Proper laying and installation technology of bituminous tiles. The technology of laying a soft roof made of bituminous tiles: instructions and video tutorial on installation At what temperature can bituminous tiles be laid

The roof covering from a flexible tile differs in a practicality, ease, durability and universality. Installation of bituminous tiles is not difficult, so you can do it yourself. To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with the technology of performing work and some secrets of experienced craftsmen, as well as stock up on the necessary tools and materials.

What is shingles

The material is a flexible plate having curly cutouts along the lower edge. Their length is one meter, and their width is just over 300mm. Plates, called shingles, consist of several layers.

As a basis for bituminous tiles, non-woven fiberglass is used, consisting of glass strands “felled” together. This method allows to obtain a high-strength and dense fabric, characterized by elasticity and light weight.

On both sides, the fiberglass is protected by waterproofing layers of modified bitumen. The following are used as modifiers:

• SBS elastomers for extra elasticity and durability;
• APP plastomers providing high resistance to high temperatures.

Oxidized (oxygen enriched) bitumen can also be used to apply waterproof layers. In this case, the wear resistance of the tile increases.

The outer layer consists of stone granulate, which is a dressing of slate or basalt, which has various fractions. It is she who is responsible for the color of the tiled roof.

More reliable and less crumbling is considered to be basalt chips, which have rounded shapes, tightly adhering to the bitumen layer.

Powder, in addition to aesthetic appeal, performs a protective function. It does not allow:

• melt under the scorching rays of the sun;
• collapse under the influence of precipitation;
• get mechanical damage;
• lose color when exposed to ultraviolet light.

On the back of the flexible tile, a layer of self-adhesive bitumen is applied pointwise or in stripes. To prevent shingles from sticking to each other during transportation or storage, the bottom layer is protected with a special film. It is removed immediately before installation.

The main advantages of soft tiled roofing

Bituminous tiles can cover pitched roofs that have almost any geometry and a slope of 12 degrees or more. This material is quite light. A square meter of coverage weighs about eight kilograms. It is more than six times lighter than natural tiles.

The action of sunlight leads to some softening of the bitumen and soldering shingles into a continuous coating. A roof made of bituminous tiles acquires tightness, high moisture resistance and resistance to deformation.

A variety of lower edge shapes, colors, protective powders and coatings allow you to create an individual look for buildings. Roofs are neat, aesthetic and acquire nobility.

The bituminous tile belongs to economic materials. In addition to the fact that its price and the cost of installation work are relatively inexpensive, it is not required to purchase additional elements for skates and junctions. They are made from tiled sheets cut along.

The laying of bituminous tiles is characterized by a minimum amount of waste remaining after installation.

In addition to the above advantages of soft tiles, it has a number of positive qualities, such as:

• immunity to the processes of decay and corrosion;
• resistance to the spread of mold and fungi;
• the impossibility of destruction of the coating by insects or rodents;
• dielectric abilities;
• high level of noise absorption (raindrops and grains of hail do not drum on the surface);
• lack of mandatory installation of snow-retaining elements, due to the roughness of the upper layer of the tile;
• ease of transportation due to the small dimensions of the roofing material.

The disadvantages of bituminous shingles include the need for careful adjustment of the base. It should not have any deviations.

Installation of bituminous tiles

In order for the roofing to look spectacular, not leak and serve for a long time, its installation must be approached responsibly. The technology of work includes several stages, each of which is an important component of the whole process.

Base device

For shingles, a properly executed base plays an important role and affects the quality of the finished roofing. The main condition is that the flooring is continuous, with a perfectly flat surface.

Roof made of shingleswill look ugly even with minimal differences or curvature of the base.

As a flooring, you can choose:

• solid crate, mounted from tongue-and-groove boards;
• moisture resistant plywood;
• OSB-3 boards.

Materials are laid on the truss structure. It should be noted that they must necessarily be treated with antiseptics and refractory impregnations - flame retardants.

Many craftsmen recommend leveling the base with a solid crate, but OSB boards can provide durability, rigidity and smoothness. In addition, they are able not only to withstand difficult operating conditions, but also significantly reduce time and labor costs when installing flooring. Therefore, the conclusion suggests itself - it would be more expedient to use moisture-resistant oriented strand boards for the construction of the base.

Materials should not be stacked tightly together. Between sheets or boards, it is necessary to leave a three-millimeter expansion gap so that in the event of thermal expansion of the products, they do not start to rear up.

The thickness of boards, slabs or plywood directly depends on the pitch of the rafter legs. The size of the board, in this case, can be 2.0 ... 3.7 cm, and plywood or OSB boards - 1.2 ... 2.7 cm. As fasteners for flooring, wood screws or ruffed nails are used.

Of great importance for the long-term operation of flexible tiles is the provision of proper ventilation of the roof, especially when there are heated rooms under it. Ventilation guarantees:

• no accumulation of excess moisture;
• the impossibility of mold formation.

For the device of natural ventilation of the roof, the following are provided:

• channels for the circulation of air masses, or ventilation products;
• air inlets located under the lower edge of the roof;
• air outlets located at the top of the roof. Aerators, ridge or side hoods help to provide outflow.

The supply openings are closed with special gratings or soffit strips to avoid nesting birds inside the channels or possible contamination from entering them. The dimensions of the circulation channels are designed in accordance with the angle of the roof. If it is less than 20 degrees, that channel height can be equal to eight centimeters. With a larger slope, the size is taken at least five centimeters.

Lining layer for shingles

To ensure 100% protection of the roofing pie from possible leaks, an additional waterproofing layer of roofing felt or glass isol is installed between the base and bituminous tiles. On slopes with a slope of 12-18 degrees, a solid carpet is laid, rolling rolls along the overhangs. Cloths are laid from the bottom up with an overlap of at least ten centimeters.

With a roof slope of more than 18 degrees, the standards allow additional waterproofing to be laid only along the cornices, ends, valleys, ridges and other places where precipitation or melt water is likely to penetrate.

The width of the strips, at the same time, should be at least 40 cm, in the case of their flooring along the overhangs and ends, and at least 25 cm - on both sides of the ridge or other protruding part. The material is attached to the base of the roof with galvanized roofing nails with wide heads. Their step should be 20cm.

The edges of the sheets and joints must be additionally coated with liquid bitumen.

Pitched roof elements

Before starting the installation of soft tiles, the ends and cornices of the roof are reinforced with special metal strips. They are installed on top of the underlayment with a slight overlap and fastened to the base with roofing nails in increments of 12 cm.

The purpose of the pediment strips is to protect the lathing from atmospheric precipitation and to complete the entire roof structure.

In the valleys, a valley carpet is laid with its fixation with galvanized nails with wide hats. It is important that the color of the carpet and flexible tiles do not differ from each other, and that the materials belong to the same model range.

Tiling installation rules

To begin with, the bottom row of cornice tiles, which have a rectangular outline, is laid. The protective film is removed from it immediately before installation and the sheets are laid end-to-end, retreating from the overhang by a couple of centimeters. Eaves shingles are additionally fixed with roofing nails. It is allowed to fix the sheets with brackets using a construction stapler.

Ordinary tiles begin to be mounted from the bottom up, from the middle of the slope - towards the ends, so that as a result the pattern of the roofing is symmetrical. The first row of shingles is laid in such a way that the lower edge of their edge is located at a distance of up to 10 mm from the lower edge of the cornice tile. Bituminous tiles are attached to the base with 4-6 nails.

The elements of each subsequent row are laid with a shift in relation to the previously mounted tiles so that the higher petals cover the joints of the lower shingles.

At the ends, bituminous tiles are cut to size and additionally fixed with adhesive. In the area where the valley is located, trimming is done in such a way that the valley carpet is visible (approximately 150 mm wide). The edges of the shingles are also additionally glued.

Installation of ridge cover and adjoining

The ridge is made of cornice tiles, cut lengthwise at the perforation site. After removing the film, the elements are laid at the installation site and fastened with nails, first from two sides, and after installing the next part, from two more. The last tile is firmly glued onto the underlayment layer over the previous tile.

Rubber seals are applied to structures of small diameter that extend beyond the surface of the roof, such as an antenna. At the junctions with chimneys and ventilation pipes, as well as dormer windows and walls, longitudinal triangular slats are installed on top of the lining layer, on which sheets of flexible tiles are inserted.

Next, a valley carpet is glued onto the pipes and walls in the color of the main coating. At the same time, it should go 20 cm onto the slope, and 30 cm onto a vertical surface. The seams are treated with silicone sealant, and the upper connection is closed with a metal profile tape (adjacency bar).

Do-it-yourself installation of flexible tiles

Soft tiled roofing is easy to lay on your own. To do this, you need to study the manufacturer's instructions, designed specifically for manufactured products. The general rules remain the same, but slight discrepancies in technology may occur.

Flexible shingles - a material that has become popular relatively recently. It has two important differences from other types of coatings:

• base device technology;
• allowable slope angle.

Shingles features

First of all, you need to understand whether it is possible to use a bituminous coating on the roof. Tiles are not intended for use on flat and low-slope roofs. For this, there are other options for bituminous materials - rolled. The minimum allowable slope of the ramp is 11-12°.

Due to physical properties, there are restrictions on the maximum slope. It is not recommended to use bitumen for roofs steeper than 45°. In this case, the probability of slipping of the substance when heated in the sun increases.

The second difference between soft shingles and other roofing materials is the need for a solid foundation. Fastening sheets implies the presence of a continuous crate or laying sheets of moisture-resistant plywood under the coating. The use of sparse crates of boards is not allowed.

Tiled base device

Do-it-yourself installation of bituminous tiles begins with the installation of a base for individual elements. As mentioned earlier, moisture-resistant plywood or edged board is used for this. Before this, a truss system is erected, vapor barrier, thermal insulation and waterproofing of the roof are performed.

In general, the following requirements are put forward for the foundation:

• full coverage;
• smoothness;
• dryness;
• no pollution.

The thickness of plywood sheets is taken depending on the pitch of the stops. The larger it is, the greater the load on the base will be. The minimum thickness is 9 mm. When using thinner sheets, they are laid in 2-3 layers with spaced seams. For the flooring device, a material with increased moisture resistance (FSF marking) is needed. Such plywood is divided into 5 grades, for the installation of a bituminous roof, you can use any of those presented in stores.

Boards for the manufacture of continuous crates must be at least 25 mm thick. In northern regions with a lot of snow in winter, it is recommended to use a board with a thickness of 32 mm. Before installation, all lumber is treated with antiseptic compounds that prevent the appearance of mold and fungus. Optionally, they are treated with flame retardants (they increase fire resistance).

Sometimes you can find OSB-3 boards as a base for shingles. This option should not be confused with the cheaper OSB-1 and OSB-2, which do not have the desired characteristics. Before laying, it is worth checking the marking of each element.

Self-tapping screws or galvanized nails are used to fasten the base to the rafters or the counter-lattice. Between the flooring elements, a gap of 3 mm must be left for the thermal expansion of the material.

Roof ventilation

When installing a heated attic or attic, you need to take care of roof ventilation. This moment is thought over even before laying the coating. Natural ventilation will be provided with the help of such elements as:

• air holes in the eaves (often for this, a sparse filing of the eaves with boards or soffit strips is used);
• channels and vents for the movement of air under the roof;
• holes for exhaust in the ridge or along the slope (ridge and point aerators).

To ensure unhindered air movement under the roof, the distance between the insulation and the coating should be 5 cm when the slope is more than 20 °, 8 cm - when the slope is less than 20 °. If the installation of a counter-lattice is provided, it provides for small gaps for natural ventilation.

The total area of ​​the exhaust vents should be 1/300 of the area of ​​the entire slope. In most cases, it is sufficient to install only ridge aerators. If, according to the calculation, there are few of them, then additional point hoods are provided.

Lining layer

The next stage of laying bituminous tiles is the lining carpet. It is necessary to prevent roof leaks. The location of the waterproofing material is determined depending on the angle of the roof:

• less than 18° - continuous;
• from 18 ° - in places of possible leaks.

If the roof angle is less than 18°, there is an increased chance that moisture will linger on the roof. In this case, it is better to play it safe and lay the lining layer over the entire surface of the roof slope. The work is carried out from the bottom up, the material is laid with an overlap of at least 10 cm.

With a slope of 18 ° or more, it is worth laying additional waterproofing only in dangerous places:

• cornice (at least 40 cm wide from the edge);
• skate (overlap on each slope at least 25 cm);
• overhangs over the pediment;
• valleys.

Lining carpets are available in four types:

• standard (fixed with nails in 20 cm increments);
• combined (with an adhesive strip at the bottom, the top is attached to nails);
• self-adhesive;
• deposited.

The fastening technology depends on the type of material chosen. Before starting work, you must also read the manufacturer's instructions. Roofing material cannot be used as a waterproofing carpet. In this case, after a while the roof will go in waves.

Roof reinforcement

The roof of bituminous tiles is reinforced with special metal strips: eaves (marking KP), end (PT) and for the junction of the roof to the walls (PP). These areas are more likely to accumulate snow and precipitation, so extra precautions are required.

Planks are purchased at the same time as tiles. Their number must be calculated in advance. The standard length of one metal element is 2 m, but a length of 1.98 m is taken into account (taking into account 2 cm for an overlap at the junction). Roofing nails are used to secure the parts. Their step is prescribed 12 cm or less.

After installing the planks, self-adhesive tiles are glued along the eaves. It is placed end-to-end to the metal elements of the roof. After gluing, each tile is additionally fixed with nails. All joints and junctions are smeared with bituminous mastic.

Tiling

After preparing the base, they proceed directly to work on fixing the shingles. Shade of tiles from different batches may vary. To ensure evenness of color over the entire surface of the slope, two methods are used:

• purchase of material for the entire roof from one batch;
• alternation of different packages (batches) during stacking.

Otherwise, the color of the roof will turn out to be uneven, which will be striking.

Each individual element of a tile is called a shingle. Work on fixing the shingles begins with the eaves (from its central part). The distance between the first element of the coating and the eaves tiles is assumed to be 2-3 cm. The tiles of the second row are displaced relative to the first so that a beautiful pattern of the coating is formed. In this case, it is necessary to block the fastenings of the first element. There are two methods for laying tiles:

• linear (vertical rows);
• pyramidal (with a diagonal extension from the middle of the eaves).

On the gable cornice, the tiles are cut exactly along the edge. To prevent leakage, the cut edge is treated with bituminous glue, the strip width of which is at least 10 cm.

Each bituminous shingle shingle is attached to the base with 4-5 nails. Also, additional fastening is provided when the material is heated in the sun. In this case, the substance is slightly melted, the elements stick together with each other and with the base. A special roofing knife is used to cut the shingles.

After fixing the tiles on the slope, you need to decorate the ridge. Plastic aerators are usually not attractive, so they are covered with ridge-cornice tiles or elements cut from ordinary shingles. Details on the skate begin to mount from the side where the wind blows less often. The open edges should face downwind. This will prevent tearing of parts in strong gusts, since the edge on the dangerous side is covered by the next shingle.

Formation of penetrations

To bring ventilation ducts, chimneys, sewer risers and antennas to the roof, special passages are provided. In this case, you need to cut a hole in the roofing, underlayment and waterproofing: the area becomes a potential source of leaks.

In order to prevent damage even before the installation of shingles, additional insulation measures must be taken:

• Plastic adapters - close the roof ventilation holes.
• Rubber seals - used for small hole diameters, for example, under the antenna.
• Pass-through elements made of polymer - needed when removing ventilation and sewer pipes. They have seals that prevent moisture from leaking. The passage element is selected depending on the size of the hole and the color of the roofing material. Fastening is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
• Triangular metal slats marking PP - for places where chimneys or ventilation ducts made of bricks pass. On top of this plank, coating shingles are glued onto the bituminous mastic with an overlap on a vertical surface of at least 30 cm (in the northern regions it is recommended to take a large overlap). A metal apron is mounted on top, the joints are treated with bitumen. A groove is provided behind the pipe to prevent the accumulation of moisture and snow.

When installing roofing, special attention is paid to waterproofing. This is the only way to protect the building from leaks and unpleasant surprises.

With an inclination angle of 200, at least, although the minimum inclination angle may vary for different grades of bituminous material. The coating manufacturer must indicate the exact angle of inclination in the technical data sheet, as well as on the packaging.

There are no special restrictions for a large slope in the case of soft tiles; they are well attached even to a vertical surface, such as a wall or a vertical part of a roof.

Laying soft tiles will not entail any difficulties, but it needs special attention and care, and the durability of the roof depends on this.

What type of shingles are there?

The surface of the tile is covered with a layer of sand from the back, and a layer of self-adhesive bitumen is applied on top. The latter is protected by a polyethylene film, which is removed before starting installation work. The bituminous layer is designed to make the roofing more airtight. To increase the service life of the roofing, the adhesive layer should be created with an area of ​​at least 15% of the entire surface of the roofing, if this is missed, then the tightness will be broken.

Tiling sheets have standard dimensions of 33.7 x 100.0 cm, one package contains 21 sheets. This package is enough to cover 3 square meters of roofing. The packaging is light in weight, it can be freely placed in the trunk of a passenger car.

Before installing bituminous tiles, the surface should be prepared so that it is perfectly smooth, dry and grease-free, have a solid base of edged boards, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB. The thickness of the base depends entirely on the size of the gaps between the rafters. It should also be taken into account that the base should be covered with rolled waterproofing material to provide additional protection for the house from the effects of climate change. The use of additional waterproofing, that is, continuous or partial, depends on the level of the roof slope.

• On slopes where the slope is not more than 300, the waterproofing layer is placed in rows, parallel to the eaves, over the entire roof area, however, taking into account the type of bitumen.
• On slopes with a slope of 300 and above, waterproofing is laid only in the places of the chimney pipes, along the eaves, in the attic area and in those places where rain or snow water can be concentrated.

Waterproofing seams are sealed with bituminous mastic.

Shingles of shingles begin to be laid from below, in rows. The first row of roofing should hide the cuts and joints on the cornice tiles. The right ledge of the top course should cover the joints of the shingles from the first course. Care must be taken to ensure that the laying is uniform. The ends of the eaves must be evenly cut along with bitumen and treated with bituminous mastic.

In most cases, such materials are fiberglass, which has a bituminous coating on both sides. If it is hot, dry weather outside, you can stick such material without using forced heating, which means that natural conditions (sunlight) are quite enough. But there are other circumstances, therefore, the question at what temperatures it is possible to lay a soft roof varies somewhat, although heating is the main condition.

Temperature features of laying bituminous tiles

First of all, it should be noted that soft roofing materials are of two types:

1. Roll.
2. Tiled.

Installation can only be carried out if the outside temperature is at least 5 °C. Although dry and hot weather is ideal, wet or rainy weather is unacceptable - the base must be dry. Such requirements are due to the physical properties of bitumen - if the temperature is below 5 ° C, it simply hardens and it is impossible to glue it.

If the lower limit is due to a temperature of 5 °C, there is no upper limit under natural weather conditions for shingles at all. For example, in the southern regions, the air temperature in the sun can be very high, and in Libya, a heat of 58 ° C was recorded in the shade. But such heat is not a hindrance, the main thing is that roofers can work at the same time.

But not every time it is possible to mount a soft roof in dry and sunny weather. If the sun does not help in gluing, bituminous mastic and a gas burner are used - forced heating of the material is performed. If there is an urgent need, laying with a gas burner is also done in frosty weather - when there are leaks or snow flies into the attic, you can’t reckon with the weather. But roofers usually try to avoid such options, which greatly affects the speed of the production process.

When laying bituminous tiles, the base plays an important role - most often: chipboard, OSB, FSF plywood or edged board. But for high-quality installation, positive temperatures or even very hot weather are not enough. The fact is that wood has the ability to absorb moisture, which often accumulates during storage. Therefore, if the base is wet, then no heat and scorching sun will help to glue the soft roofing material.

Temperature features when laying the roof TECHNONICOL

Laying rolled roofing material of the TECHNONICOL type is somewhat different from identical work with bituminous tiles. Of course, you can use two methods for fixing:

1. Mechanical fastening (self-tapping screws, roofing nails, rails).
2. Welding on the base of the roof.

But in this case, we are only interested in one possible option - surfacing, in which we have to resort to forced heating. However, the requirements for fixing roll materials are very similar to those for bituminous tiles and, above all, a dry base. There is one important advantage in the situation - the use of a gas burner allows you to dry up moisture immediately before installation, if the base, of course, is not wooden.

Fixation of TECHNONICOL type rolls by welding can be done only on molten bitumen, but no hot and sunny weather will help here. Here, gas burners are usually used to create the proper temperature, as the most convenient tool. It should be noted that this method is applicable only for flat roofs, and the reason for this is a completely natural physical dependence. The situation is explained by the banal runoff of bitumen from a sloping surface, and there is no way to simultaneously work with a burner and glue the roof.

But, despite the fact that heating is created artificially here, some restrictions on the temperature regime still exist. The weather with air temperature from -5 °C to +25 °C is considered the most suitable. Starting from -6 °C and below, TECHNONICOL hardens strongly and its laying becomes simply impossible. But if the air warms up above 25 ° C, then the material becomes too soft, which also makes it extremely difficult to fix it. For these reasons, it is not recommended to store rolls in frost or in the open sun.

The ideal time for roofing with such material is spring, late summer and early autumn. The situation is considered when the air warms up from 6 °C to 20 °C, which is most convenient for production activities. But in those situations when the roll turned out to be frozen (the conditions for its storage were not observed), a building hair dryer is used for heating. But TECHNONICOL softened in the sun can no longer be cooled and you need to wait for the right weather.

From this we can conclude that the temperature conditions for both rolled and tiled roofs are very similar, although there are some nuances. By following such instructions (they are usually given by the manufacturer), you can quickly and efficiently close your house.

Installation of shingles can be done independently. This material allows you to create a reliable and aesthetic roofing for a pitched roof. Recently, soft tiles have attracted the attention of private developers, due to which they are gaining more and more popularity.

Lathing device

The bituminous tile keeps within on a firm equal surface of a continuous crate. Moisture resistant plywood or OSB boards are usually used as the material for creating the base. Also, a solid crate can be made of grooved or edged boards. Sheet material is laid with the long side parallel to the ridge. Sheets or boards are joined on the rafters "in a row" - on one rafter board there should not be joints of the elements of the lathing of adjacent rows.

If the step of the rafters requires trimming of the sheet material during installation, it is easier to pre-stuff the crate on the rafters from an unedged board calibrated in thickness (with the bark removed), and attach solid flooring elements to it.

On the prepared base, it is recommended to lay a lining carpet of primer roofing. It levels and additionally waterproofs the surface. Besides, this covering will provide high adhesion of a bituminous tile. Slopes with a slope angle of up to 30 ° are completely covered with roofing paper in one or two layers (overlapping vertically 150 mm, horizontally - 80 mm, laying parallel to the eaves). On steeper roofs, the lining layer must be installed in the area of ​​​​the ridge, valleys, and places where the roof adjoins vertical structures. Priming roofing is nailed, in valleys it is additionally glued.

Basic installation rules

When calculating the amount of material, some nuances should be taken into account. Bituminous tiles are designed to create a roof covering on roofs with a slope angle of 15 - 85 °. The packaging indicates the calculated surface for a slope with a slope of 45 °. When the angle of inclination changes, the consumption of material changes - for a roofing carpet of a more sloping roof, more material will be needed, for a steep one - less. Hexagonal shingles can be used on roofs with a slope of at least 20°.

The laying of bituminous tiles is carried out according to certain rules. To achieve a high-quality result, it is necessary to observe the temperature regime of work and the storage conditions of the material:

• work on the installation of roofing should be carried out at an air temperature exceeding +5 ° C;
• bituminous shingles should be stored indoors in a packed form, stacked on pallets no more than 16 rows in height;
• primer roofing should be stored in rolls in a vertical position;
• if it is supposed to work at relatively low temperatures, the lining carpet and tiles must be removed to a warm room a day before installation.

Soft tiles during laying are not processed by a burner, in contrast to the bituminous built-up roof. A protective polymer film is removed from the lower surface of the element prepared for installation, and the part is placed on the prepared plane. The adhesive surface of the shingles adheres tightly to the base under the influence of sunlight (in hot weather) or a hot air gun (in cool weather). If bituminous tiles are mounted in cold or very windy weather, a special bituminous adhesive should be used.

Elements of bituminous tiles from different packages may differ slightly in shade, color intensity. To make the finished roof look aesthetically pleasing, it is advisable to spend a separate package of material on the slope. If a large area of ​​​​the slope does not allow this, the coating is mounted from elements that are alternately taken from several packages - this allows you to achieve a uniform distribution of shades.

In hot weather, the adhesive layer of bituminous tiles softens, and the coating can deform under load. For this reason, such a roof in the heat can only be moved with the help of stairs or roofing "cats".

Fastener features

Roofing from bituminous tiles requires mechanical fastening of each element. For this purpose, they can be used:

• screw nails;
• shaved nails;
• brackets (for mounting tiles on the crate without primer roofing).

The length of the roofing nail must be at least 26 mm and the diameter of the flat head must be 8 mm. Fasteners made of metal with high-quality anti-corrosion treatment are used. Each shingle is fastened with 4 nails, which are driven in at a distance of 2.5 cm from the sides of the tile and 14.5 from its bottom line.

The head of the hammered nail should be flush with the surface. Protruding fasteners can damage the roofing element laid above. A deeply recessed nail creates a recess in which moisture can accumulate, which over time will lead to the destruction of the fastener.

Bituminous glue is used for additional strengthening of tiles in places where they adjoin windows and walls, on the ridge and in valleys, as well as for laying the coating in cold weather. Glue from the cans is applied with a steel spatula, squeezed out of the cylinders with a special gun. Since bituminous adhesive hardens at temperatures below +10 ° C, mounting the roofing in cold weather, it must be preheated. The glued shingle should be firmly pressed to the base.

Shingles installation

The first step is to fasten the metal eaves and wind battens to the underlayment using wood screws or flat head roofing nails. Fasteners are installed along the entire length of the bar in a checkerboard pattern with a step of 100 mm. Metal strips are mounted with an overlap of 50 mm. The laying of the underlayment carpet under the valleys is carried out on top of the cornice strips.

Next, a shingle for cornices is laid on top of the mounted cornice strip. The principle of installation depends on the type of tile: some material manufacturers advise leaving a gap of 1 cm between the bottom line of the eaves shingle and the edge of the eaves, in other cases it is recommended to overhang (1-1.5 cm) the roofing material over the eaves. If the manufacturer does not offer special eaves shingles, it is necessary to cut off several ordinary ones and lay out the first line of shingles on the eaves from the resulting adhesive strips, gluing them end to end.

The installation of shingles starts from the bottom of the eaves, from the middle line of the slope - the shingles are laid retreating to the left and right. The next row of roof elements is laid in such a way that the gap between the lower edge of the cornice row and the lower edge of the second line is 1-2 cm. In this case, a visual straight line of the cornice will be provided when looking at the roof from the ground. If the shingles of the bituminous shingles are rectangular in shape, each even-numbered row must be started with a shingle half so that the elements move diagonally.

If bituminous shingles are installed on the roof of a house built in high winds, the spacing between shingles should be reduced in order to increase the reliability of the coating. On such roofs, the visible part of the tiles will be smaller.

Secrets of a beautiful roof

Accurate installation of shingles with your own hands requires prior knowledge of some of the intricacies of laying. In particular, when bypassing the structural elements of the roof, including the dormer window, the distance between the extreme shingles on both sides of the element should be a multiple of 1 meter - this will allow all subsequent rows to be correctly mounted.

Before starting the laying of the material, it is recommended to draw a slope with chalk vertically and horizontally directly on the primer roofing, marking its middle line, as well as laying lines for every 4-5 rows of elements. If structural elements are located on the slope (dormer or dormer window, chimney or ventilation pipe), then vertical lines are marked from them. This makes it possible to perform the installation as accurately and beautifully as possible.

Valleys and skates

Ridge shingles should be cut along the ridge line. Having completed the ventilation gap in the ridge, the upper edge of the roof is closed with cornice shingles. Instead, you can use a trimmed regular shingle. To bend the shingle without the formation of microcracks, the material must be heated. Bituminous mastic will reliably waterproof the junction of the ridge coating to the roof.

Reliable waterproofing of the valley is carried out as follows: each shingle that falls on the gutter should, without cutting, be fixed on the other side of the gutter with mechanical fasteners and glue. In this case, only the shingles of the top row are cut off, and the gutter of the valley is reliably protected and will not leak during the long-term operation of the roof.