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The profile of a bar made in the form. Profile bar: overview of the material and its classification

Today, for the construction of wooden houses, a comb profile bar, “Finnish” and a bar with several teeth are very often used. What kind of material is this, how is it good and how does it differ from glued beams?

Let's try to understand everything in detail.

So, first of all, let's look at the difference between .

First, the title speaks for itself. Glued laminated timber is made from boards (lamellas), pressed and glued together, and profiled timber is essentially a solid log.

Secondly, glued laminated timber goes on sale already dried, and profiled timber dries for about a year after the construction of the house is completed.

Thirdly, the thermal insulation qualities of glued laminated timber are somewhat worse than those of a profiled counterpart. This is because the glued product has a layer of glue between the lamellae, and this layer, by the way, tends to dry out in some cases, which, of course, reduces the thermal insulation characteristics of the wall.

In general, at first glance it may seem that glued products are better than profiled ones, but such a hasty and unambiguous conclusion cannot be drawn here. Which timber should be used is influenced by many factors inherent in a particular project. This is the desired price of materials (profile wood is cheaper), and the climatic conditions of the territory where the object is located, and the purpose of the house.

Pay attention also to the fact that who made the material is of great importance.
In addition, the professionalism of the installers also plays an important role.
Perhaps they have a lot of experience in building houses from glued beams, but they have never had to do anything from a profiled tree.
If in such a situation to build a house from a profile bar, then most likely many mistakes will be made, and, you see, it will be somewhat illogical to “blame” the material for this.
So what kind of beam to use depends only on the nuances of your particular situation.

We will return to the review of profiled logs.

Material properties

First of all, it is worth highlighting the fact that this material has a slightly different structure, the way it is connected to each other, and this to some extent affects its properties.

In particular, we are talking about the fact that the profiles of the beam are different.

For example, a bar with grooves of the "comb" type is a log, in the lower and upper plane of which there are many "teeth". This is both bad and good at the same time.

Good - because no additional insulation tape is required between the logs, since due to the large number of teeth in the grooves, the possibility of cold air passing into the room is simply excluded.

And it’s bad - due to the fact that such material is much harder to attach to each other. This is because after the delivery of the logs to the object, they inevitably fall into conditions of humidity and temperature differences, and accordingly lose their original shape.

That is, simply put, they are deformed and after that it is very difficult to insert their teeth into the grooves of neighboring logs without using a sledgehammer. And the use of a sledgehammer can lead to cracks in the timber, which, of course, will reduce its thermal insulation qualities.

But on the other hand, if you do the “comb”, then it will turn out to be a very durable and warm house or.

The second type of timber is the so-called "Finnish" profile. We can say that for construction this is the easiest and fastest option. Because there are only two spikes here - at the edges, and, accordingly, the connection of such logs is a very fast process. In addition, the walls of such a profile practically do not shrink.

However, there are, of course, a couple of negative points:

In order to connect such logs really tightly, you need not only to try very hard, but also to really understand this matter and be able to work with this particular material.
A house made of this type of profiled timber will not have good thermal insulation qualities unless a special interventional one is placed between the logs.

It turns out that it is quite possible to build residential buildings from the “Finnish” profile, but it is only very important not to forget about additional insulation.

The third version of the profile, which is often used when building houses from a profile bar, is a “three or four notched” bar. In fact, this is the most versatile type of profile, as its spikes are wide enough not to deform during storage on site. That is, the material can be safely stored - it will be easy enough to mount it.

As for the thermal insulation characteristics, then, as a rule, for a not very harsh climate, a few spikes of the Finnish profile are enough to block the path of frost and wind. But if you live in the northern regions, then, perhaps, it is better to still use the “comb” beam.

As you can see, it is impossible to 100% correctly determine which beam profile is better - again, everything depends on the nuances of the situation. It turns out that each type of material is good in its own way, but also has its drawbacks.

Tip: if you are planning to build a house with your own hands, but you are not sure which type of material is better to choose, then at least play it safe and consult a professional about this.
It will cost little, but the risk of an erroneous choice will be minimized.

Well, we figured out the types of timber, now let's proceed to a general review of the properties of the material.

Advantages

So, we can highlight the following advantages of this material and houses from it:

This is 100% solid wood, the basis of which is spruce, pine, Siberian larch or cedar. Wood processing is almost always performed on high-precision imported equipment.
Due to this factor, the spikes fit very tightly into the grooves of adjacent logs, which, of course, gives the walls of the house high strength and eliminates the need to purchase numerous fasteners;

The structure of the profile bar does not contain any glue. This means that the strength of the product is not lost over time, and there will be no chemical fumes;

Please note that the absence of adhesives also affects the internal microclimate in the room - in a positive way.
Such houses made of profiled timber, or rather their walls, “breathe” very well, 100% so to speak, and all because their structure is completely natural and there are no artificial layers.
So if you want your house to be not only warm in winter, but also cool in summer, then a house made of profiled timber is really what you need.
If everything is done correctly, then on a hot day you will not need any air conditioners!

Thanks to the walls made of profiled logs, heating costs are significantly reduced in winter, without the need for any additional insulation measures.- hinged facades, "wet" and so on;
No standard exterior or interior wall finishing required. That is, you do not need to plaster the house, putty, paint, glue wallpaper, etc. What for? After all, the logs already have a magnificent appearance, you see;
There is no need to treat the timber with antiseptics, because this procedure is performed at the factory. Moreover, the effect of this is greater than that of applying an antiseptic with your own hands, since the processing process at the factory takes place in an autoclave.
This allows you to cover the maximum structure of the tree, and thanks to this it does not deteriorate for a very, very long time;

Relatively simple instructions for assembling walls from profiled timber. In fact, all that is required is to drive the spikes of each subsequent log into the grooves of the previous one as correctly and accurately as possible.

As you can see, it turns out that this type of timber is a truly excellent material for building a house. Environmentally friendly, truly natural material, which is also easy to assemble and durable. And the price for it is relatively low, what else do you need?

You can use the calculator to calculate the amount of timber per building:

Wall length

Wall width

Wall height

Bar section

150x150 mm. 180x180 mm. 200x200 mm.

Beam length

5 m 6 m 7 m 8 m 9 m 10 m 11 m 12 m

However, profile logs, of course, also have disadvantages. And they definitely need to be mentioned.

Material disadvantages

In fact, there are only two drawbacks.

A house made of profiled timber must definitely stand for 10-12 months, and only then you can start finishing it. That is, it is not recommended to install interior doors, for example, putty ceilings immediately after construction is completed. The shrinkage is small, but it is there. However, the house of what material is not subject to shrinkage? Therefore, it is very difficult to determine whether this moment should be considered a disadvantage.
In the process of drying logs, cracks may appear on them. As a rule, they are small, but then you have to close them up.

In principle, it can also be noted that almost all projects of houses made of profiled timber do not provide for the design of buildings in the style of hi-tech, modern, etc. And this is understandable - after all, a tree is a tree, and such walls are suitable only for houses with a claim to environmental friendliness and naturalness.

So if you want to make a house in which stone or metal elements will prevail, then the profile log is clearly not the material that you need.

/ Which beam profile is better? Varieties, differences and advantages

Which beam profile is better? Varieties, differences and advantages

Profiled timber is a natural, strong and durable material for the construction of country houses of permanent residence. Lumber with a cross section of 150 x 150 mm is suitable for building houses without additional insulation, because a wall of wood 15–20 cm thick is comparable in its thermal conductivity to solid brick masonry over 60 cm!
Profiled timber undergoes special processing on a woodworking machine. It is given a special shape, spikes and grooves are created on the surfaces - elements that ensure a tight, strong joining of the beams, tightness of the joints and high thermal insulation properties of the walls. Depending on the type of profiling, lumber is divided into two types: with the possibility of using insulation and without it. The first type is suitable for assembling with a gasket between jute, moss, flax fiber, etc. This variety is cheaper, because it requires additional insulation and does not ensure the tightness of the joints during assembly.

Varieties of profiled timber

The main feature of a profiled beam is the presence of a profile of a certain type, on which the quality and reliability of installation depends. There are several types of profiles:

with one spike (a notch is created on the underside of the timber, and a protrusion is created on top for fixing the lumber);
with two spikes (difference from the previous type - in the presence of two protrusions and recesses running along the entire length of the profiles);
Finnish profile (in the longitudinal connection, the beam has two wide spikes, it requires additional insulation during assembly due to loose contact between the beams);
with beveled chamfers (thorns and grooves are trapezoidal, their edges are slightly inclined);
comb (there are several small teeth on the beam profile, which, during installation, enter grooves of similar sizes, providing the most hermetic and durable connection).

The best option for fast and reliable construction is a profiled beam with a “comb” profile. It protects the walls from the formation of cold bridges, drafts and heat losses. It is also called the German profile, since for the first time bars with such spikes and grooves were used for construction in Germany.

How to choose a beam profile?

The profile of the beam should be chosen taking into account the goals of construction. If it is necessary to assemble an outbuilding without high requirements for thermal insulation characteristics, a profile with one or two spikes is sufficient. A profiled beam with 2 spikes and grooves will make construction as fast and economical as possible, therefore it is suitable for the construction of gazebos, country houses, as well as the internal walls of residential buildings, since they do not require insulation.

For capital construction, the construction of country houses of permanent residence, a reliable and durable profiled beam is needed, which will fully protect from wind and cold. Therefore, the Domostroy53 company uses profiled timber with a comb (German profile). Timbers fit snugly together, provide the most durable connection without the need to insulate the space between the crowns.

Traditionally, for the construction of houses, a beam with a rectilinear profile shape is used, since it is easy to manufacture and inexpensive. But to create unique projects, they use bars with a convex outer side that imitates rounded timber. In order to completely imitate this material, abandoning the interior decoration of the premises, a rounded profiled beam is used.

Briefly described, profiled timber is a special building material, high-quality and modern, which is made from coniferous wood. Pine, spruce or cedar can be taken as a basis. The beam of the pro has a polished surface. The outer side of this material is semi-oval (sometimes flat) and may or may not be chamfered. The inner part is smooth and even, and the sides are made in the form of a “thorn-groove” especially for the joint; jute insulation is placed here.

Profiled timber is great for building houses, as it has good insulation and connectivity.

Such a beam is an indispensable element in the construction of wooden houses. Regarding the purpose, its sections may be different. With the tongue and groove system, houses are built on time and of the best quality, simple and well insulated. The beam does not deform along its entire length, and thus the “screw” of the beam is excluded.

There is no better advantage of timber than the fact that neither glue nor any harmful chemicals are used in its production. The finished house looks neat and attractive. Such a beam outperforms rounded wood in thermal insulation. This is achieved due to the snug fit of the material, an individually selected profile and a lock that has an offset in two planes and a gap size of 3 mm.

The profile has a shape that does not allow rain to fill the gaps between the timber, thereby protecting it from decay. In addition, the timber is environmentally friendly and provides good air exchange. And even in the hottest weather, the aroma of wood in the house is provided to you.

Profiled timber: positive and negative sides

Structures made of profiled timber are practical. Their installation is simple and carried out quickly enough (for high-quality installation, so that intervention gaps do not form, the corners are cut directly on the object). Such material is recommended for the construction of warm houses: it retains heat well in winter, and provides coolness in summer. Advantages of buildings from solid profiled timber:

Technology for the production of profiled laminated timber.

Beautiful and graceful appearance. Perfectly flat surface thanks to professional processing, as well as good savings on the exterior of the house.
The finished house consists entirely of wood, that is, no chemicals, mixtures, adhesives, synthetic materials are used in the construction process. High-quality processing on modern equipment is one of the types of wood: spruce, cedar, larch or pine.
Such a beam has a low thermal conductivity, thereby holding and heating the room better than rounded wood. This is all thanks to the locks, the gap of which is 3 mm.
Ecology and economy. The material retains excellent heat performance, while its cost is 1.5 times less than that of untreated wood counterparts. In addition, the amount of timber for the construction takes much less. It is worth noting that the combination of price and quality is undeniable.
The natural humidity in houses made of such timber is negligible, and shrinkage can take place faster than in buildings made of logs. It can be no more than 3.5% - about 4 cm.
An indisputable advantage is that the number of cracks in a house based on profiled timber will be much less, since stress is removed from all sides of the tree. This is done automatically on machines.
There is no need to build a heavy foundation - a columnar or tape one is enough.
The construction of the structure is carried out much faster (within two months). Construction and installation works are carried out with high quality, largely due to such aspects as precise dimensions and a modern technological connecting system. Temperature fluctuations and adverse conditions are not terrible for such a house.

Disadvantages of profiled timber

If the material at the base of the house was not properly dried (or not enough), then in the future we should expect subsidence of the building, and this is a waste of money and time for repairs.
Timber is a very combustible material. To prevent the manifestation of the harmful effects of atmospheric phenomena, the timber should be impregnated with special means that improve its quality.
The walls may be too thin for operation in the cold season, so you need to resort to additional insulation.
After the completion of construction, it is impossible to make redevelopment or additional add-ons.

Profiled timber: types

Professional building timber has many characteristics that divide it into different types. Let's look at all types of profiled timber.

Regarding raw materials

As already mentioned, coniferous trees are the basis, the most popular is pine. This can be explained by the fact that there is a lot of coniferous wood, it is inexpensive and can be processed quite well. Finished products have excellent performance characteristics.

A planed timber is made from a log, its cross section reaches 160-200 mm. The wood used to create such a beam is impregnated with resin, which is an excellent protection against various insects. Externally, such a beam can be determined by four longitudinal surfaces.

For windows, very strong and rigid window timber is often used. Its manufacture involves gluing pine or oak lamellae. Such a beam weighs little and has low thermal conductivity, has no defects and problems with subsidence.

Profile or form

This is a distinctive feature of the profiled beam from others. Professional machines working with lumber form a different section. For example, consider the two most common profiles.

"Comb" (German profile) - this form is very deceptive, since its purpose is to optimize all construction processes and improve the quality of finished buildings, but in practice the result is not at all the same. The Finnish profile is efficient and reliable, the name speaks for itself.

The front side of the material, which is responsible for the aesthetics and operation of the house, may also differ. If you use a beam whose front side is straight, then the walls will turn out to be even and smooth. This is an indicator of the modern standard of wooden houses.

The D-shape of the front part will appeal to lovers of the authentic look of wood. The surface of the walls will be log, thereby maintaining the authenticity of the material.

The remaining species are variations of the previous forms. You can make a beam with your own hands. The main rule is to maintain a strong seam between the joints of the products and ensure the rigidity of the log house.

The section, or rather its size, plays a very important role. The most common cross-section parameters: 100-100, 100-150, 150-150, 150-200, 200-200 mm and others. The type of section is selected relative to the purpose of the building. For example, a section of 190-140 mm is used to build external walls, and 140-140 mm is suitable for internal ones. For the construction of small country or summer houses, small sections will be enough, but large country houses for year-round use will not do without a thick beam with a large section in order to keep the maximum amount of heat.

On average, a beam made of coniferous wood has a length of about 6 m, and of glued material - 12 m.

There are also different degrees of humidity of the timber: dry, dried and timber of natural moisture. The latter are combined in one stage, since there are no additional costs in their production to achieve a minimum moisture content. Such a log house will completely dry out only when it is erected. Of course, there are a number of disadvantages here: rotting and mold, as well as a decrease in humidity, as a result, the linear dimensions of the wood are deformed and reduced.

Dry timber has a moisture content of not more than 20%. Its price is much higher than that of previous varieties, but the quality of operation is much better. Construction with such material is carried out faster, shrinkage does not exceed 3%. Cracks that form during operation are minor and do not affect the thermal insulation of the house as a whole.

In construction, there are two completely different production technologies:

Solid wood is the cheapest way to make. Here a section of 160-200 or 200-200 mm is used. All its four sides can be processed on special machines. It uses varieties of coniferous trees.
Gluing boards, or lamellas, cannot be called budgetary and has some disadvantages, including allergic reactions to glue. However, the strength and durability of the building, its attractiveness and elegance prove the high quality of glued beams.
A completely new lumber technology that has recently entered the market is called "warm lumber". It is designed specifically for living in record low temperatures. Therefore, its thermal insulation performance is extremely high: at a temperature of -60 degrees, the house will remain warm and comfortable. Warm lumber is much cheaper than glued lumber. Its structure is multi-layered and glued together under sufficiently high pressure, only dry lamellas (boards) are used.

A little about the sizes

As mentioned earlier, not all sizes are suitable for the construction of one or another part of the house. Many companies and firms provide services for the individual production of lumber. Both standard dimensions and thickness remain common, which is 100, 150 and 200 mm.

Small wooden structures do not need a material with a thick section. It can be a gazebo, a veranda or a small summer kitchen. A thickness of 100 mm is ideal here, a full-fledged residential building cannot be built from such material, but for a house that is used only in the summer, this is an excellent choice.

A thickness of 150 mm is already suitable for a large house. It is thicker than a beam, which is used for a roof truss system with a section of 100-150 mm, but at the same time it is cheaper than a section of 200-200. By default, there is a form with the appearance of a comb. In winter, such houses do not freeze through.

Cottages, mansions or just large residential buildings - all these buildings are united by the size of 200 mm or even 220 mm. Here, a section of 200-150 and 200-200 mm is used. The walls of such buildings have high resistance, do not let the cold inside.

A brief sequence of building a house from a bar

The construction of any house begins with the choice of the project, as well as with the choice of the thickness of the timber. In this case, do not forget about the purpose of the building.

The next step is pouring the foundation. This is the longest stage. There are two common types. The simplest is columnar. It is used in cases where a basement or other underground facilities are not required. The second is tape. It is more stable in heaving soils, but more expensive, and construction takes longer with it.

The next stage is a game with a constructor. Supports for partitions made of timber are exposed, and a special insulation is placed between its crowns. External walls are assembled, the timber is connected using the groove-thorn system. During assembly, it is imperative to allocate openings for doors and windows.

For whatever purposes the house is being built, at this stage a break is made from a month to a year. This is done specifically in order to shrink at home. Otherwise, there will be a displacement of openings, partitions and some sections of the walls. But if the beam was subjected to chamber drying, then a break is not required - the work will be completed in the shortest possible time.

Then the roof is erected, doors and windows are installed, the floor and ceiling are installed. Protective impregnation and insulation are applied (if necessary). Electricity, sewerage and water supply, communication networks, heating are being laid.

Despite the abundance of modern building materials for low-rise housing construction, wood does not lose its relevance. Profiled timber with a tongue-and-groove profile among the variety of structural lumber occupies a leading position. It has its pros and cons, different types and standard sizes. And before you buy this beam for the construction of your house or other outbuildings, you should understand all its strengths and weaknesses.

What is profiled timber?

Profiled timber is a modern version of industrial lumber. It is made from different types of wood and at the exit from the sawing machine in cross section it has a shape other than a rectangle. The sides of the finished timber are smooth or rounded, and the lower and upper sides have grooves for a tongue-and-groove joint.

In the manufacture of profiled timber, the most commonly used:

Larch.

Pine profiled lumber is the cheapest, it is usually chosen for the construction of private log houses. Cedar and aspen are ideal for building baths. They are resistant to changes in temperature and humidity. Larch timber will last the longest, but it is quite heavy and costs the most. You will have to spend money on this material, and additionally on a massive foundation under the walls of it.

Spruce is not very strong and has low resistance to decay. However, the beam from it looks the most presentable in appearance among the listed competitors. The spruce version is best used for the construction of internal partitions in the house.

The main feature of the profiled beam and its main advantage is the presence of a lock-profile on two technical sides. Such a connection guarantees, when assembling a house, obtaining wooden walls with a minimum of holes for drafts. Builders spend less time and effort on sealing the seams between the timber, which significantly reduces the time of work. An ordinary rounded log cannot boast of such a plus.

Types and dimensions of profiled timber

According to the degree of saturation with moisture, a beam with a profile is divided into two types:

Dry (humidity 12-18%) - dried in a special chamber.

Natural humidity (humidity 18–23%).

The first option is stronger and more expensive, the house from it dries out less after construction. Walls made of dry timber shrink by 1–2% per year after laying the log house. And from not subjected to artificial drying, it often settles for all 10-15%. In the manufacture of the first type, profiling the beam at the sawmill begins after it has dried in the chamber. As a result, during storage, the cut spikes and grooves do not change their geometry. There is no more moisture in the wood, there is nothing for it to warp.

Wet wood absorbs paints and impregnations worse, it is also more difficult to process. A house made of profiled timber usually has to be left for the winter to dry naturally. And then finishing and settling into it occur only a few months after the laying of the walls.

The size of this lumber is determined by state standards. In length, it can be 3 or 6 meters. Its thickness and width varies between 100–250 mm. Under the order, some manufacturers also produce a variant with a cross section of up to 300 mm.

For the outer walls of houses in areas with cold winters, it is recommended to choose a timber with a maximum size of 200 x 200 mm or 200 x 250 mm, and a thinner analogue of 100 x 100 mm or 100 x 120 mm should be used exclusively for installing interior partitions.

According to the internal structure, profiled timber in stores is sold in two types:

From one log, one solid beam usually comes out, sawn from the central part of the trunk. All the rest of the wood goes to waste or to make something else for the house. The glued analogue is made from separate wooden strips (lamellas) and does not formally belong to the category of lumber. However, usually all timber products with a profile are entered into the general view of this building material.

Solid timber does not contain harmful adhesives. It can be both dried and with natural moisture. The glued product is always sold dry. Regardless of the size, it is profiled after the lamellas dried in the chamber are assembled into a single beam. Moreover, the length of this "log" can reach 12 m instead of the standard for a solid analogue of 6 meters.

According to the shape of the profile, the timber differs:

Classic (D-shaped, comb or grooved);

Carriage with rounded lower and upper faces.

The first type, due to the presence of spikes and grooves, provides a more reliable and rigid connection. The second one is more practical. Even if such lumber leads during storage, it will not be difficult to lay a house out of it, it will not be necessary to adjust the spikes that have gone to the side.

How to choose profiled material?

When choosing a profiled beam, you should pay attention to:

The degree of drying;

Initial raw material;

profile geometry;

Type of internal structure (glued or solid).

Dry material is stronger and warps less than uncured material. But it costs more than the second one. The cheapest cost is a log cottage made of pine, and made of cedar or larch will last longer. For a bath, it is better to take aspen or linden.

The comb profile provides the most secure connection. D-shaped allows you to lay interventional insulation between the spikes so that it is not visible from the outside. And the carriage is easier to lay and the beam with it cracks less.

Pros and cons of timber

The advantages of profiled timber include:

The absence of gaps between the crowns;

Environmental friendliness of the material (for a solid version);

Minimum shrinkage of the log house;

Reliability of connection of a bar;

Full factory readiness of building materials;

Low construction time for low-rise log houses;

Reduced foundation costs

No need for additional finishing of the facade and walls inside.

Among the disadvantages of a house made of profiled timber, it is worth mentioning:

Relatively high price of lumber;

Inherent in any wood is a predisposition to rotting and burning.

With natural drying, the timber can “shrink” - crack and deform

The disadvantages of the material associated with fire and fungi are leveled by impregnations with flame retardants and antiseptics. At a cost - gas silicate blocks may be cheaper. But they still have to be finished later, covering them with sheathing from the street and from the inside. And this is an additional and considerable expense.

Photos of houses

A log house is distinguished by the environmental friendliness of the building materials used and the cost-effectiveness of construction. Other types of sawmill products are inferior to profiled timber in terms of speed, labor intensity and reliability of log assembly. Even the gas block and brick lose to the considered lumber in terms of the totality of parameters. Timber walls do not need to be additionally covered with plaster or drywall, it will be enough to cover them with varnish or paint.