 100, the number of doors facing the outside by 200. The results are summed up. The calculations in the example look like this - 6*100 + 2*200 = 1000.

Step 7 The numbers obtained as a result of the fifth and sixth steps are summed up: 17,280 + 1000 = 18,280 W. This is the capacity of the heating system required to maintain the optimum temperature in the building under the conditions indicated above.

It should be understood that the calculation of the heating system by volume is also not absolutely accurate - the calculations do not pay attention to the material of the walls and floor of the building and their thermal insulation properties. Also, no adjustment is made for natural ventilation, which is inherent in any home.