The main types of finishing facades of buildings and their characteristics. Facing the facade of the house: choose which material is better Types of facade finishes

Gone are the days of typical finishes, and they were replaced by a huge variety. This also applies to facades. A person who is faced with construction may well fall into a stupor from the huge selection of options on the market. To prevent this from happening, I will try to systematize the types of finishing materials for the facade, and analyze their main advantages and disadvantages.

Finishing the facade of a private house

The facade of the house requires a special approach to the choice of materials for decoration. A lot can depend on the individual characteristics of the building, but there are general factors that any facade must meet without exception:

• Presentable appearance. No matter how trite it may sound, but the facade is the face of the house.
• Ease of maintenance. Washing walls is a complex and sometimes very costly process.
• Durability. The service life in an aggressive outdoor environment should be at least 7 years without additional finishing and repair.
• Energy efficiency. Properly selected finishing materials can significantly save on heating.

It is not easy to meet all the listed qualities, but it is from them that you need to build on when choosing. So, what are the materials for facade decoration?

Hinged facade systems

Modern finishing systems imply not only the improvement of the external data of the building, but also perform a number of functions to protect the walls from external influences.

Hinged facades is a generalized name for all systems that are not mounted directly to the wall, but at some distance. Most often, these are special mounting brackets to which decorative trim is fixed.

Thanks to such a system, an air chamber with a constant flow is formed under the exterior finish, it is this chamber that prevents the accumulation of moisture on the surface of the house and the formation of harmful mold.

Important! Some types of hinged facades are very heavy and can create additional load on the walls.

Hinged facade systems can be presented in different versions:

Siding

The most popular type of facade decoration. It can be made of both metal and plastic. Some siding models have a multilayer structure, which can significantly save on building insulation.

pros

• Democratic price. Even multi-layer siding costs less than most competitors.
• Durability. There are no restrictions on service life.
• Ease of installation. Accessories for siding, allow you to perform finishing work in a short time and even on your own.
• Variety of exterior decor options. Imitation of natural wood or stone is possible.

Minuses

• There are small thermal expansions when heated. This must be taken into account when finishing.
• Siding panels have a certain length, and if the house is large, you will have to install a connecting profile.
• Low strength under mechanical stress.

Glass facades

One of the most expensive types of facade decoration. It is most often used on administrative or commercial buildings, but can also be found on many cottages.

pros

• High strength. Triplex glass is able to withstand heavy surface loads and mechanical stress.
• Presentable appearance.
• Glass has a high degree of sound and heat insulation.
• Ease of repair. In case of damage to one of the segments, it will not be necessary to redo the entire facade.

Minuses

• High price.
• Difficulty of installation.
• Many people feel uncomfortable when they are in a completely glass room.

Facing the facade of the house with clinker tiles

This is a multilayer finishing material made of high-strength ceramic tiles and polyurethane insulation.

pros

• High impact strength.
• Complete absence of thermal deformations.
• Aesthetic appearance with a wide range of colors.
• Thermal insulation that does not require an additional layer of insulation.
• Ceramics does not age and does not lose its appearance over time.

Minuses

• Relatively high cost.
• The complexity of installation associated with cutting ceramic tiles.
• The heavy weight of the finish, creating an additional load on the walls of the house.

This is a generalized concept that includes all types of finishes applied to the facade in liquid form. Wet facades can be:

1. Heavy. When the coating is applied in several layers, including a layer of insulation and reinforcing mesh.
2. Lungs. Applied only as a decorative coating and implying home insulation from the inside.

Important! Before applying any decorative finish, the walls must be carefully primed and treated with special impregnations.

Painted house facade

The most affordable way to finish the facade. Suitable for any buildings, regardless of their purpose. Facade paint can be applied to all surfaces and has high adhesion. Most often, such paints are made on an acrylic basis, which is completely harmless to human health.

pros

• Modern paints are highly durable and resistant to natural influences.
• Huge selection of color palette.
• Ease of application.
• Ease of care. Painted facade, simply wash with water from a hose.
• Low cost of materials and labor.

Minuses

• Short service life. Even the highest quality paints begin to lose color after a few years and require renewal.
• It can only be applied during the warm season.
• It does not have any protective or insulating properties.
• Requires additional processing of the stand and their alignment.

Textured plaster

With the help of facade plaster, you can easily and cost-effectively change the color of the house

Unlike simple cement plaster, this type of home decoration can be in a variety of colors and even with imitation of natural materials. For its application, it is not required to level the walls, a simple antibacterial primer is enough.

pros

• Low price in comparison with any hinged facade.
• Ease of application.
• Large selection of colors and textures with a variety of imitations.
• Compared to paint, plaster is more durable.
• The composition uses only environmentally friendly components that are not harmful to health.

Minuses

• Poor adhesion to metal and wood surfaces.
• A few years after application, it fades in the sun.
• Low degree of sound and heat insulation.

All the options listed above are just a small part of the types of facade finishes. But they are the most popular among customers.

The very concept of "building facade" is immediately associated with the outer part of buildings, which are decoratively ennobled using a variety of materials. It is worth noting that in the modern market there are a huge number of different options for facing work. The same applies to the types of lining themselves, which we will discuss in detail in today's article.

Main types of cladding: ventilated facade

Types of house facades require separate consideration, since each of them has a number of its pros and cons, suitable for certain types of buildings.

Ventilated facades are cladding made using a special ventilated technology, which is very often chosen by domestic designers. The materials are mounted on a frame made of galvanized, stainless steel or aluminum. The frame, in turn, is attached to a load-bearing wall or a monolithic floor of the building. Thus, air freely passes between the wall and the cladding itself, which dries the surfaces, preventing moisture from stagnation in the empty space. Each fastening element is considered universal, thanks to which designers can use this type of cladding even in cutting-edge projects.

The main advantages of ventilated facades

Let's look at the main advantages of ventilated facades:

• Ease of installation the possibility of installation by one's own hands, since a specialized tool is absolutely not required here
• Resistance to external influences Absolute resistance to the negative effects of the atmosphere
• Water protection The insulation is completely protected from waterlogging
• Variety of colors A huge abundance of different colors due to the versatility of materials
• Installation of soundproofing With the exception of insulation, soundproofing can be easily installed in free space
• Installation at any time of the year Due to the absence of wet processes, this type of facade can be installed absolutely at any time of the year.

The main types of cladding: plaster facade

The following types of building facades are called plaster, and they are used to create a textured surface of facades, as well as to solve various design problems, which has become relevant recently. Moreover, the plaster facade has a breathable structure, which saves the wall array from an excess of moisture.

The process of installing a plaster facade

• Foundations are being prepared (removal of old cladding)
• Priming of the base (the wall can also be cleaned from moss and mold)
• The plinth profile is fixed
• Installation of thermal insulation boards
• The mortar mixture is applied to the insulation boards
• Insulation boards are glued
• Additional board surface control
• Grinding the surface of the plates (as needed)
• Additional mechanical insulation
• Installation of a reinforcing layer
• Application of decorative plaster compositions

Each of the above steps may vary depending on the type of plaster chosen. The material is silicate, silicone, acrylic, and also mineral. Let's look at the main advantages of the presented type of facade design:

The main advantages of the plaster facade

• Variety of finishes The ability to solve aesthetic problems, since a variety of patterns can be applied to the surface, as well as give any texture
• Additional insulation Some types of plaster can serve as additional heat and sound insulation.
• Anti-vandal material This material can rightly be called anti-vandal, because as a result of the appearance of any defects, it is possible to restore the previous appearance of the facade in a matter of minutes.
• High strength Any destruction is possible only with a strong waterlogging of the composition applied to the wall, which indicates the high strength and stability of the plaster
• Durability Wet facade effect is the most durable

Main types of cladding: facade glazing

Stained-glass facade glazing is one of the most modern types of building design. Despite the external high cost, this type of design work is one of the most economical, and the ease of installation in any weather only increases the interest in stained glass from many customers. The post-transom installation system can rightly be called innovative, since it is based on the installation of horizontal crossbars and vertical posts that support decorative plates. There are classical, structural and semi-structural installation systems.

The main advantages of facade glazing

• Resistance to the external environment Increased resistance to freezing, as well as high fire safety
• Absolute environmental friendliness
• Any area Ability to work on large areas
• Speed ​​and all-weather Installation is carried out quickly and in any season
• High level of facade transparency Provides additional savings in terms of installing additional lighting sources

The slabs used for glazing can be made from plastic, aluminum and real glass, which gives the building a spectacular look.

Finishing materials for facades of houses and buildings and their properties

Cladding with special facade cassettes

Types of finishing facades of houses (buildings) are very versatile, and each of them has its own unique function and characteristics. It is worth starting with facing with special facade cassettes, with the help of which a practical, and most importantly, durable facade is obtained, which is also ventilated. Upgrading is carried out with a special polymer coating and galvanized steel. The advantages of this type include a wide color palette, as well as the simplest installation during installation.

Facing the facade of the house with plaster

The next view is done with the help of plaster, a material that can not only noticeably insulate the building, but also acquire an texture, which plays an exclusively decorative role. The main function of plaster has always been the leveling of walls, and a large number of substances are used for this task: gypsum, lime mortars, as well as cement-sand compositions. In order for the coating itself to turn out to be of high quality and functional, it is recommended to use only high-quality building products from renowned manufacturers.

Facing work using siding

Facing work using siding is distinguished by its own abundance in terms of textures and colors, as well as its decorative versatility. It is siding that is most often chosen by professional designers who have to work with the organization of design work when decorating building facades. In addition, the material protects the house very well from various weather conditions, whether it be heat, cold, rain or snow. Vinyl siding, which is the most relevant at the moment, not only surpasses other types in strength, but also in appearance. Vinyl won't stick to dirt and won't rust.

Facing and finishing the house with wooden siding

Wooden siding deserves special attention, as it is also in trends. Despite the fact that vinyl types have long overtaken wood in their qualities, many lovers of natural materials still choose wooden options that are made from plywood, cedar, mahogany, hardboard, ordinary boards, cedar tiles and a number of other materials. Due to the naturalness of wood, a very important advantage is the naturalness of the color that any home acquires. This cladding option is especially relevant in the construction of country houses and cottages.

Facing and finishing the house with the use of stone

The use of stone in facing works is one of the most time-consuming and expensive processes, however, the result is able to amaze even the most unartistic person. The installation of stone plates is carried out selectively or in a continuous manner, and each of the options has its own decorative character. The process of stone finishing not only requires professionalism, but also high-quality materials, so that the final result is not only reliable, but also striking in its appearance.

Facing and finishing the house with the use of porcelain stoneware

Improvement of the facades of buildings is also often carried out using a material called porcelain stoneware. Appearance at the same time looks quite stylish, strict, noble, so it is often chosen by companies involved in the construction of their own office. The aesthetics of this option is the main advantage for which porcelain stoneware is highly valued among designers and planners. Moreover, the material copes very well with home shrinkage, since the installation is carried out using a special crate. Of course, porcelain stoneware may shift a little, but it will not crack, it will not lose its original appearance.

Cladding and decoration of the house using sandwich panels

The phrase "sandwich panel" may become new and unusual for you, but this type of cladding has long gained popularity among domestic designers. In fact, a sandwich panel is 2 sheets of metal that are combined with a layer of insulation. The metal used is hard. As for the strength of the product, it is achieved by pressing the parts to each other. The attractiveness of the appearance and thermal insulation of the building are the main advantages of the material. Understanding the topic of decorative features, it should be noted that the surface can be smooth, decorated or profiled.

Facing and finishing the house with the use of facing bricks

The list of types is completed by the famous front brick, which in its physical properties is somewhat different from the classic types of brick. This material is absolutely not afraid of fire, is produced under the strongest pressure in specialized forms, and also breathes remarkably, while not letting the cold inside the building. Masonry is carried out 70 cm from the ground. A prerequisite for finishing work is waterproofing. It is for these reasons that the production of self-facing a house with face bricks can be difficult.

Facing materials for the facade of the building perform a protective and decorative role. They allow you to make the building not only attractive and respectable, but also improve its performance. Let's look at the advantages and disadvantages, as well as the features of the most popular outdoor materials.

Requirements and norms

Today, the construction market presents a lot of facade materials that differ in composition, properties, appearance.

In this regard, it is important to decide which material is suitable for a particular structure.

When choosing a material, the following criteria for its evaluation should be considered:

• strength, reliability (the facade of the house is subject to heavy loads, including mechanical damage, so the coating must withstand them);
• wet strength (on how the home decoration compositions are able to withstand moisture, its performance, appearance and durability depend);
• fire resistance (the ideal finishing material is non-combustible, although this is quite rare, so it is important to at least exclude self-ignition and the release of toxins during combustion);
• weather resistance (that is, resistance to natural factors, primarily UV rays);
• windproof properties of the material (an important criterion when choosing hinged panels and slabs mounted on modern buildings; the effect is achieved by a special lock fastening);

• frost resistance (the ability of the coating to withstand freezing and thawing cycles without loss of material geometry and performance);
• biostability (the ability to withstand the effects of insect pests, rodents, the absence of mold and fungus on the surface);
• environmental friendliness (one of the most important criteria for finishing materials when facing a country house or any room that involves the residence or long-term stay of people in it);
• long service life (a rare owner dreams of changing the lining every 2-5 years, so modern facade materials are designed for 20-100 years of service);
• ease of maintenance (most hanging materials do not require constant maintenance and even have the ability to self-clean, others, such as wood, require regular impregnation with special compounds).

If we talk about aesthetic criteria, then this, of course, is an attractive appearance. Today's cladding compounds and slabs are distinguished by a variety of designs and textures (the following review of exterior examples is a convincing confirmation of this). Separately, it is necessary to highlight panels that imitate natural surfaces (stone, brick, wood, plaster). Modern technologies make it possible to produce them as close as possible in color and texture to natural materials.

Sometimes, imitation cannot be identified even upon closer inspection.

Exterior design

The material used for finishing determines the methods of its installation, and therefore There are the following cladding options:

• wet (building mixtures are used);
• dry (finishing materials are fastened with bolts, dowels and other fasteners).

Depending on whether there is a small air space between the facade and the wall, facades are distinguished:

• ventilated (assume a gap between the material and the wall or insulation, necessary for air circulation and removal of excess moisture);
• non-ventilated (the material is attached directly to the wall).

The material for external processing, as well as the type of facade, is determined by the features of the structure. For example, for a house made of foam blocks, brick, stone or facade tiles, in other words, hinged systems, composite material and traditional cladding, will be the best facing materials.

For frame country houses, it is better to use sheet cladding options. Galvanized profiled sheet will provide additional support for the structure, but it will not require additional strengthening of the foundation.

It is important to correctly combine insulating and facing materials. The main rule is that one of the components must be non-combustible. So, for fiber cement non-combustible slabs, you can use mineral wool insulation. It is not recommended to use them in combination with vinyl siding.

Wet and light plaster

Decorative plaster allows you to create an outwardly expensive, aesthetically attractive and original facade, which can be painted if desired. It is an eco-friendly material that allows the walls to "breathe". Suitable for ventilated facades, however, the building needs high-quality internal sound and heat insulation, since plaster does not provide insulation and noise protection. All types of plasters tolerate temperature extremes well, are not afraid of moisture and direct sunlight.

The disadvantages of the material are the complexity of application, the need for careful preparation of the walls (leveling, preliminary antiseptic treatment, application of primers). If the installation technology is not followed, cracking and peeling of the plastered layer is possible.

There are the following types of plaster.

• Mineral. The type of plaster, which is the cheapest way to finish the walls, which leads to its wide distribution.

Of the obvious features - absolute incombustibility, which allows you to combine the material with flammable insulation.

Suitable for all types of surfaces, but has low elasticity. This causes cracking when the structure shrinks, which is why it is not suitable for newly built buildings. The average service life is 12-15 years.

• Acrylic. It is characterized by high elasticity, and therefore is suitable for decorating walls even of newly built buildings. Possessing higher rates of strength and moisture resistance, it demonstrates a longer, up to 18 years, period of operation. The disadvantage of the acrylic mixture is its combustibility, so it should not be used in combination with combustible heaters, such as mineral wool. Usually it is combined with foam insulation materials. In addition, the surface attracts dust, and it is unacceptable to wash it. You either have to regularly clean and care for the facade, or be prepared for the fact that it will quickly lose its visual appeal.

• silicate. Material with excellent performance properties, including high elasticity, ability to repel dust and dirt, the tendency to self-clean when it rains and a long service life. The latter reaches 30 years. Such characteristics are explained by the presence of potassium glass in the composition. A feature of the material is its rapid solidification, so plaster must be applied quickly, a team of specialists will be required. In addition, it requires a special primer, which also increases the cost of installation work. The price for the mixture is also rather big.

• Silicone. The material, which has practically no flaws, like all types of plasters, the composition tolerates heat and frost, temperature "jumps", exposure to moisture and direct UV rays, is environmentally friendly and vapor permeable. At the same time, it is characterized by strength and increased wear resistance, non-flammable, combined with all types of surfaces and heaters. The disadvantage is the high cost, which, however, is offset by the increased technical characteristics of the mixture.

Mounted structures

Hinged structures involve the use of crates, on which the finishing material is mounted. This method is becoming increasingly popular, as it allows you to create a ventilated facade, use a heater of the desired thickness.

Thanks to the crate, it is possible to hide irregularities and minor defects in the walls, and to carry out installation even at low temperatures.

The crate is usually made of wooden bars or metal profiles. The latter option is preferable, since it does not require pre-treatment of the crate elements with fire retardants and similar compounds for wood.

A variety of hinged structures is considered siding. It is a panel, similar in size to the size of the boards. At the same time, the material has special grooves and locking systems, thanks to which it is assembled like a children's designer. This type of installation allows you to make it simple and efficient, it is possible to carry out installation work all year round. The material has improved performance properties, including hydrowind protection.

The sizes and design of the material are very diverse. These can be either color models (bright glossy or calmer, neutral matte panels), or an imitation of the texture of any natural material (brick, stone, wood). The material is easy to clean - most surfaces have a self-cleaning function. Wet cleaning is possible.

There are the following main types of siding panels.

• Plastic. Based on PVC, as well as various modifiers and pigments. Such panels are strong enough, but with increased mechanical stress (shocks) they can crack. The material has moisture resistance, withstands high and low temperatures, their abrupt change, and is resistant to UV protection.

Light weight (up to 5 kg / sq. m) does not require strengthening the foundation. The disadvantage is the low rate of fire safety.

• Metal. Metal siding is based on aluminum or galvanized steel profiles. Metal siding is characterized by a large margin of safety compared to PVC analogue. Features of the technologies used, including special impregnation, provide anti-corrosion protection of the material, and with it durability. It also demonstrates high weather resistance, but is used only on reinforced bases due to the increased weight of the material.

• Wooden. A wooden profile is dried and treated with antiseptic boards or a profile. The material is completely environmentally friendly, vapor-permeable, has high thermal insulation performance, and is resistant to high temperatures.

Natural wood finish looks elegant and noble.

However, despite the processing of wooden panels with special compounds, their service life is short. During operation, siding requires regular maintenance.

• Fiber cement. The panels are made from cement mortar and dried cellulose, which results in a durable, wear-resistant material with improved sound and heat insulation characteristics. Among the advantages are impact resistance, weather resistance, preservation of the shade of the panels even under the influence of direct sunlight, thanks to ceramic spraying, high levels of wet strength. The composition of the material determines its high weight (up to 25 kg / sq. M), which makes it possible to use it only on reinforced foundations.

Separately, it is necessary to highlight the basement siding, designed for cladding the lower part of the building. It has a greater thickness of profiles, better indicators of weather resistance and moisture resistance, resistance to mechanical damage. This is due to the fact that the basement of the house is more often than others exposed to impacts and other damage, freezing, exposure to moisture and other negative environmental factors.

Basement siding is rather rectangular panels. Their width is usually equal to the height of the base and starts from 60 cm. This makes installation easy.

Facade panels have some similarities, in terms of fastening and possible materials used for manufacturing, with siding. They can have a square or rectangular shape, various dimensions. Some boards include insulation. Multi-layer panels provide their high performance properties.

Another popular hinged type material is sandwich panels. They are a "sandwich", in which a "middle" of insulation is laid between 2 layers of rigid material (usually metal). The strength and durability of the structure is ensured by using the hot pressing method. The front side of the "sandwich" can be painted in any shade, be smooth or have a relief.

Sandwich panels are highly resistant to fire and moisture, demonstrate excellent thermal insulation properties with low weight. The material is easy to install, and if a separate section is damaged, only it can be replaced without going through the entire facade.

Ventilated facades can also be created using facade cassettes.

If earlier they were used for facing administrative buildings, now private buildings are also trimmed with them. This is due to the durability and reliability of the material, its weather resistance. Externally, the cassettes are squares and rectangles of aluminum, steel, less often copper, coated with a protective polymer layer. Cassette sizes and designs may vary.

Cladding materials: pros and cons

Each of the presented materials has characteristic advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, even within the same type, materials can have polar characteristics according to a certain criterion. For example, fiber cement and metal siding are non-combustible, while plastic siding is not highly fire resistant.

When choosing a material, one should focus not only on the pros and cons of the material, but also on the structural features. So, for a wooden and timber house, it is better to choose ventilated facades. In this regard, even the highest quality and most expensive plaster will be inferior in its characteristics to siding or cladding panels.

But brick or stone buildings (which are environmentally friendly in themselves) are preferably decorated with decorative plaster on the outside. Being completely natural, it helps to remove moisture from the building, maintain heat in the cold season and create a pleasant coolness in the heat.

It is also important to take into account the climatic conditions. For example, wood trim, which has a number of advantages, will quickly become unusable in coastal areas. It is better to sheathe the house with panels or slabs. This hydro-windproof material will withstand squally gusts of wind and will literally repel moisture.

Modern facing material must necessarily be moisture resistant. Some surfaces (stucco, siding and panels, clinker tiles) have low moisture absorption, while others (most types of bricks) cannot boast of similar characteristics.

The wet strength of the material directly affects how the facade withstands frost. With high moisture absorption, moisture accumulates in the pores of the coating, which freezes and expands at low temperatures.

As a result, the surface becomes covered with cracks, the operational properties of the cladding are lost, and its appearance suffers.

Clinker tiles

Visually, the material is a regular-shaped brick. The basis of the material is shale clay, which is subjected to high-temperature firing. In the process of the latter, the clay changes its yellowish hue to terracotta, brown, beige (depending on the initial state of the clay and the features of the technologies used).

The main feature of clinker is its increased strength, frost and seismic resistance. The advantages of the material are also high rates of wet strength, resistance to temperature extremes, environmental friendliness, and a variety of choices. It is suitable for the design of ventilated facades of buildings and has a fairly high cost. However, the price range is quite wide: from premium models to economy versions.

In addition to clinker, there are ceramic and concrete tiles. They are characterized by strength, wear resistance and low moisture absorption. Concrete tiles do not tolerate temperature extremes, may have broken geometry, and have considerable weight. Ceramic tiles are suitable for both dry and wet installation.

Natural and artificial stone

Stone cladding belongs to the category of strong and durable. When choosing a natural stone, this should be done taking into account climatic conditions. So, marble is unsuitable for regions with high humidity, while limestone is not used in areas with a harsh climate.

Natural stone undergoes complex processing, including its purification, elimination of the radiation background, giving the desired shape. Naturally, all this affects the cost of the finished product, which is very high. A large weight of the material necessarily requires strengthening the foundation. It is worth noting that buildings finished with natural stone look respectable, and such a facade can last up to 100 years. Yes, with regular maintenance.

Today, those who want to decorate their homes with marble stone are increasingly using an artificial analogue. In terms of its strength and wear resistance, this material is not much inferior to a natural mineral, but at the same time it has a lower cost and lighter weight, easier installation. The artificial stone is based on polyester resins, modifiers and pigments, as well as fine-grained stone chips.

The latter provides the strength and attractive appearance of the material, and resins provide its increased wet strength, high antibacterial properties, and the ability to self-clean.

As for the appearance, the material imitates any stone surface. At the same time, it is not always possible to detect a “substitution” even upon closer examination - the color and texture are so close to the shade and structure of natural stone. Under the finish, cellular concrete or a brick wall is usually hidden, less often - wooden surfaces.

Brick

It contains only natural ingredients, so you can confidently declare its environmental friendliness. Moreover, the presence of micropores in the material allows the walls to "breathe", which contributes to the creation of a favorable climate in the building. In addition, the material is not afraid of frost, for a sufficiently long time it remains resistant to UV exposure.

Using different types of brick and its masonry, it is possible to create original and unique facades. A big plus: if a fragment of the facade is damaged, spot repairs can be made. Brick laying is a rather laborious process that requires a professional approach. It is also important to use it only on a reinforced foundation and after thorough waterproofing of the plinth. Of the significant disadvantages - low heat capacity.

Brick may differ in composition and production methods, and therefore it is customary to distinguish the following types of it.

• Clinker. The basis of the brick is plastic clay, which is fired and pressed. If we talk about the technical properties of the material, then it is the best among other types of bricks. The clinker modification is distinguished by high mechanical strength, heat resistance and resistance to direct sunlight. The frost resistance of the material is 300 cycles. Clinker brick is resistant to aggressive environments, has a low water absorption coefficient. Undoubted advantages are also environmental friendliness and ease of maintenance - it is enough to wash the facade. The disadvantages are high cost and heavy weight. An alternative to this type of brick can be thinner, and therefore lighter, clinker tiles.

• Ceramic. A widespread type of brick, which has a variety of colors and is characterized by durability, resistance to temperature changes, fire resistance and low cost. Unfortunately, the water absorption of ceramic bricks can reach 10%, which also affects its frost resistance. If limestone is present in the composition, this will cause even more increased moisture absorption.

In this case, limestone will be indicated in the finished product by darker blotches.

It is among the batches of ceramic bricks that materials with broken corners and not the most perfect, in terms of geometry, shapes are often found.

• Hyperpressed. The basis of such a brick is cement, special additives and shell rock, which are subjected to semi-dry pressing. Visually, the material is difficult to distinguish from ceramic, but it is characterized by lower moisture absorption (it is at an average level and is 5-6%) and, accordingly, better frost resistance, more accurate brick geometry. This durable and strong material is easy to install, but the bricks are heavy and tend to change color during operation.

• Silicate. The silicate brick contains a cement-sand mixture, the production method used is autoclaving. This ensures the affordability of the material. In addition to low cost, it is distinguished by the correct geometry of forms, good soundproofing properties, and durability. Moisture absorption is up to 15%, which causes the instability of silicate brick to frost. High weight, combined with high thermal conductivity and less attractive aesthetic qualities - all this is the reason that buyers rarely choose sand-lime brick for facade cladding.

sheathing

House cladding, unlike cladding, performs 2 functions - decorative and load-bearing. The latter manifests itself primarily in frameless buildings. The outer skin has a large load, so the materials used in this case are based on metal (more often steel), which necessarily has anti-corrosion protection. House cladding is usually done using special metal sheets or thermal panels.

Thermal panels

They are a material consisting of a foil layer with a fastening system, insulation and a decorative layer. As a heater, expanded polystyrene and its extruded version, as well as polyurethane foam, are used. Preference should be given to polyurethane foam products. The insulation in them contains the smallest air bubbles, which provides excellent thermal insulation performance with a low weight of the product.

Clinker tiles are usually used as a decorative layer.

As a result of the sheathing, an imitation of brickwork is obtained, the choice of shades and textures is diverse.

The material is durable, 1.7 times warmer than many of the considered materials. It is quite simple to mount it, but it is important to follow the mounting technology. The material should be fixed directly to the wall, avoiding the formation of air space between the panels and the facade. This is due to the vapor impermeability of thermal panels.

The walls must first be leveled, otherwise the sheathing cannot be skewed, which will lead to the loss of its operational properties. The service life of the cladding is up to 30 years.

Sheets

Steel is usually the basis for sheets for external cladding. It is covered with a layer of zinc, which allows you to achieve decent anti-corrosion performance. Additional protection against environmental influences (primarily UV influence), as well as the decorative effect of the material, is provided by applying a polymer coating.

The strength of the material and its wind resistance is ensured by the peculiarities of the form: a profiled galvanized sheet is used to create a ventilated cladding. Similar sheets are also used as roofing sheets for roof decoration.

A similar finishing method is applicable not only for residential buildings, but also for household buildings, garages. Profiled sheets are strong and durable, and new fastening systems guarantee ease of installation and durability. By choosing one or another shade or the direction of the "furrows", you can create unique exteriors.

Installation is carried out on a prepared frame. For insulation, you can choose polystyrene, mineral wool materials or purchase a profiled sheet, thermally insulated at the factory. The latest models are 2 profiled sheets, between which a layer of insulation is laid.

Combined Solutions

Increasingly, owners of private houses are resorting to combined cladding of cottages. This method involves a combination of several textures within the boundaries of one facade. It is noteworthy that the difference in textures is achieved both by using different materials, and by using the same material with imitation of different surfaces.

The latter method is more convenient in terms of installation and preparatory work, as well as maintenance. In most cases, the basement of the building, corners, small architectural elements, door and window openings are distinguished with other material. Combined facade decoration allows emphasizing the complexity and sophistication of buildings of complex configuration and adding zest to buildings that are simple in shape.

The facade of a house is the same as a person's face. Types of facades may differ from each other depending on the materials used.

Consider the most popular and reliable finishing options for houses. Today these include:

• decorative plaster;
• decorative rock;
• planken;
• brick;
• panels.

About what are the types of facades, finished with such materials, below.

Plastered facades - pros and cons

One of the oldest and most affordable home decoration options today is the use of a plaster mixture. The quality and durability of the finish will be directly related to the quality of the base preparation.

There are several types of decorative plaster mixture:

• mineral;
• acrylic;
• silicone;
• silicate.

The most common is mineral plaster, which many people know as "bark beetle", with which you can create colored textured surfaces. For the manufacture of the mixture, a cement-sand mortar is used, the main advantage of which is vapor permeability. The material is easy to apply, it will last at least 10 years.

The advantage of acrylic plaster is its elasticity, due to which it is possible to avoid the appearance of small cracks. The material is also vapor permeable, used in combination with foam. The disadvantages of the acrylic mixture include rapid contamination and premature loss of color. The average life of such a coating is 15 years.

Silicate plaster is also vapor-permeable, unlike acrylic, it is resistant to dirt, retains its performance characteristics throughout its entire service life (up to 25 years).

Silicone plaster again demonstrates excellent vapor permeability, is combined with all types of insulation, is considered the most practical and suitable for finishing the facade of a house. A coating treated with such a mixture can last up to 25 years.

The plastered facades of houses look fashionable, stylish and neat, and can be combined with any type of insulation materials.

Decorative stone in outdoor bleaching works

Decorative stone facades are a relatively new phenomenon. The material was invented as a more affordable and convenient alternative to natural stone. Using decorative stone slabs, architects and designers develop unique designs by combining colors, textures and styles.

Compared with natural material, the decorative analogue has several advantages. Of course, in terms of expiration dates, it is unlikely that such a stone will outdo natural marble or granite, but as for external attractiveness, the ability to imitate all kinds of stone and thermal insulation properties, everything is in order here.

Decorative plates do not have such a significant weight as natural ones, which means that they do not exert pressure on the walls and foundation of the building. They are easy to mount, withstand the test of mechanical damage, UV rays and precipitation. In addition, a pleasant bonus is the low price compared to the price of natural stone.

Planken for the facade - features

Planken for the facade of houses is not quite a lining, as some people think today. In fact, these materials are fundamentally different from each other. Unlike lining, which can deform the facade under the influence of moisture, planken will not cause such troubles.

The material board is smooth, with rounded corners from Siberian larch. Planken is resistant to manifestations of the external environment, UV rays and moisture. To process it, varnish or special impregnations are used.

The facade board is fastened with gaps, due to which the natural air exchange of the structure is not disturbed. If necessary, the boards can be replaced without completely dismantling the facade. The product is environmentally friendly, has a beneficial effect on the health of people living in a house with such a facade.

Facade panels for wall cladding

Metal and wooden facade panels are used for finishing houses. Both of them are resistant to corrosion, demonstrate excellent heat and sound insulation characteristics.

Products can be made of galvanized steel or aluminum with an additional anti-corrosion coating. The lightest and most durable are aluminum panels. The disadvantage of composite metal panels is insufficient thermal insulation.

Wooden panels are made from wood fibers pressed under pressure. Unlike metal, products demonstrate high thermal insulation performance, are not susceptible to the formation of fungi and mold, and are simply and quickly mounted. The material has a significant disadvantage - it is unstable to moisture and fire hazard.

Vinyl facade - the use of polymer materials

The easiest way, and therefore the most common one, is cladding houses with siding. Panels are made of polyvinyl chloride with the addition of coloring pigments.

Products are simply mounted using aluminum nails that are not prone to corrosion. Siding facades are durable, fireproof, do not put pressure on the foundation. The disadvantage of the material is exposure to low temperatures.

Polyurethane foam panels are foam mixed with marble chips and pressed into blocks. Careful installation using such material will imitate brickwork.

Another variety is sandwich panels, created on the principle of a puff cake with a vapor barrier layer in the middle. Such a facade will be the most protected from noise, retain heat, and last for many years. The disadvantage of the design is the products freezing at the joints at low temperatures.

Fiber cement panels are 90 percent cement. The rest is a mixture of fillers, cellulose and plastics. It is recommended to install products on a crate with a gasket made of insulating material.

Glass panels are an elite version of materials. With their help, you can easily achieve the creation of unique solutions in a futuristic design. At first glance, the fragile facade is characterized by increased reliability. A variation on this theme is products based on foamed glass granulate. The material is reinforced on both sides with fiberglass mesh.

An interesting option is a facade made of reflective glass that can create additional shine, as well as glass that absorbs light to create shadows in the room.

Brick facades - what you need to know?

Facade brick can be of different shapes, with a matte or glossy surface, imitate chips. Most often, hollow bricks are chosen for decoration, which can be presented in different sizes.

The main advantage of a brick is a combination of its practicality with heat-insulating characteristics. Facades are often made of silicate, clinker, ceramic and glazed bricks.

Want more information on a topic? Check out these articles:

Along with wooden lining, lining has been used for a long time ...

The building, which is approaching the final stage of construction - the choice of the facade of the house, needs two main points: protection from adverse effects from external influences on the structure and decoration of the house, which determines which style it will be assigned to.

Ventilated façade system with porcelain stoneware cladding.

Facing the facade of a private house can be done as follows (indicating the prices for work and the cost of the material):

1. ventilated facades - the cost of work in the range of 1200-1300r / m 2;
2. siding trim - cost from 400r / m 2; with lining and waterproofing about 9000r / m 2; material cost - 120 - 500 rubles / sq.m;
3. brick finishing - the cost of work will be from 550r / m 2; material cost - from 1000 to 4000 rubles / sq.m;
4. stone or tile - cost from 1300 to 2200r / m 2; clinker tiles - 3300r / m 2; natural stone - 4400r / m 2; material cost - 1000 - 1200 rubles / sq.m;
5. plaster finish - cost from 500 to 1800 rubles / m 2; material cost - from 60 to 300 rubles / sq.m;
6. coloring - the cost of work from 150r / m 2.

Any of these methods needs preliminary preparation before the main surface work and has its own individual qualities. The main thing that needs to be highlighted, in addition to technological subtleties, is the type of material for cladding and the quality of the wall.

Ventilated façade system with natural stone tiling.

Ventilated facades

The design of the façade is simple: cladding material (aluminum sheets or tiles) and substructure. An air cushion is formed between them. In addition, a heat-insulating layer is often made between the facing surface and the wall, then the “cushion” is located between the thermal insulation and the lining.

Advantages of this cladding

• use in areas of increased seismic hazard;
• durability (from 20 to 50 years);
• the load-bearing wall does not need to be leveled beforehand;
• installation is fast, since the installation is all-weather due to the lack of "wet" work;
• economy on heating, as the thermal insulation of this method is effective;
• noise insulation increased several times;
• resistance to adverse weather events.

Ventilated façade system with tiling.

The main part is considered to be a layer of insulation - it must be resistant to weathering, have high vapor permeability and withstand sudden temperature changes. The most suitable option for thermal insulation is based on stone wool. Slabs, which have a base of rocks of the basalt group, have dimensional stability, incombustibility, high thermal insulation and durability. The fastening of such facades takes place on a load-bearing wall, both made of concrete and brick. The underlayment structure consists of brackets mounted on a load-bearing wall and load-bearing profiles that are mounted in series on the brackets. With the help of fasteners, sheets for cladding are installed, and at the end the insulation is fixed with the help of profiles or dowels.

Ventilated hinged facades are not only visually attractive, but also functional. With the help of such facades, the general appearance of buildings in a certain architectural style is preserved or can be changed.

Severe climatic conditions are not afraid of ventilated facades, unlike other types of cladding, which have a short service life. Despite the cost of hinged systems, savings on heating allow you to recoup all costs. The big positive side of such a facade is the lack of need for repairs..

Finishing the facade of a private house with siding

PVC sheathing (vinyl analogue to wood) has been known to the world for no more than half a century, which was enough to evaluate its expediency, but wooden siding has been known for a long time.

PVC siding.

PVC siding

The advantages of this method are the following:

• The protective screen is formed thanks to vinyl siding. Since it is ventilated, there is no excess moisture and it is possible for the walls to "breathe";
• the screen is easy to clean;
• does not burn, but may melt. During melting, harmful compounds are released, which is why this method is considered environmentally hazardous;
• durable, so an old-style house can be easily modernized.

The manufacturer will already depend on the durability and ability not to fade in the sun.

Despite the cheapness of the vinyl sheathing itself, the auxiliary materials are expensive. After measuring the building and calculating the materials, one can only judge the final price of the siding. The most basic rule is the observance of technology during installation. In order for the facade not to have to be redone and not warped, it is necessary to calculate the expansion-compression of the PVC panel.

Metal siding with a coating that reproduces the texture of natural wood.

metal siding

It is the most resistant to mechanical influences, unpretentious and durable, fire resistant. Consists of galvanized steel and has a polymer coating.

A few drawbacks: in terms of texture and color scheme, the choice is small.

Metal siding conducts current (this is controlled by grounding), and this allows you to avoid the penetration of radio magnetic waves inside - a protective screen appears at the house, but mobile communication catches badly.

Wooden siding.

wood siding

The cost of the tree is not small, which increases the social status of the owner. The appearance of such a house is unsurpassed, although the durability is not at the highest level. Using new technologies, it is possible to create such wood that will last longer than usual. Wood treated under pressure (impregnation process) increases the density of wood, so resistance to adverse influences is increased.

Finishing the facade with brickwork.

Finishing the facade with brickwork

Often, brick cladding is already a pre-calculated version of the facade of a private house. Brick has always been considered the epitome of respectability.

If the building has already been built, for example, from wood, then when lining the facade with bricks, one should not forget about the ventilation system, since the wood can quickly deteriorate due to condensation.

Also, thermal insulation properties will not arise due to such a sheathing, if the gaps are not filled with liquid foam in a quality manner. The best option would be insulation with a basalt slab or mineral wool.

When making brickwork, one should not forget about the foundation with waterproofing.

Whatever the old wall is made of, it should be connected to the new masonry with flexible ties at the rate of about 7 pieces per m 2. The height of the duplicated masonry should be no more than 7m with a pediment (without - 5m). Otherwise, stability, as well as strength, will be weak.

Decorative elements, as well as a combination of brick color schemes, will look positively on a monotonous smooth wall.

Facade tiling.

Tiling the facade of a private house

Although the design is simple, the execution requires special scrupulousness and adherence to installation technology. Also, such a facade is quite expensive.

For the successful construction of a tile facade, it is necessary that the masonry walls sit down. Each type of tile has its own adhesive. Tiles can be clinker, ceramic, cement-sand based, artificial or natural stone. Facade tiles must be designed for outdoor work.

This type of cladding is done for a long time, because it is not only spectacular, but also able to turn a boring house into an architectural masterpiece.

Walls that have been insulated can only be clad in this way if the ventilated façade has been sheathed after with magnesite board or OSB. The thickness and method of fastening depends on the load. It is allowed to perform tiling of a ventilated brick facade.

Grouting should be considered if you have brick or chopped stone tiles. You need to leave gaps from 5 mm, and the color of the grout can decorate the cladding. Also, larger tile options are suitable for basement cladding than for walls. Thus, the house will look more stable and grander. And the upper edges must be protected with a cornice and a visor from moisture.

Cladding of ventilated facades with clinker tiles

Glaze Collection

"Snow Peak" "Coconut Grove" "Sea Foam"

"Sunset" "Morning Dew" "Basalt"

"Nut" "Granite" "Wet sand"

The Cherry Orchard Lunar Eclipse Savannah

"Rocky Coast" "Caramel" "Honey"

"Malachite" "Iceberg" "Wheat"

"White cloud"

Collection "Natura"

"Europe" "Africa" ​​"America"

"Asia"

Stucco home decoration.

The stucco facade is called "wet", as it includes wet work in the process. Plastering takes 2 to 4 weeks of work.

Mineral plaster.

mineral plaster

The most popular cladding due to its cheapness. Possesses weak plasticity and is short-lived. This does not apply to the minuses at all, since the price and environmental properties overlap the previous qualities. The walls are quite capable of "breathing", and the house can be ventilated in the usual way.

Mineral plaster is most often used for walls made of a material that "breathes" and is insulated with mineral wool or basalt slabs. Near a railway and a motorway, such a facade is inappropriate, because vibration can lead to destruction of the coating.

Operation on average about 10 years. It is undesirable to apply on newly built houses (except for frame ones), it is necessary to shrink the house.

Decorative silicate plaster.

silicate plaster

One of the best finishes for the facade of a private house. It is plastic, and also passes air, has antistatic properties, and therefore does not collect dust.

Considering the cost of the material, this is one of the most expensive "wet" linings. Installation work is also considered expensive. In operation, the facade of silicate plaster can serve 20-25 years.

Thin-layer acrylic plaster (fur coat type).

Acrylic plaster

Despite all its plasticity and moisture resistance, the protective film that forms on it does not allow the house to breathe. If the house is located near the railway and other places where there is strong vibration, then acrylic plaster is just right. Also, if the walls are insulated with foam glass or expanded polystyrene. It absorbs dust, so it is not used near highways. The house needs additional ventilation. Acrylic plaster is quite durable and its service life will be 15-20 years.

Silicone plaster.

silicone plaster

The most common "wet" cladding. It is elastic, "breathable", only it alone does not absorb chemicals and salts. If you follow the correct application technique, then the look, service life and strength will be good, even on the highway. Serves up to 25 years.

Calculation of the cost of the facade of a private house

• material for 1kg (if plaster) or 1 sq.m. (if brick, siding, block house, ceramic tile);
• insulation required for a specific area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe facade;