The correct arrangement of the valley - types of elements and structures, installation rules. Roof truss system with valley

To prevent water from getting under the roof, a special element called a valley is used.

On a simple gable roof, it is not necessary to install it. If the roof has a complex configuration, then the valley strips are installed without fail.

This structural element is necessary to ensure the removal of precipitation outside the roofing system.

Appointment of the valley

The high pace of individual housing construction has created an increased demand for roofing materials and original roof designs.

Often, in order for the house to have individual characteristics, a complex-shaped roof is designed.

The owner of the house has to delve into and understand what a roof valley is and how such elements are installed.

It is important to understand that when arranging an outwardly attractive roof, valleys or grooves must be installed without fail.

A simple calculation shows that the more complex the roof structure, the more grooves have to be installed.

At the design stage, special attention must be paid to the roofing system.

On the basis of the presented drawings, installers must clearly understand how to properly install the valleys in the designated structural nodes.

Any roofing system with good reason is called a valley when it has a connection of slopes.

The most common types of junctions, top view:

• L-shaped;
• cruciform;
• T-shaped.

A specific scheme is selected when designing a house.

At the same time, it is important that the rafter system has sufficient rigidity, otherwise the roof will gradually loosen and allow rain and melt water to pass through.

Applicable designs

The roof is considered one of the main elements of any building. The more interesting and attractive the external outlines of the roof, the more difficult it is to mount it.

Under the rafter system, a specific valley device is selected.

The groove, which is located at the junction of two roofing planes, is subjected to a higher load than other parts of the roof.

To ensure sufficient reliability of the roof, two types of this element are used - the lower and upper valleys.

The lower element is a plate that has the same bend angle as the roof slopes.

The upper valley is attached at the final stage and serves as a decorative element.

For the manufacture of the valley, the same material from which the roof is assembled is most often used. If slate is chosen as the roofing material, then the product is molded from galvanized iron.

When installing the roof structure, the following types of valleys are used:

• closed;
• open;
• intertwined.

Installation of a closed-type valley is carried out on roofs with slopes at a large angle of inclination. With this solution, rain and melt water flows evenly from the roof without interference and delays.

It is important to note that in the gutters through which water flows are discharged, fallen leaves and other debris do not accumulate, preventing normal drainage.

An open-type valley device provides water flow along the gentle slopes of the roof (see photo).

As a rule, the joints of the roof planes have a minimum gap. A groove is laid and fastened along the entire length of the joint under the roofing material.

When a soft roof valley is attached, experts recommend laying an additional waterproofing layer of roofing material.

When roofing sheets are intertwined with one another, the appropriate type of groove is applied.

And with this constructive solution, waterproofing is mandatory. The type of device for the roof valley is selected at the design stage of the roofing system.

Installation work

The question of how to make a valley deserves the most careful consideration. It must be emphasized that the roof valley is installed and fastened during the main roofing work.

The whole process is divided into the following steps:

• installation of a truss system;
• fixing the crate and fixing the valley;
• installation of roofing material.

This is a classic sequence of actions in the construction of any individual house.

In the event that the established rule is violated, unpleasant consequences may occur, such as the distortion of the structure and even the destruction of the roof.

Rafter installation

The construction of a modern individual house, as a rule, is carried out according to the project. The procedure for installation and arrangement of the roofing system is reflected in a separate section of the project documentation.

The endova is considered not only the most complex structural element, but also a very responsible one.

To the question of how to make a roof valley, the project has detailed answers.

In the process of installing and fixing rafters, special attention is paid to the areas where roof windows, terraces or verandas adjoin.

It is in these places that the valley is laid, which is important to remember for the manufacturer of the work.

The design of the truss system, for all its versatility, is calculated for a certain type of roofing material.

Taking into account the specific gravity of the roof, the cross section of the timber is calculated, which is selected for the rafters.

Sloping rafters, which are installed along the junction line of two roofing planes, serve as the basis for attaching the valley.

The next step, after installing the rafters, the crate is fixed. At this stage, a groove is installed along the junction line. The crate is attached starting from the ridge down.

When installing the crate on the flat surface of the slanting rafter leg, the waterproofing material is fixed and the lower valley is fixed.

If joints are formed, they must be treated with bituminous mastic or other similar material.

Only after the valley is equipped, it is possible to mount the roofing material. Under each type of roof, the groove must be prepared in the appropriate way.

Roof installation

Even at the stage of attaching the crate, it is necessary to strengthen the structure at the junction of two slopes.

The mass of the valley is not so great as to reinforce the structure under it. The reason is that it is in these places on the roof that snow accumulates in winter.

The danger is not the mass of snow, but the fact that when warming, melt water tends to seep into the smallest cracks and holes.

If a metal tile is used for the roof, then the crate at the junction of the slopes is reinforced. The first step is to lay and fasten a sheet of roofing iron bent in the middle onto the crate.

According to its functional purpose, this is the lower bar of the valley. Fastening starts from the bottom and is displayed under the very skate.

It is imperative to ensure an overlap of 15 - 20 cm. The joints are sealed with bituminous mastic.

A gutter made in this way ensures unhindered drainage of water from the roof. When slate or corrugated board is used as a roofing material, two boards fastened in the form of a gutter are laid at the junction of the slopes.

Then the lower valley is attached to this gutter.

During installation, the required amount of overlap is maintained and the joints are carefully sealed.

When ondulin is used as a roofing material, the crate under the groove is laid at a distance. It is enough to withstand a gap of 15 cm.

Experienced roofers know how to properly lay soft roofing material on the crate. Installation starts from the bottom up. The first sheet of material is attached flush with the edge of the roof.

In this case, you can fasten the valley with nails. After this stage is completed, roofing sheets are laid and fastened.

At the final stage, the upper valley is fixed, which to a greater extent performs a decorative function.

The sequence of steps for installing the valley is the same when using any roofing materials.

Important nuances

Starting to design an individual house, the owner needs to familiarize himself with the basic terms and definitions. You need to know what is the difference between the ebb and the valley, so as not to ask questions, but what is it.

The practice of recent years shows that the reliability of the roof structure determines the level of comfort of the whole house.

The project developer has to combine the requirements of the reliability of the roof with an aesthetic and even pretentious look.

It is not difficult to install grooves according to well-designed drawings. Serious labor costs require the development of the main elements of the roofing system.

When the design documentation for the roof structure is ready, it is necessary to complete the package of all materials, fasteners and additional elements specified in the specification. The valley is considered one of the most complex nodes of the truss system.

The roof will reliably perform its functions for many years, subject to the quality arrangement of all valleys.

For this, all materials used must be of high quality. In particular, it is not recommended to use sheets of metal tiles or corrugated board in the presence of deformations.

Elements of wood - timber, edged board, rail - must be thoroughly dried, avoiding deformation of geometric dimensions. During installation, deviations from the design requirements must not be allowed.

Before starting work, it is necessary to impregnate all wooden parts with a special compound that prevents burning and decay.

The fastening of the valley, as a rule, is carried out with self-tapping screws. If they can be replaced with nails, then information about this is contained in the project documentation.

It collects and subsequently discharges precipitation from the slopes forming it, as a result of which the valley is subjected to significant loads. This roof unit is more susceptible to climatic factors than others: accumulation of snow mass, runoff of rain and melt water, when located on the sunny side - increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

These factors make it obvious the need for high-quality installation of both the valley itself and the roofing material. Mistakes can cause significant damage: at these points, the risk of leaks and the accumulation of such a mass of snow that can lead to the collapse of the entire roof structure is highest.

Types of valleys, their pros and cons

Distinguish three types of valleys:

• open;
• closed;
• intertwined.

Closed or twisted type in most cases, it is arranged in the presence of steep roof slopes, with twisted adjacent panels and the use of a number of roofing materials.

With this design, panels of adjoining slopes are intertwined with one another or connected by a joint. Their use implies additional financial investments for the waterproofing device, since water can be retained in them.

When creating an open-type valley, precipitation flows down on its own. There is no need for an additional layer of waterproofing material.

Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare materials. The main roofing accessories for the installation of the valley are:

• aluminum ribbed groove;
• foam strip;
• joint sealing tape.

The valley performs a dual function: water is drained through it and it takes on the greatest load on the roofing system. Therefore, the installation and sealing of this element must be carried out with all care.

The points for attaching the valleys must also be chosen very carefully.

Valley device

If the roof structure provides for the presence of valleys, then installation of both the lower and upper is required.

The first step is to get the foundation right. On both sides of the junction of the slopes, a waterproofing material is mounted on a continuous flooring. Otherwise, a sealant is also laid between the roofing material and the false one. Often, a valley carpet is used for waterproofing, which consists of a polyester fabric impregnated with high-quality bitumen, with sprinkles on both sides.

valley plank- this is the line of intersection of the slopes, which forms the inner corner.

Appointment of the lower valley bar is the removal of water and the prevention of moisture ingress into the internal (under-roof) space.

Upper valley bar rather, it is an element of decor that covers the cut of the roofing material.

The valley carpet is covered with basalt dressing on the upper side, and sandy on the lower side. It is characterized by increased strength and prevents the formation of leaks in the joints.

The valley carpet is fastened with nails at a distance of 20 cm. Its application requires the presence of a gutter based on a reliable solid material.

After fixing the carpet, the lower valley is installed: it is also called false.

It is a wide plate bent at an angle (in accordance with the angle of connection of the roof slopes). The fastening of this plate to the crate is carried out using self-tapping screws, observing a distance of 30 cm.

In this case, it is necessary to pay attention that the lower end of the valley is above the cornice board.

In the event that the lower valley is formed by several elements, their installation should be carried out from the bottom up. For better waterproofing, false joints are sealed with sealant.

The best material for mounting the valley is galvanized steel: it significantly extends the service life of the unit and the roof structure as a whole.

Having finished the installation of a layer of waterproofing material and false, proceed to the installation of the upper valley. The purpose of this structural element is to drain rain and melt water from roof slopes. Since the upper valley will be visible, the same material is used for its device, which covers the entire roof.

If the roofing material is a metal tile or profiled sheet, it is mounted with a distance of 10 cm on both sides of the inner line (corner). Installation of a decorative insert or upper valley is made at the end. The installation of the insert is carried out with a 10-12 cm overlap from the lower end to the upper.

When constructing a valley, another board is installed between the slope and the dormers or skylights, which serves as a continuous crate at the junction of the slopes.

When installing the valley, special brackets are used: they are necessary for attaching the groove.

A self-adhesive strip is used to protect against water, snow and dust.

For high-quality work, half tiles are used.

Another structural element is the valley tape used at the joints.

open valley

• First, a strip of rolled corrugated roofing 46 cm wide is laid in the very center of the node. The mineral surface should be directed downwards. The valley carpet is pressed tightly against the ridge, after which it is nailed using nails. In this case, a distance of 2.5 cm is observed. Fastening starts from the outer end. The lower edges must be trimmed. On both sides of the roofing strip, plastic cement is applied in a 10 cm strip (its thickness should be 1.5 mm).

If it is necessary to butt the roof, the lower section must be overlapped by the upper one by 30 cm. Fastening is done with plastic cement.

• After that, a strip of rolled material is laid face up above the previous one. For fastening use cement and nails. Before laying the roof panels with chalk, you need to draw two lines on both sides along the valley. In this case, a distance of 10 cm should be maintained on each side of the ridge.
• Instead of a rolled corrugated roof, metal that is not subject to corrosion can be used. To prevent condensation and increase the protective properties, a waterproof membrane should be laid under the metal or roll material.
• The waterproofing system of an open valley is installed using the same technology as for pitched roofs.

closed valley

The device of a closed valley is used to create steep roofs, the adjoining slopes of which are joined end-to-end or intertwined.

• Prior to the installation of roof tiles, a 90 cm waterproofing strip from a rolled corrugated roof must be laid along the length of the assembly.
• Laying rows of tiles is done along the slopes. The row should pass through the valley and go 30 cm onto the adjacent slope. The valley roof is fixed with nails, but the nails should not be beyond the chalk line. At negative angles of the joints, it is necessary to use an ondulin valley to protect them.
• On the adjacent slope, a chalk line is drawn with a 5-cm indent from the inter-ridge joint. Laying tiles on the adjacent slope is carried out up to the chalk line, then the excess is cut off. To improve drainage, the upper corners of the panels are cut diagonally. In this way, you can increase the service life of the valley.

Twisted valley

This type of valley must be completely covered with roofing material. Rows of tiles are intertwined and laid across the valley. The valley carpet serves as an additional coating - therefore, there is no need to cover the inter-ridge joint with several layers.

For this purpose, a 91-centimeter valley carpet is used. Waterproofing is laid over the underlying layer. In the presence of interlaced inter-ridge joints, the roof tiles should be laid first.

Valley truss system

The main difficulty in carrying out the work is associated with the truss system of the valley. It primarily involves reliable waterproofing, since it is this part that accounts for the largest load of roof slopes. The system is arranged in strict accordance with the drawings.

With special care, you should carry out the valley formed at the junction of the mezzanine and the main slope.

After the completion of the rafters, the roofing is laid with an output to the inner corners. Requires the use of two underlay layers with an overlap.

After the installation of the coating, the installation of the upper valley is carried out: it gives the roof an aesthetic and complete look. When fastening it, a 3-5 cm step is observed to the top of the wave. To isolate the valley nodes, a sealing tape for joints is used.

When constructing valleys, the following rules must be observed:

• it is necessary to make sure that the sealing tape for the joint is correctly installed, that the gaps for water and small debris are observed, that the waterproofing material is not mechanically damaged and that there are no tears;
• it is necessary to supplement the installation of the valley with a crate;
• the device of the valley strips is made on droppers, while the valley starts from the eaves;
• it is necessary to prepare the required number of planks for the valleys and install them in the direction from the bottom up with an overlap;
• the bottom bar is cut below the cornice line;
• during the installation of the valley, it is necessary to install the strips along the flanges; the roofing material bordering the valley is cut off according to the markup;
• fastening is carried out using self-tapping screws screwed into regular places; when using them, the roofing is tightly pressed against the valley plank;
• fixing self-tapping screws at a distance of less than 25 cm from the valley axis is unacceptable;
• the alignment of the cuts during the laying process is carried out using a rubber mallet;
• installation of the upper valley is carried out with an overlap of 10 cm.

Valley on a T-shaped roof

Multi-pitched forms of roofs significantly complicate the process of their installation. All joints that form valleys must be clearly worked out. To increase the strength at these points, it is necessary to install additional bars. To position the roof ridge at the desired angle, change the slope of the corner of the valley. The use of this technology makes it possible to arrange roofs of different sizes and shapes.

For additional strength, the valley rafters are covered with boards in a continuous flooring.

Installation of a superdiffuse membrane is carried out on this flooring. Excess moisture is vented through the ventilation gap. It is not necessary to arrange a gap under the membrane.

The installation of the valley element is carried out below the roofing material.

Double weave method

To install the valley, you need a wooden board (its width should be 20-25 cm), a waterproofing film: it is mounted on moisture-resistant plywood or chipboard, fastening is done using fixing nails. Attachment points must be sealed with bituminous mastic.

The use of this method is advisable with equal slopes of the slopes forming the valley.

With a similar method of mounting the valley, the angle is compared using a board.

The protective layer is a waterproofing membrane.

Features of the installation of the valley node

When installing the valley (starting from the ridge and ending with the eaves), the following work is performed:

• An additional board is installed in each valley. The valley planks are installed from the bottom up with an overlap of 20 to 30 cm.
• The bottom bar must be cut below the cornice line. A seal is mounted under the valley flanges and the ridge.
• A 6-10 cm gap should be maintained between the roofing and the center line of the valley on both sides.
• In the case of cutting sheets, self-tapping screws must be fixed in them with a distance of 1-1.5 cm.
• When carrying out the fastening of the roofing sheet and the valley, it is necessary to maintain a distance of 25 centimeters from the valley axis.

With the correct assembly of the roof structure at the attachment points, the roofing material will be in contact with the board on which the valley is installed.

In some cases, the features of the roof structure require the creation of valleys that begin and end on the slopes of the roof - for example, when installing dormer windows. In this case, an additional board under the valley is required.

The roofing sheet must be cut in such a way that the cut is approximately 2 cm above the level of the valley outlet. Cutouts should be made in the sheet for the side and front walls of the dormer windows. A sealant is installed along the walls. The cornice overhangs of the windows are closed with a plank.

• After that, the valley strips are mounted. They must be cut along the eaves and exit to the slope.

The edge facing the slope should fit very tightly to the surface of the roofing. Since the slope angle must be at least 11%, the tight fit is achieved by manually forming the upper edge of the valley.

If it is necessary to increase the length of the valley, a 20-30 cm overlap is made.

The junction of the valleys is fixed with self-tapping screws and sealant. A seal is mounted under the flanging. In this case, a sealing tape is used to join the valleys.

FINDINGS:

• The valley is one of the most important elements of the roof structure.
• It is subjected to increased loads - therefore, its installation requires a particularly careful approach.
• There are open, closed and intertwined types of valleys.
• Installation of both upper and lower nodes is carried out.
• The processes of the device of open, closed and intertwined varieties have their own characteristics.
• The main difficulty during installation lies in the construction of the truss system.
• An important point in this case is waterproofing.
• When arranging valleys, you must strictly adhere to the rules.

From the video you will learn how to properly install the valley using the Ondulin roof.

Increasingly, the roof has not only a functional purpose. Often this element is the highlight of the building. Such roofs have many planes that connect at different angles. Part of the joints - with positive angles - is made in the form of a ridge, part - with negative angles - in the form of valleys. To ensure that the attic is always dry, the roof valley must be done correctly.

Valley roofs

On roofs of complex shapes, when constructing protruding dormer windows, sharp corners are formed. They are obtained at the junction of two slopes. The junction is called a valley, and the roofs are called valleys.

Roofs of complex shapes look very decorative and are a decoration of the building, but their design and construction is not an easy task - it is not easy to make interfaces between planes. Due to the design features, these sections of the roof have a heavy load: there is always a lot of snow and water. Therefore, the crate is made reinforced, and waterproofing measures are much more serious than on the rest of the surface.

Features of truss systems

Rafters from different slopes in the valley can be connected at different angles (depending on the shape of the roof). At the junction, a rafter leg is installed, to which the rafters from the slopes are attached. With a small length (up to 2 m), it is enough to mount them on nails (2 on each side), with a significant length of the joint, they are reinforced with metal plates.

Rafter connection

In places of greatest load (at the widest point), the rafter leg of the valley is supported from below by a jib.

crate

At the junction of two roof slopes, the crate needs to be reinforced, and its device depends on the type of roofing material:

We have shown typical requirements and dimensions, but some manufacturers may have specific requests. When buying roofing material, you will be given instructions that will describe the entire installation process and the requirements for the crate, and other technical points. Of course, you need to follow their recommendations.

Valley device

Talking about the device in general does not make much sense, since each roofing material has its own characteristics. Therefore, we consider the most popular separately.

On a metal roof

As already mentioned, under the metal tile at the junction of the slopes, the crate is made twice as often. The lower plank of the valley is laid on this crate - this is a galvanized sheet with a fold line in the center and sides along the edges. This element belongs to the extensions, it is painted in tone with the main material. He goes in two-meter pieces.

Roof valley from metal tiles

Installation of the valley strip starts from the bottom. The edge of the element extends a little beyond the roof overhang, cut off 20-30 mm below the overhang, and a flanging (edge) is formed from this “remainder”. Please note that the valley bar should end behind the overhang, if there is a drain gutter, then above it. If it is made shorter than the overhang, then water will flow into the roof.

The next sheet is laid on top, with an approach of 20-30 cm, the joint is smeared with sealant (you can smear the entire overlap with bituminous mastic). Lay as many sheets as necessary, cut and fasten near the ridge.

There are two ways to attach the valley sheet

When constructing a valley, the main task is to ensure tightness. From this point of view, the second mounting option is more correct - after it there are no holes left, even if they are closed with a rubber gasket.

One more moment. In the lower bar there should be sides on both sides, the height is preferably more than 2 cm. They are needed so that water flowing from the slope cannot get under the metal tile.

A sealing tape is glued onto the fixed bar, at a distance of about 20 cm from the place of inflection. She goes on a self-adhesive tape. Before installation, the protective coating is removed and the tape is glued. Next, a metal tile is laid, which is cut so that it is 60-100 mm to the center of the valley. Manufacturers do not recommend placing slices closer to the center.

The sheets are attached to the crate in regular places - in the lower part of the oxen 20-30 mm below the step. The distance from the fastener to the bend is at least 250 mm.

After fixing the metal tile, the roof valley is ready and can remain in this form. But the appearance of the cropped sheets does not suit everyone. In order to close them there is a decorative overlay, which is called the upper valley. It performs a decorative function - it closes the sections, it is often simply not used.

Features of the withdrawal of the valley above the dormer window, see the following video.

From corrugated board and slate

Under these materials in the valley, several boards are laid along. A strip of waterproofing is fixed on them, which is then connected to a waterproofing membrane fixed on the slopes. The overlap should be at least 10-15 cm, the joints are connected using double-sided tape.

In this case, the sealing tape can be supplemented with a sealant. A strip of sealant is applied on both sides of the place of the inflection of the roof. After installation of the roofing material, a large free space remains in the ledges of the wave. Water, snow, debris can get there. To prevent this from happening, the gap is filled with sealant, applying it in layers.

In the case of a profiled sheet, there are several options for designing a valley:

You choose an open or closed type of slope connection, the device of the whole pie remains the same. Only the way of cutting the corrugated board changes.

Roof tiles

The roof valley of the tile has exactly the same structure as in the case of a profiled sheet. The difference is that the solid crate should be larger - at least 35 cm wide on both sides of the joint. The tile fastening in the valley has special features - some fragments are cut so much that it is impossible to fasten them with a standard lock. Then a hole is drilled in the upper part of the tile, a soft acid-resistant wire is threaded into it. They drive a nail into the crate, winding the wire onto it, fix the tiles in the required position.

The second version of the device of the valley with tiles.

Ondulin

In the case of ondulin, the crate under the valley is not continuous, but two boards located at a distance of 15 cm from one another, symmetrically with respect to the center of the valley. A special chute is laid between them.

Installation starts from the bottom, moving up. The first sheet of the valley gutter is laid flush with the edge of the roofing material, and the shape is corrected. Nailed to the crate with nails from the top side. The next sheet is laid with an overlap of at least 15 cm.

After the entire gutter is laid, the installation of roofing sheets begins. First, they cut with a margin - the mark is placed 5-6 cm further than necessary. Cut along the intended line (jigsaw or grinder). They are laid in place, mark the exact line of the cut - along the ledge on the gutter. Cut off a second time and put back in place. Since the ondulin sheet weighs a little, all operations are easy to perform.

The laid sheet is fixed with special roofing nails with a hat painted to match the coating. It is necessary to fasten in each wave, stepping back as far as possible from the middle line of the valley.

Installation of a valley on a roof from Ondulin is available in video format.

tin roofs

In private housing construction, this type of roofing material is rare, however, there are such roofs. The tin roof valley is connected manually, using a mallet and a special tool.

• The roof is one of the main functional elements of any structure. At the same time, this is a rather complex structural element, and the more complex it is, the more careful approach it requires. A complex configuration, on the one hand, makes the roof look more beautiful and interesting, and on the other hand, makes it more vulnerable due to the formation of bends.
  The roof is one of the main functional elements of any structure. At the same time, this is a rather complex structural element, and the more complex it is, the more careful approach it requires. A complex configuration, on the one hand, makes the roof look more beautiful and interesting, and on the other hand, makes it more vulnerable due to the formation of bends.

  The valleys are practically invisible, but they can both spoil the appearance of the facade and emphasize its merits. The roof truss system with a valley thus not only allows solving functional tasks, but also provides a unique design.

  The valley is called the place where the roof slopes converge, forming an internal corner. It is an indispensable element of buildings that have a T-, G- or cruciform shape, or with pronounced slopes. To this list, you must also add the bends formed on or protruding.

  It provides a uniform runoff of precipitation collected at the corner, a kind of analogue of the gutter, that is, they are under significant influence of moisture. That is why the rafter system of a complex roof requires special attention.

  The inner corner of the structure forms two slats, and each of them performs an important function:

  • lower (PEN) is a special plate, which is bent in accordance with the angle of mating of the roof slopes. It is attached to the underside of the cornice board with self-tapping screws. PEN encloses and protects against the flow of precipitation into the junction of the slopes. Installation of the bottom valley is carried out before and laying the roofing;
  • upper (PEV)- carries an artistic and aesthetic load and is installed after laying the coating.

  On a note

  As a rule, the same material is used for the manufacture as for the roof. It is often replaced with metal sheets, preferably galvanized steel, as it extends the life of the roof. And so that the finished roof does not lose its attractiveness, you need to choose the right shade of material.

  Types of valley

  

  Any, even small, error in the calculation or an error in the installation of the truss system with valleys is fraught with irreparable consequences, including the collapse of the structure. In winter, for a long time, they are under the influence of colossal loads.

  Depending on the method of installation, there are:

  • Closed and articulated structures- are typical for roofs with steep slopes or for certain roofing, where the elements of the roof are intertwined, as, say,. For these structures, an additional layer of waterproofing is required.
  • open. The slopes in this case are adjacent to each other. This is taken into account when the truss system is installed. The gap between the slopes is closed with a special gutter, through which precipitation is effectively discharged. Additional waterproofing in this case is not required.

  Installation for soft roof

  Let us dwell on the basic principles of the construction device in the case of a soft roof.

  Preparatory work

  There are at least two ways to create a negative break:

  • open;
  • cutting method.

  The base is prepared depending on the option chosen.

  • Open. The valley carpet (KE) is laid along the length of the valley on the lining barrier, horizontally displaced by 20–30 mm. From the inside, around the entire perimeter, it is smeared with, say, bituminous TechnoNikol with a strip 100 mm wide. The layer thickness is selected in accordance with the consumption rate. On the front side, the carpet is fixed with roofing nails in increments of 200–250 mm with an indent from the edges of 20–30 mm.

  If it is not possible to lay it with a continuous sheet, which is very desirable, then laying is carried out with a longitudinal overlap of 300 mm, carefully gluing.

  • When using the “undercut” option, KE is not needed.

  Open mounting

  

  • ordinary tiles are laid on the KE up to the central axis;
  • all tiles that cover the inner corner between the slopes are additionally fixed to the top top using nails for this.
  • the distance from the axis to the fastener must be more than 0.3 m;
  • further, using a coated cord, two lines are beaten off, ordinary tiles will be cut along them;
  • the waterproofing carpet can be damaged when trimmed, so a plank is placed under each tile during work;
  • before final fastening, bituminous mastic is applied to places without a self-adhesive layer;
  • if the difference between the slopes of the slopes is large and, accordingly, the flow of water also differs markedly, the gutter is shifted in the direction of a smaller water flow. Otherwise, the water will wash away the joint between the valley carpet and ordinary tiles;
  • the width of the gutter ranges from 50–150 mm. The choice depends on the characteristics of the location of the object. If it is built in a forest thicket, it is recommended to increase the width of the gutter so that the foliage can be washed off without hindrance.

  Installation by way of "undercut"

  

  • the laying of ordinary tiles begins with a slope that has a smaller angle of inclination. In this case, it is supposed to enter the second slope, which is steeper. It should not be less than 300 mm.
  • similarly to the previous case, additional fixation of each panel in the upper corner is required.
  • after the first slope, which has a smaller angle of inclination, is covered, a chalk line is “beaten off” at the other at a distance of 70–80 mm from the axis. This is the place of the future undercut of the tiles.
  • this applies to each tile, and before they are finally fixed, places where there is no self-adhesive layer on the wrong side are applied with mastic.

  On a note

  The intertwined method involves the implementation of the same steps as in the "cutting" with the only difference that when laying ordinary tiles on an adjacent slope, they are intertwined.

  Device
  

  

  The rafter system of the valley most often consists of rafters. Moreover, since it is assumed that they have the same height, the rafters in the design of the valley with their lower part will rest against the Mauerlat, and the opposite part against the ridge run.

  To form various types of roofs:, and half-hip, it is necessary to provide a different geometric shape and height of the ridge, not only the main structure, but also the secondary one.

  Rafter system with L-shaped roof valleys

  

  • Racks of the sub-rafter structure of the main roof and secondary roof girders are interconnected. In this case, the surfs serve as a support for the latter.
  • The roof purlins of the secondary roofs are connected.
  • Whatever the height of the run at the main roof, the connection is made through a nail fight.
  • On the rafters in a staggered position, sprigs are installed, which are connected to each other in the ridge knot. They, like a hip roof, rely on bars, which are previously sewn onto the rafters.
  
  

  Diagonal rafter legs, depending on the device, can work both spacer and non-spacer. As already noted, the sprigs rest against a diagonal rafter. At the same time, they transfer to it a significant compressive stress. Stropilina, in turn, resting the lower end against

All owners of country houses want their house or cottage to look unusual, surprising others not only with its appearance, but also with the internal structure of the roof.

The more complex the shape of the roof, the more unusual the whole building takes on. In this case, the valley will be a key element in the design of roofs, because the more slopes and valleys, the more complex the configuration of the entire roof is. Let's take a closer look at what a roof valley is.

valley roof

Considering such an element as a roof valley, it is worth saying that this is one of the most important elements of the entire roofing system, which is nothing more than the intersection of slopes that form a gutter. Valleys are the internal (or incoming) corners of the roof, the place where the slopes join (in the form of a tray) serves to collect water.

When designing the entire roofing system, special attention must be paid to the roof valleys, as they are most susceptible to rainfall loads.

Therefore, when connecting slopes, rather strict rules should be followed when erecting a valley roof. Materials must meet the highest quality requirements, and construction technologies must be followed very precisely.

At the same time, it does not really matter what type of roof will crown the entire building (hip, tent-shaped, or cruciform), in all these types of roofs there is such an element as a valley, and therefore special attention must be paid to their construction and design.

Even the most minimal mistakes in the design of the roof can lead to sad consequences: from ordinary leaks in the roof, to its complete collapse, if all possible loads (from wind to sedimentary) are not taken into account. Therefore, if you have doubts about your abilities and skills, it is better to invite specialists at this stage of work.

Design features of the valley and its types

Quite often, you can see that the roof valley is made of metal sheets in the form of planks.

They may have their own design features. Depending on this, two types of them are distinguished - the lower valley bar, the upper valley bar.

The lower bar and its installation are made in cases where a negative angle forms at the joints. Its main purpose is to prevent moisture from entering through the joints.

The installation of the lower bar must necessarily go even before the stage of installing materials for the roof, such as, for example, corrugated board or metal tiles.

The upper bar of the valley, for the most part, has only a decorative function. It should give the docking points of the slopes an attractive look. In other words, the installation of the valley is the final stage in the external design of the roof.

The upper bar of the valley is installed after the installation of roofing materials.

It is necessary to pay attention to the place of attachment of the valley and choose it very carefully. This will prevent damage to the bottom of the valley. For fixing, it is best to use roofing screws, and so that there are no leaks at the attachment points, it is necessary to use lining layers.

There are three main types of valley:

• open type;
• closed type;
• intertwined.

Their main differences are only in the variety of ways of connecting and weaving roof slopes.

Valley roof design

In the process of designing the entire roofing system, it must be understood that the more complex the shape and type of the roof, the more difficult it will subsequently be to erect. Accordingly, and vice versa, the fewer slopes, and, therefore, the whole structure is supposed to be simpler, the less difficulties with its construction will be.

If the roof is supposed to be multi-pitched (for example, hip) and with a large number of valleys, then there must be a plan for the future roof with the calculation of the main dimensions of the building, as well as other design features.

To properly design the roof, it is necessary, as it were, to break the building into rectangles, the largest of all will serve as the main room, and the rest, those that are smaller, will serve as extensions.

On an approximate scale and indented from the walls, you need to depict the entire perimeter of the future roof. In those places where it is supposed to connect the main premises with the annexes, there will be a valley line. Such a line will be the inner corner at which the rest of the roof elements converge.

Most often in modern houses, you can see valley roofs, which are made in the form of the letter T. In this type of roof, there are no differences between different types of rafters (diagonal and valley).

In this case, we can say the following: both the installation of valleys and all other stages of work can be done in exactly the same way as the installation of conventional rafters. But in this case, special attention should be paid to the correct connection of the slopes and their secure attachment to each other.

Groove laying

Before you start laying the groove, you need to take care of laying the wooden flooring. For this purpose, you can use a cutting board. However, it is worth remembering that it must be treated with special antiseptics.

On multi-pitched roofs, it is impossible to do without a valley, and therefore both the roof and the valley become practically the same concepts. When laying the groove, be sure to pay attention to the following features:

1. it is worth remembering that the groove is installed before the arrangement of the crate;
2. after the groove is laid, the edges of the crate must be fixed to the flooring;
3. all ends of the timber used must fit the flange of the groove;
4. in the process of laying the groove, its angle should be bent a little more than the angle of the valley itself;
5. all laying should be carried out from the eaves and in the direction from the bottom up;
6. to fix the groove to the flooring, it is necessary to use special roofing nails;
7. if it is necessary to build several grooves, then the most minimal overlap should be about 10 centimeters;
8. the ribs running across must be aligned during the laying process;
9. both edges of the groove, which provide the best water-repellent properties, must be glued with a strip of foam rubber, it will provide reliable protection for the entire valley from penetration of excess snow, dirt and water into the roofing material.

In the process of fixing the groove of the valley, you need to constantly pay attention to ensure that it does not move.

Protecting the valley from the weather

Since the valley is one of the most vulnerable elements in the entire structure of the roof, it is natural that it should be protected as best as possible from the influence of weather conditions. To achieve these goals, you can use special rolled carpets for the valley.

With a slight slope of the roof, you can get by with a coating of 4 layers. But it is necessary to connect the previous three layers together. The upper layers are fixed in one row with the canvas on the slopes.

With a slope of more than 15 degrees, all three layers are also glued to each other, but with a certain level of conjugation in the slope of the valley.

The groove, which is less than 60 centimeters wide, should be covered with long carpets, and if it is even wider, then pieces of roll coverings can be used. Laying of all layers must be carried out transversely to the entire valley.

Valley roofs are, first of all, complex types of roofs. The aesthetic appeal and beauty of both the whole house, in general, and the roof, in particular, depend on such an element as a valley.

Therefore, you need to take care that at each stage of work everything that you have in mind is done as accurately and reliably as possible, according to the developed drawings and plans. And only if all the conditions and requirements for the construction of a valley roof are met, your non-standard roof will delight you and your friends with its unique shapes and beauty for many years!