The main parts of the house power supply project. Power supply project for a private house

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PROJECT EXAMPLE

This project was developed on the basis of the assignment of the Reserve, design project, technical specifications for power supply and in accordance with the requirements of PZ ed.7, SP31-110-2003, G0ST-R-50571-94 and other regulatory documents in force on the territory of the Russian Federation

The technical solutions adopted in the working drawings comply with the requirements of environmental, sanitary and hygienic, fire safety and other standards in force on the territory of the Russian Federation, and ensure the safe operation of the facility for human life and health, subject to the measures provided for by the working drawings.

Power supply and distribution networks of power electrical equipment are designed with a 3x2.5 NYM cable (3x1.5 - lighting), flame retardant with low smoke and gas emission, power supply to devices that do not stop working In a fire (fire alarm, video surveillance) NYM-FRLS cable, fire resistant propagating combustion with low smoke and gas emission. The calculated cross-sections of wires and the rated currents of protection and switching devices are selected based on the installed power and operating modes of power receivers. A central switch is provided to turn off the lighting networks.

Chapter 1 . Sheets and general instructions

The main power receivers of the facility are:

. working and decorative lighting of zones;

. control panel for heating systems;

. shield of low-voltage systems

. boiler;

. television equipment (LCD panels, players, music centers, cinema);

. household loads.

The main light sources are halogen lamps built into the ceiling, chandeliers with incandescent lamps or compact fluorescent lamps and LED lighting (switched on via a transformer). Luminaires are provided in compliance with the requirements for the characteristics and purpose of the premises. Places of installation of fixtures Are carried out according to the design project. Distribution lighting networks are designed with a VVG NG LS cable with a section of 3x1.5, non-propagating combustion with low smoke and gas emission, in a sauna with an RKGM cable. Maintenance of the lighting installation is carried out from ladders and ladders (when the voltage is completely removed) by qualified electrical personnel.

Design company services, check the price for Builders, Architects, Designers - discounts and bonuses. Call!

Chapter 2 . Lighting control scheme from two, three places

Lighting control is carried out locally with switches. Switches should be single and double-pole, install switches in the premises from the door opening side. Additionally, lighting control of the hallway, stairs, living room and other rooms is provided by two-way pass-through switches from two or more places. Carry out the scheme of connections and connection of devices in accordance with this and the instructions of the manufacturer.

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Chapter 3 . Plans for the location of electrical lighting networks

In accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.05.06-85, the manager of these works is responsible for the correct organization and safety of work. Electrical and fire safety in a residential building is ensured by the following measures:

. application in concealed electrical wiring of double insulation and insulation with special properties (cables VVG NG LS, NYM-FRLS);

. use of protective shutdown devices;

. use of switchboard and wiring equipment and products with a high degree of protection IP44.65.

. implementation of protective grounding, potential equalization and lightning protection (if necessary).

The electrical equipment and materials used during installation must have a certificate of conformity with Russian standards.

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Chapter 4 . Outlet network layout plans

Installation of the distribution and group network should be carried out in accordance with the electrical circuit diagram and wiring plans in compliance with the requirements of PZ and SNiP -III-93.

Ways of laying distribution and group networks:

. In a flexible corrugated pipe fastened to structures (see BLS, clause 7.1.32) behind a false ceiling;

. Hidden in the walls of the walls with subsequent plastering;

. In reinforced PVC hoses intended for laying in the floor screed, in the floor.

The applied wires (cables) must have an insulation of at least 0.4 kV. Core insulation color according to GOST R 50462 "Identification of conductors by colors or numerical designations":

. zero working conductor - blue;

. protective (PE) conductor - a two-color combination of green-yellow;

. phase wires - black, red, purple, gray, orange, turquoise.

Wires and cables must be marked, the brand, voltage, section, number or name of the lines must be indicated on the tags at the beginning and end of the lines.

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Chapter 5 . Power grid layout plans

Arrange the fixtures according to the plans. Install switches/switches and sockets at the Height specified in the design project.

. Mount lamps and sockets in bathrooms and toilets in the 3rd zone in accordance with GOST R 50571.11-96 at a distance of at least 0.6 m from bathtubs, sinks and washbasins.

. The sockets must have a degree of protection of at least IP44.

. The electrical equipment installed by the Customer in these premises must comply with the requirements of PZ, p.p. 7.1.47-48. 7.5

. When finishing balconies, use non-conductive materials.

. Extension of the input cable is prohibited.

. Before cutting, check all cable lengths locally.

. Provide free access to the shield at least 0.8 m.

. Install the shield available for inspection and maintenance. Installation of a shield in storage cabinets is prohibited.

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Chapter 6 . Plans for the location of low-voltage networks

. The connection and branching of cables should be made in junction and junction boxes, inside the housings of electrical installation products, descents to sockets, ascents to lamps, switches, performed with the same cable that is laid hidden in the strobes.

. Switching, branching and termination of cable cores should be carried out using Wogo and Legrand terminal blocks, crimping, welding, soldering.

. Connection points and cable branches must be accessible for inspection and repair.

. The supply of cable for connection should allow for convenient maintenance and reconnection.

The development of energy balances is the main method for planning the energy supply of chemical enterprises. Their main purpose is to establish the required sizes and ratios in the consumption, production and receipt of various types of energy and fuel, to take into account the relationship between the energy of an enterprise with its production and the energy of the region, to reflect the internal relationships between parts of the energy sector, to determine the directions of development and rationalization of the latter in the planning period.

Organization and planning of energy supply.

Planning and analysis of energy supply. A prerequisite for proper energy supply planning is the preparation of a fuel and energy balance that determines the enterprise's need for energy resources and the sources of its coverage. The development of energy balances is the main method for planning energy supply and analyzing the use of energy resources. Energy balances establish the required amounts of consumption, production and receipt of various types of energy resources.

FACTORY ENERGY PLANNING

The greatest difficulties arise in the management of energy facilities at mechanical engineering and metalworking enterprises, especially with small-scale and single-piece production. At such enterprises, the range of products is systematically changed, which leads to the development of new technology, a change in the operating modes of equipment, changes in the organization of production, etc. This complicates the solution of such problems as organizing energy management, specialization of energy departments, regulation of energy consumption, planning of energy supply and etc.

The development of energy balances is the main method for planning energy supply and analyzing energy use in industrial enterprises. In the course of compiling, analyzing energy balances and optimizing their structure, all the main tasks of accounting and planning the functioning, development and technical re-equipment of the energy sector, namely, control of energy use and costing of products, assessment of the achieved level of energy use and determination of reserves for its increase, determination of optimal directions, methods and sizes use of primary, converted and secondary energy resources transfer of processes to rational types and parameters of energy carriers substantiation of the directions of technical re-equipment of the energy supply system and schemes for the use of energy resources feasibility study of energy resource consumption norms.

The planning methodology for covering the needs of a chemical enterprise in various types of energy and energy carriers is based on its energy supply scheme. In the case of covering part of this need from independent energy sources, calculations are carried out separately for each type of energy and energy carriers without interconnecting the operating modes of the units of various power plants. In the presence of complex energy supply schemes and combined energy production, it is necessary to coordinate the operation modes of individual elements of the energy supply system in daily and quarterly (annual) sections. In that

One of the most relevant and common tasks in the development of district planning projects, design, planning and forecasting of rural energy supply is the task of optimizing the fuel and energy supply of rural areas, in particular, to meet thermal needs, including the selection of optimal energy carriers in directions (thermal processes) and areas of use , as well as their distribution schemes.

ENERGY PLANNING. POWER SUPPLY SCHEME

Goals should be focused on what matters most. The most important goal of an energy enterprise is the reliability of energy supply. If there are failures in the implementation of this goal, look for bottlenecks. They must be clearly defined and named. Fuel supply personnel order work planning equipment wear and tear

Until the 1980s, American electric power companies used optimization models in planning, in which the growth of electrical loads, the technical, economic and cost characteristics of energy supply sources were considered as deterministic parameters. This approach did not contribute to understanding the impact of uncertainty and risk.

Problems with the traditional planning approach began to arise in the 1970s when electrical loads first peaked and then began to decline. As a result of the slowdown in demand growth, many large long-term plants have become obsolete. This led to a significant increase in tariffs, which included the corresponding investment costs. Electricity consumers and environmental social movements, through their active actions, have forced energy companies to consider energy efficiency issues from the consumer's point of view. Of no small importance was the competitive pressure from large consumers who, in this situation, refuse the services of energy companies and construct energy supplies.

A progressive and completely new type of planning for domestic energy companies is the method of integrated energy resource planning (IPR), which includes a comprehensive assessment of the expected demand for energy, energy saving potential, specific energy carriers involved in the fuel balance of the region, and the impact of energy facilities on the environment. The IPR system is based on an integrated approach to realizing the energy saving potential both in the electric power industry and in the field of final energy consumption. The IPR method allows taking into account and balancing the interests of all participants in the energy supply process of the energy company, consumers, and the region as a whole.

The intersection of functions and areas of management indicates the elementary functions of the system, for example, regulation of energy consumption, long-term planning of energy production and consumption modes, operational control and regulation of energy supply reliability, statistical accounting and analysis of losses in power plants and networks, etc.

The most important technological feature of energy production is the practical impossibility of working in a warehouse. At any given moment in time, the production of electricity must strictly correspond to the volume of its consumption. Various important consequences for the economy, organization, and planning of energy production are associated with this. One of them is that in order to maintain a constant correspondence between energy consumption and its production, to ensure uninterrupted power supply to consumers in the electric power industry, reserve production capacities are needed (unlike other industries where reservation is carried out by stocks of finished products).

In structural tasks, the desired is an economically optimal development option (within a certain settlement period) of a certain system of power plants and transport and power facilities interconnected in operation. These include the tasks of long-term planning and selection of the optimal structure of generating capacities in energy systems (selection of the type, capacity and number of units of various types in developing energy systems), optimal power supply schemes for cities, industrial hubs and individual industrial enterprises (see Chapters 10, 11) and etc.

The indicators that serve as the basis for planning energy supply and evaluating the work of energy personnel include the norms of total energy consumption per unit of production (workshop, plant) and the cost of energy production or the price of its acquisition.

As well as when calculating the consumption of heat and gas for cooking, technological needs of utilities and hot water supply, the need for useful heat for heating and ventilation needs of the urban (settlement) economy for

If you are a happy owner of a private house in which there is no light yet, then the question arises of how to bring electricity to the building without violating any instructions, and do it with minimal time and money.

Stages of connecting a private house to the power supply

Power supply of a private and any other object is the inclusion of an object in the network of consumers of electrical energy. It is connected to the point of its distribution. If you decide to become a consumer, for this you need to:

• conclude an agreement with an electricity supplier (PES);
• get technical conditions (TU);
• complete project documentation;
• perform construction and installation works;
• issue a permit for the operation of the facility with the supplier of electrical energy.

Agreement with (PES)

The list of documents required for concluding a contract for the supply of electricity in a new edition in accordance with the "Rules for the use of electrical energy"

To conclude an agreement, you must:

1. Application for Deputy PES director regarding the conclusion of the relevant agreement indicating the location, F.I.O. the applicant.
2. A copy of the document that determines the ownership of the object or land.
3. Obtain technical specifications from PES. A sample of technical conditions is presented in the APPENDIX Fig.3 Fig.4.
4. Implement the project "Power supply of a private house" in the design organization and coordinate it with the PES. A sample project is presented in the APPENDIX Fig.1, Fig.2.
5. Provide acts of delimitation of balance sheet ownership and operational responsibility of the parties made in the project "Power supply of a private house".
6. Provide a single-line power supply scheme, made in the project "Power supply of a private house". An example of a circuit can be seen in the APPENDIX Fig.5.
7. Provide information regarding metering devices (type of electricity meter, its class, electrical connection diagram, installation location, anti-vandal protection).
8. Provide information about electrical installations for the needs of heating, hot water supply, permission to use them (up to 15 kW of thermal power is issued by PES Energosbyt, over 15 kW of thermal power is issued by Oblenergo) or a certificate of their absence.
9. Protocols for testing grounding and insulation of electrical wiring.
10. Application for Deputy chief of those acceptance and sealing of the counter.
11. Receipt for those acceptance and sealing.
12. The electricity supplier is PES (electrical grid company). PES is a legal entity that represents the owner of generating energy sources and (or) the electrical network. On a contractual basis, PES provides consumers with electricity.

Note: If a house is being built on a site where electricity has already been supplied and where an electric meter has already been installed, then you contact the PES to increase the declared capacity, if, according to your calculations, the supplied electric power is not enough.

If you are going to build a house on a site where electricity was not previously supplied, then you need to start working with PES from the moment you receive the architectural and construction plan. It is necessary to obtain permission to connect powerful consumers (welding machine, machine tools, etc.) required during construction, and then request an increase in power, if necessary. This way we will avoid penalties for TPPs at the construction stage.

The power supply of a private house is carried out on the basis of technical specifications, (TU), an electrical energy supplier that supplies electricity to the area where our private facility is being built, or TU PES, energy that is profitable for us to use.

Issuance of technical specifications

Specifications are issued on the basis of your application to the PES based on the power requested by us to consumers (kW) and voltage level (kV).

The application must indicate:

• the name of the private property;
• physical adress;
• voltage value (0.23; 0.38), kV;
• type of supply voltage (single-phase, three-phase);
• the use of electricity in heating systems and water heating is mandatory.

The power consumption for the construction period is obtained based on the total electrical power of the equipment used in construction; for a permanent period we receive on the basis of the project "Electrical equipment and lighting of the house", made taking into account the architectural, construction and design projects.

We obtain the necessary voltage from the technical characteristics of the electrical equipment used at your construction site and in everyday life and included in the project "Electrical Equipment and Lighting at Home".

The type of input is determined by the voltage that our electrical equipment needs, incorporated in the project "Electrical equipment and lighting at home": we select a three-phase input if we have electrical receivers for a voltage of 380 V, if we have electrical receivers for a voltage of 220 V, but the total electrical power is large, then it is expedient for us to distribute it by phases. In other cases, we select the input for 220 V.

In the application, it is necessary to indicate whether we are going to use electricity for heating the house and for heating water.

Note 1: The application must be accompanied by a copy of the decision of the local authorities to build a house, a copy of the general plan for allocating a land plot for development, agreed with the architectural and planning service of the district or city level, or a copy of a building passport, and for a privatized site - a copy of the state act or certificate of ownership.

Note 2: You can get TU without the project “Electrical equipment and lighting at home”, if you yourself calculate the power of equipment and lighting.

You can preliminarily perform the calculation of the power that we are going to indicate in the application yourself.

We will draw up a statement (list) of all electrical equipment that we are going to install in the house and outbuildings adjacent to it (electric oven, washing machine, air conditioners, electric water heaters, electric motors, machine tools used in everyday life, etc.) at this stage and with the prospect of the future, indicating the power and voltage that we read in the passport. This statement will be useful to you in the future, when implementing a project for electrical equipment, lighting and power supply. It should reflect all consumers of electricity. It is at this stage that it is necessary to consider which electrical systems will be installed in the house. Such systems should include:

• indoor and outdoor lighting of the house and surrounding area,
• air conditioning system,
• artificial supply and exhaust ventilation system,
• electric heating systems,
• "warm floors"
• installation of an automatic control system for gates, barriers.

We may need:

• fire alarm systems,
• video surveillance,
• communications (Internet, mini-ATS),
• automatic gas and water control systems.

Everything should be listed. At this stage, there should be no trifles and miscalculations too. You can take the design project of the object for help. The largest consumers of electricity are electric heating and hot water supply. Against their background, the number of light bulbs, TVs, computers, phones is not noticeable.

Here the criterion is the value of the declared power of 10 kW 220 V.

Coordination of power more than 10 kW requires much more effort and money. Therefore, if the power does not exceed 10 kW, then it is preferable to declare it to the maximum. If you have a power of, say, 9.8 kW, then it is not economically justified to declare more than 10 kW.

Note: In the APPENDIX Fig.3 and Fig.4 it is clearly seen: the technical conditions are issued for one object but different capacities are indicated and what follows from this requirement of the PES to the customer.

We single out consumers for a voltage of 380 V (for example, machine tools, water heaters, water pumps), summing up their powers, we get the power of power equipment P380. We perform the same procedure with consumers for a voltage of 220 V and get P220.

You can also calculate the power required for indoor and outdoor lighting by yourself up to one watt, and I advise you to do it yourself! Use the Dialux program. It can be omitted if all rooms are of standard size and do not have special requirements for them, and the issue is resolved with a standard chandelier and local lamps on the walls, and if your room is classified as "special".

Note: DIALux is a program for calculating and designing lighting. It was developed by the German Institute of Applied Lighting Technology. The program is provided free of charge and uses the data of lighting devices of various manufacturers, which are included in the database of fixtures, in a format supported by the Dialux program. Working with the program is intuitively simple and will not cause serious difficulties in work, so try to understand it in order to save on lighting design. Work with the program begins with drawing a floor plan. Then, selecting the required lamps from the database and placing them in different places, they check the level of illumination of the room, achieving the desired result. Normalized illumination in living rooms and kitchens is 200 lux, on the street 30 lux, in utility rooms 75-100 lux.

We add the number, types and power of lamps to the list, summarize and get the lighting power Rosv220. Our lighting is designed for 220 V.

The preliminary installed power was drawn:

at a voltage of 380 V P \u003d (P220 + Rosv220) / 3 + P380;

at a voltage of 220 V P = P220 + Rosv220.

Note: The average private consumer is designed for a power of 5 kW 220 V. This means that the consumers of electricity in such a house are lighting, a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, a SV-oven, and all in one copy. If there are some other consumers, then 5 kW is indispensable!

The application has been drawn up, the attached documents are ready, and with a clear conscience we are going to the PES to receive the technical specifications.

Development of project documentation

The calculation of the power consumption accurately and reasonably already at the first stage can be performed by the designer in the project "Electrical equipment and lighting of a private house". Moreover, you will still need to complete such a project after receiving the technical specifications.

In this case, we need to take a list of our electrical equipment, finally agreed on the architectural and construction plans of the house by floors with explications of the premises and look for a designer who will perform this calculation for us.

The designer will charge $150-200 depending on the area of ​​the building.

Note: Unreasonably high power can lead to significant costs. Again I propose to pay attention to the APPENDIX Fig.4 and Fig. 5

After receiving an application from the consumer, the PES issues technical conditions within two weeks, in which it indicates:

• tie-in place in the general electrical network;
• voltage, kV;
• coordinated load of the connected object of private property, kW;
• requirements for the input device, automation, isolation and overvoltage protection;
• requirements for the electricity meter;
• the need to obtain permission from the State Energy Supervision Authority for the use of electricity for heating and hot water supply;
• the period of validity of these technical conditions;
• obligatory coordination of the power supply project with the PES and the local authority of the State Energy Supervision Authority;
• data on the future development of the network;
• recommendations on attracting a design organization and applying standard projects;
• recommendations for the organization of operation of the electrical installation.

Again I propose to pay attention to the APPENDIX Fig.3 and Fig.4.

At the same time, the PES that issued the technical specifications is responsible for their sufficiency in ensuring the possibility of safe operation of the electrical installation of a private property connected to its networks.

We are starting to implement the project "Electrical equipment, lighting and power supply of a private house". Without the involvement of specialists, it will be quite difficult to carry out and coordinate the external power supply of the house, but knowing what should be in the project, what is attached to the contract, what the homeowner faces, will help to avoid many pitfalls.

Now you can return to our designer again, or contact the design organization using the recommendation of the PES, or start looking for a design organization on your own to conclude an agreement for the implementation of the project "Electrical equipment, lighting and power supply" of your private building on the basis of technical specifications.

The qualities of the projects of the designer and the design organizations will be equivalent, but the designer's project will cost less: $ 300-400. A good option is to use the services of a design organization recommended by the PES - there will be no delays and claims when agreeing on a project!

The best option for the implementation of the project is to conclude an agreement with a design company that will perform not only the project, but in the future construction and installation work on this project.

Note: Before concluding a contract for the implementation of the project "Electrical Equipment, Lighting and Power Supply", you need to make sure that you have permission to perform design, construction and installation work. Such a permit is a license of the Ministry of Construction, Architecture and Housing and Communal Services of the country with a list of types of work permitted by this license. The license is issued on official paper, which indicates its number, series, validity period, legal entity to which it was issued, and is certified by the official seal of the head of the State Architectural and Construction Inspectorate.

In the contract with the designer, we stipulate all the issues that the design solutions should have, and which we must submit for approval to the PES, namely:

If the total installed power is higher than 10 kW, then the following documents should be included in the power supply project

• calculation of installed capacities of electrical equipment and lighting;
• diagram of input switchgears;
• calculation of settings for fuses and circuit breakers;
• calculation of the introductory residual current device (RCD);
• installation of an electricity meter;
• scheme of internal wiring, where it is necessary to indicate the types of wires and options for their laying;
• scheme of external power supply made on the basis of the master plan;
• scheme of internal power supply;
• balance of property delimitation;
• provide a grounding or grounding scheme;
• if necessary, explanations, instructions, notes are given.

If the resulting total installed power is less than 10 kW, then it is possible to execute a project drawing, where it is necessary to reflect:

• an external power supply scheme, made on a situational plan (general plan) and an internal power supply scheme where the types of protective devices with calculation and settings should be indicated. Here they also indicate the cross-section and brands of wires, calculate the currents, place the installation of electricity metering devices, places of connection to the supply network;
• a situational plan indicating the location of electrical equipment, the place for laying cables and wires, indicating the places for connecting grounding and neutral conductors;
• a separate document is the balance of property delimitation, where networks belonging to different owners are highlighted in different colors;
• the specification of electrical equipment, products and materials must be provided, which indicates the quantity, type and supplier of this equipment and materials;
• if necessary, explanations, instructions, notes are given, see Fig.2;
• the power supply project (draft design) must be agreed with the power supply organization that issued the technical specifications and the local authority of the State Energy Supervision Authority. Coordination is preferably carried out by the designer, and the customer controls the timing of the project and approval by the designer. Coordination paid 10-20$.

All design decisions must comply with:

1. DBN V.2.5-23-2003 "Design of electrical equipment for civilian facilities";
2. SNiP 2.08.01-89 "Residential buildings";
3. DNAOP 0.00-1.32-01 Rules for the installation of electrical installations. Electrical equipment of special installations”;
4. DBN V2.5-28-2006 "Natural and artificial lighting"
5. SNiP 21-01-97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures"
6. RD 34.21.122-87 "Instruction for lightning protection of buildings and structures"
7. PUE Rules for the installation of electrical installations: chapters 1.7, 3.1; sections 2, 6, 7.

Links to these documents must be in the project provided by the designer. In Fig.1 you can see an example.

A few important points to consider during the design process:

• The project must necessarily provide for the separation of power circuits and lighting networks. This is necessary in order to correctly select the types and brands of cables. For power networks, the cable is selected with a large cross section. You can check the correct choice of cable based on the expected loads. Now aluminum wires are practically not used for electrical wiring, although they are cheaper than copper wires, they serve less and are very impractical in operation.
• Pay special attention to checking the types of wires and cables laid in rooms with high humidity. These are baths, saunas, bathrooms. The insulation of these cables and wires must comply with the requirements of 413.2 GOST 30331.3 - the use of class II equipment or equivalent insulation. This protective measure is used to prevent the appearance of dangerous voltage on parts of electrical equipment accessible to touch during insulation breakdown.
• When concluding an agreement with the design organization, enter the item “Coordination of the project by the design organization itself and issuing the finished project to you with approval”, but at the same time we must remember that the responsibility for the technical condition and safe operation of the wiring and electrical appliances of our house rests with you and me - the owner Houses.

According to the technical specifications, the project completed by the designers must be coordinated with the PES that issued the technical specifications and the local authority of the State Energy Supervision Authority.

We carry the completed project with technical specifications to the PES. Having received a receipt for payment and paid for approval, we will try to use our personal merits to shorten the waiting period for approval! The term for approval is usually indicated by the PES right away - this is usually two weeks, but not more than a month, depending on the complexity of the specifications, but if all the points of the specifications are met, then you should not worry - the documents can only be returned back with approval.

Attention: This article presents prices for 2009. Be careful.

APPENDIX

Figure 1. A sample project for the power supply of a private house

Figure 2. A sample project for the power supply of a private house

Figure 3. Specifications for a power of 4 kW

Figure 4. Specifications for 48 kW power

Figure 5. Single-line diagram of power supply to the act of balance sheet ownership

Connecting a private house to external power networks provides for a number of activities. Without them, the connection is either impossible, or it will not be secure enough, or it will cost you a pretty penny. We already talk about the main points of the initial stage, and in this article we give recommendations on what (and in what cases) should be done after the owner receives the technical specifications for connecting the house to the mains.

When and why is the project necessary?

You can organize the power supply (ES) of a private house in different ways: according to the project or without it, on your own or by hired forces - it all depends on the building situation, the purpose and complexity of the object and, mainly, on the desire and degree of responsibility of the owner. In some cases, the project is necessary, in a number - you can do without it.

For country houses and individual boxes of cooperative garages obtaining a "personal" technical specification is not required - it is provided for in the technical specifications for the power supply of the entire cooperative. It is only necessary to agree with his leadership which of the phase wires of the overhead line (overhead line) should be connected to balance the total loads by phases.

In the considered options, the installation of the supply single-phase line(power transmission lines (power lines) and wiring inside the house can be done by yourself (unless, of course, you have at least a minimum of technical knowledge), or with the involvement of a professional electrician. In this case, the installation scheme still needs to be thought out and sketched out on paper.

Visual diagram of the power supply of a residential building

If we are talking about connecting a country house or garage to three-phase current(3 phases + "zero") - you will have to obtain permission from the local power supply organization (usually this is a RES, a district power grid). In any case: whether such a connection is made according to the project or without it, after the completion of the installation work, the RES will check the fulfillment of all conditions, as well as the compliance of the parameters of devices, devices, their connection and grounding schemes, wiring sections, etc. "Rules for the installation of electrical installations" (PUE). And only after that will issue a permit for the operation of the home electrical network.

In all other cases: for residential houses of manor type, cottages, block (interconnected) single-family houses, built on an individual basis, power supply project is needed the following reasons:

• without its coordination with the RES and other interested organizations, it is impossible to obtain a permit for construction and installation works (CEW) to connect the facility to the public power grid (except for cases of cooperative liability);
• to calculate the loads on the connected networks from the designed electrical receivers;
• to determine the parameters of devices for protecting networks from overloads;
• determining the scope and cost of construction and installation works.

What should be the project?

In Belarus, the composition of the project documentation (PD) for the ES of a private residential facility is determined by building complexity class buildings and structures, determined according to STB 2331 “Buildings and structures. Classification. Basic Provisions".

The lowest in complexity is the 5th class (K-5), under which, according to clause 5.5 of STB 2331-2015, fall:

- single-family, as well as blocked, consisting of two apartments, residential buildings up to 7 m high;

- garden houses, outbuildings in household, garden and summer cottages;

- temporary power supply and communication lines, including power lines, communication and outdoor lighting towers;

- internal and on-site engineering networks related to residential buildings and outbuildings of this complexity class (note 1 to clause 5.5).

If your building is on this list, then:

• to you a simplified PD will be enough for buildings and structures under construction, including projects of engineering communications related to them (in this case, the ES project);
• to you it is not necessary to carry out a building examination project for compliance with SNIP and the Technical Safety Regulations (TR 2009/013/BY) .

The composition and scope of design documentation for the power supply of buildings and structures of class K-5 is recommended in Appendix "E" to the TCP 45-1.02-295-2014 "Construction. Project documentation. Composition and content.

An example of the specification of electrical equipment, materials and products

In cases where a power line (power line) connected to the ES at home crosses utilities or roads- it will be necessary to develop a "General plan with external networks of 0.4 kV" (as this drawing is usually called by designers). This document is subject to agreement with the RES and other interested organizations.

Notice to the customer. The master plan must be made on a large-scale basis - as a rule, on a topographic survey at a scale of 1:500.

In addition to the master plan, project documentation containing:

• connection diagram of the designed power transmission line to the external public network;
• technical characteristics of the device for automatically disconnecting the object from the external (supply) network when the permissible design loads and short-circuit currents are exceeded;
• type and characteristics of the device for metering the consumption of electricity consumed.

One of the types of residual current device (RCD)

To the attention of the customer. Coordination of the project with interested organizations is the responsibility of the designer with the possible (if circumstances so require) participation of the customer. If approval is a paid service provided by the approval organization or its representative, then the customer pays

How to optimize a project?

The first step in ordering an ES project is the choice of a designer, depending on the cost of design work declared by him, and subject to a guarantee of their high-quality implementation.

Advice: It is better to entrust complex ES projects to a specialized private design organization or an individual entrepreneur, provided that they have a license for the design of electrical installations (state design organizations are unlikely to take on such a “trifle”, and if they do, the cost of the project will be greater than that of “private traders” "). The best option is to order a project from an organization that performs turnkey ES (design and construction): the cost of the project in this case will be insignificant or will not be taken into account at all.

An example of a combined set of working drawings for the internal power supply of a private residential building

The most difficult and labor intensive(and, therefore, expensive) for design are cases when:

• according to the specifications of the energy supplying organization, to connect the facility, it is required to build a separate overhead or cable power transmission line passing through a built-up urban area with the intersection of utilities and public roads;
• heating, hot water supply, cooking and heating of food is provided exclusively by means of electricity;
• in addition to a residential building, it is necessary to have ES of detached or interlocked auxiliary and utility buildings and structures with significant loads;
• a project of an individual step-down substation is needed (for more details - read).

Basic rules for project optimization:

1. Carry out a house power supply project simultaneously with the development of architectural, construction and other sections (heating, water supply and sewerage, etc.). Then the designers of adjacent sections will be able to coordinate decisions among themselves and, if necessary, correct them.
2. Do not trust the designer with the choice of design solutions for the development of ES! Your participation should consist in a well-thought-out design task and control of the project implementation in strict accordance with it.
3. The design task must be carefully considered even before receiving the technical specifications. Namely:
   • Determine the total power of portable and stationary electrical receivers (taking into account the prospects for connecting additional equipment);
   • Select the phase of the designed connection and input: one- or three-phase. The option with a three-phase connection will entail additional difficulties (see above);
   • Give instructions (if necessary):

3.3.1. By breaking down the objects of the site according to the stages of construction (with the corresponding order of design of the power plant);

3.3.2. At the place of installation of the input (input-distribution) device - outside or inside a residential building;

3.3.3. At the place of installation of sockets for powering electrical receivers with a voltage of 380 V;

3.3.4. On the installation in the circuits of the internal ES of devices for automatic protective shutdown (RCD) of stationary electrical receivers;

3.3.5. On the minimum required composition of the ES project (taking into account the above comments).