Powerful do-it-yourself wind blower. Homemade wind generator for home and garden: principles of operation, schemes, what and how to do

Content:

It's no secret that the cost of public services in our country is constantly growing, although there seems to be no prerequisites for this. Well, along with this, the number of consumers who are trying to somehow reduce this column of expenses is increasing. Someone saves water, someone - gas, but still, alternative light sources, such as a solar battery or an electric generator that uses wind to work, are of the greatest interest.

Of course, savings in such cases are felt, but the main problem lies in the fact that such installations are not cheap, and in order to feel real savings, more than one year must pass. After all, the installation should pay for itself first.

It was because of the high cost that questions began to arise about how to make a wind generator with your own hands. After all, such installations were invented and created by a person, which means that at home it becomes possible to recreate it. And therefore, let's try to understand how realistic it is to make a generator for a windmill with our own hands from improvised means, whether any additional equipment is needed for its smooth operation, and how much energy savings are possible when using such a device for a house, apartment or cottage.

Possible restrictions

The main thing when installing a wind generator is, of course, the attempts of our state to get any profit even in this area. In order not to certify a do-it-yourself installation, i.e. not to pay separate taxes, it is worth collecting a low-power wind generator that produces no more than 5 kW. Although at home it is rather problematic to make a home-made device of greater power.

You should also clarify the availability of regulations and documents on the height of buildings in the installation area, so as not to exceed it for the best wind.

It is also worth remembering about the neighbors - they can be disturbed by the noise that the blades make and the gearbox that home-made wind generators are equipped with. Of course, such installations make little noise, but no one has yet canceled envy, and in case of complaints, fines are possible, as well as a decision on dismantling. The advantage here is the version in the factory version, because. it is low-noise, but due to its high cost, such a device is not considered now.

Also, do not forget about protection against radio interference - when making a windmill yourself, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a filter. Well, when purchasing such a device - clarify its presence in the circuit.

Wind generator device

Regardless of the type of such a 220-volt do-it-yourself device, its constituent parts will be the same. Any wind generators consist of a device that directly generates electricity, blades, a battery, a mast and an electronic unit - an inverter.

In any case, the first thing that begins with the manufacture of such a device is the choice of type, electrical circuit and design of the appearance. By type, wind turbines are divided into sail and bladed, or horizontal and vertical. For mid-latitudes, where there are no sharp gusts of wind, as well as in installations with a power of up to 5 kW, such a wind generator as a “sailboat” will be the best option, and therefore we will try to understand it in more detail.

The very essence of the operation of such devices is as follows: the blades, rotating with the help of wind power, transmit torque directly or through a gearbox to the generator rotor, as a result of which electricity is generated, which enters the battery through the electronic unit. The battery stores energy and can later be used for household needs.

Let's try to figure out what types of wind turbines can be made at home and what is needed for this.

Rotary installation

Such a do-it-yourself wind generator is capable of generating enough electricity to light a small garden house, outbuildings, as well as several lanterns in the yard. Such windmills are made from a car generator or starter, and therefore, in order not to purchase expensive equipment for its manufacture, we will consider a device that will generate up to one and a half kilowatts. To do this, you will need the following materials:

• 12 volt car generator;
• helium or acid battery (you also need a 12-volt one);
• sealed switch;
• voltage converter from 12 to 220 V and 700–1500 watts;
• large capacity stainless steel or aluminum blades. A plastic pipe with a diameter of 20–25 cm may also be suitable;
• battery charging relay with voltmeter;
• fasteners, i.e. bolts and nuts;
• wires having a cross section of 4 and 2.5 square meters. mm;
• two clamps for mounting on the mast of the device;
• a metal pipe of sufficient length to be used as a mast;
• and, of course, various tools: metal scissors, grinders, keys, screwdrivers and drills with a set of drills.

Manufacturing algorithm

The first step is to make the fan blades of the future wind generator for a private house with your own hands. An old large aluminum pan works well for this, but options are possible here. It is necessary to mark with a pencil, and then cut the container along the marked lines with a grinder or metal scissors, leaving small sections uncut from above and below, i.e. as shown in the figure. The blades should turn out the same, and their number depends only on the preferences of the master.

The cut blades are bent in the right direction. It must be remembered that the direction of rotation depends on the direction in which the blades are turned, and the speed at which the screw will rotate the generator depends on the angle of their rotation and size. It is more convenient to cut them with a grinder, but if the metal is thin, metal scissors are quite suitable.

The situation is a little more complicated with a plastic pipe. It must be divided lengthwise into four parts, after which, for each of the semicircular segments, make “plugs from above and below, and then arrange them into one screw to get a semblance of the first option.

Then, using a drill, mounting holes are made in the generator shaft and the finished propeller, after which the blades are fixed to the rotor shaft with bolts. You can do similar work with the help of a gearbox, increasing the speed of rotation of the generator - this is already at the discretion of the master himself.

After the work done, it remains only to fix the wind generator with clamps on the mast and stretch the wires along it.

Assembly of equipment on the ground

Because the optimal length of the wind farm mast is 5–13 meters, its base must be poured with concrete for good stability. It also makes sense to think about options for how to lower the wind generator for the house down or get to it in the event of a breakdown.

The wires coming from the wind generator itself are connected through the charging relay to the battery. Next in the circuit is a converter, from which a voltage of 220 volts will already be supplied to the switchboard.

All equipment must be protected from atmospheric precipitation and direct access of children. The switch is installed on the mast, at an accessible height, and breaks the positive wire from the wind generator to the charging relay. Thus, in case of uselessness or weak wind, the load can be removed by allowing the blades to rotate “idle”.

It is very important to disconnect the load when the wind is too strong, which can damage both the generator itself and the battery charging relay.

But there is a more powerful option for making a wind generator with your own hands at home. Of course, it is a little more complicated, but, nevertheless, following the rules and procedures, it is quite possible to make such a device.

Axial wind generator

Such a device (one might even say - a do-it-yourself wind farm) is made on the basis of neodymium magnets that have recently appeared on our market. It is due to them that a higher power of the generator is achieved. If you take a similar installation on ordinary, ferrite magnets, then you will not be able to get more than one and a half kilowatts from it. Some time ago, when neodymium elements just appeared on the shelves, their price was quite high, but now there is a decrease in cost, and therefore such magnets have become more affordable.

So, in order to make an axial wind generator for your home with your own hands, you will need a hub with a brake disc from a car. Moreover, its wear is not important here, and therefore such a part can always be found in any car service. It will need to be thoroughly cleaned, lubricated bearings, in general, brought into good working condition. The optimal number of magnets will be 20 pieces, with dimensions of 25 x 8 mm. They will be glued to the inside of the brake disc.

Having marked the disk into sectors, you should glue the magnets, alternating their poles - this is very important. For a stronger connection, the use of epoxy glue is recommended. Well, after the glue has dried, all the magnets are poured with the same epoxy resin, and so that the glue does not drain, you can make a small rim around the circle of the plasticine disk.

Coil winding

It is well known that before you start winding, you need to calculate the required number of turns of the coil. Based on the fact that the wind generator must operate at low speed, it is necessary to charge the battery already at 100-150 rpm. Therefore, the total number of turns in all winding coils should be 1200–1500, more is useless. Well, it is very simple to calculate the number of turns of one coil. With 20 coils and a total of 1400 turns, one should have 70 turns.

The more coils, the more power can be achieved at low speeds. At the same time, the larger the cross section of the wire during winding, the lower the resistance, and hence the greater the current strength.

Of course, the best option would be to use a special machine for winding coils, but if it is not available, it is quite possible to do this work manually.

To check the output power, one winding is enough. When scrolling in the generator, it will already be possible to measure the parameters of the future device.

The stator itself can be made of plywood, reinforcing it, for reliability, with fiberglass and epoxy. But the connection of the coils is made according to one of two schemes, at the choice of the master. It can be either a "triangle" or a "star". Next, the coils are fixed, and the wires are brought out. To check the performance of a wind generator for a private house, scroll manually at a stable speed and take voltage readings from the output wires.

Mast and propeller

As for the mast, there are no differences from the manufacture of a rotary wind generator. The requirements for it are the same. But the propeller blades for such an installation are made differently. For this, a 16 mm PVC pipe is used. The shape of the blades is experimental, i.e. everyone determines the optimal one, as they say, by trial and error.

At the same time, the length of the blade on the windmill with your own hands must be at least a meter, in order to be able to scroll the generator, and it is also necessary to balance the finished screw to eliminate noise, beating and damage to the bearings during operation.

With a little thought, you can design the blades of a wind turbine so that in very strong winds they can be folded and then expanded. This will save the device from failure in case of storm warnings and sudden gusts.

Installation of equipment on the ground is carried out similarly to the previous version of the rotary wind generator.

Service

Of course, an air generator, like any other equipment, requires attention, periodic revisions and, of course, sometimes repairs. The main thing that needs to be constantly checked, cleaned and lubricated with a special graphite grease is the generator brushes, because. they tend to wear out during operation.

At the slightest suspicion of imbalance, vibration, loosening of screw fastenings and connections, the generator must be lowered to the ground and adjusted or repaired.

Approximately once every 2-3 years it is necessary to paint the device. And it is better if the paint is special, i.e. anti-corrosion. It is also necessary to regularly check the tension and fastening of the retaining cables.

Conclusion

Some may say that the price of electricity is not so high as to do such a job, making homemade windmills. In addition, also to the inverter, etc. will have to spend. But if you think about it, with a quality job done, there will be enough electricity not only for heating the house, but also for buildings, heating a barn with animals in winter. In general, with the right approach to the manufacture of such a homemade product, i.e. wind turbine, and electricity consumption, you can completely abandon paid electricity, and this is a good savings.

Alternative energy today is developing at a very fast pace. For example, a vertical-axis wind turbine is no longer a novelty. In the near future, renewable sources may significantly replace standard stations. They have a lot of benefits. For example, it is not difficult to make a vertical wind generator with your own hands, it is not very expensive. Moreover, for its production you can use improvised materials. As for the installation of such a unit, then you should already think about where to perform it. Perhaps, in your case, the installation of the structure will be impractical.

What is a product?

The presented design is a special generator for generating electrical energy by moving air flows (wind). In appearance, the device resembles an ordinary mill with blades and a high mast, at the base of which is the generator itself. Naturally, such an apparatus must not only be correctly designed, but also correctly equipped.

The movement of the "wings" is provided by the wind, so the energy source is renewable. The higher the mast, the more stable and higher the power generation will be. Naturally, the manufacture of such a device will require certain materials and devices for converting AC to DC. How can you make a vertical wind generator with your own hands, you will learn later. The main thing is to be patient and willing to work.

Scope of design

Basically, such a unit is installed during the construction of power plants. However, sometimes economical owners use it at home. You can use this device both in the city and in the countryside. In order to build a whole power plant, you need a fairly large area and a lot of windmills.

The energy generated in this way can be supplied to meet the needs of private consumers or industry. Naturally, in the latter case, it is necessary to consider the economic feasibility of using such a source of electricity.

Advantages of the device

Before you make a vertical wind generator with your own hands, you must definitely find out its advantages. Among them are the following:

Low operating costs, easy installation and maintenance. You can do all this yourself. You won't need a lot of time or money to do this.

You can design a vertical wind generator with your own hands.

Fast installation. The main thing is that the device is fixed firmly so that the force of the wind does not break it.

Safety for the environment, since the generation of such energy is not accompanied by harmful emissions and does not require the disposal of waste materials. Plus, the source is renewable, so you don't have to worry about running out of resources.

The possibility of using sufficiently large areas occupied by such a power plant for growing agricultural products.

Saving money. First, the cost of such electricity does not depend on the dollar exchange rate or market prices for standard fuel. Secondly, you do not need to extract and process raw materials. Thirdly, the structure is installed near the consumer, so there are no additional costs for the transportation of electricity. In addition, the wind does not need to be bought from other countries, which can drive up the price.

Device disadvantages

Before you make a wind generator, you must also consider all the disadvantages that accompany its use:

The considerable cost of the design, which was produced industrially. This disadvantage is easily eliminated, since you can build a mast and blades from improvised means. Naturally, the quality of the result in both cases may be different. Therefore, it is worth deciding whether you can design the unit yourself.

The low prevalence of products, which gives rise to a lot of speculation regarding their work and effectiveness.

The design emits a fairly high level of noise, and may also affect the quality of television or radio transmission. Much depends on how far from the house the windmill is located.

Wind is an unstable source of energy, as the weather can be calm. In this case, the generator will be simply useless.

The only negative impact on the environment is that birds can get caught in the blades and die.

In some cases, when installing a windmill, the aesthetic appearance of the landscape suffers, although this is not a problem for minimalists.

A large area is required to install the power plant.

Aggregate classification

Before you make a wind generator, you should understand how it happens. The following types of structures can be distinguished:

1. With cylindrical blades. Such a unit has a high torque, although it is quite large in size. The disadvantage of the device is considered not too good productivity. In addition, such a device is quite heavy.

2. Vertical-axial. They have a large number of blades that are vertical to the ground, while they are parallel to the mast. Such devices are productive and efficient, but they are quite expensive.

3. Helicoid rotary wind generator. Its feature is the shape of the blades: they are curved diagonally. As a result, they rotate evenly. The disadvantage of such an installation is its high cost, as well as strong noise. It is very difficult to build the blades of a vertical wind generator of this type on your own, since this requires special equipment.

4. Multi-bladed. They are quite efficient in generating energy, but are expensive. They have two rows of blades and an impressive size.

The wind generator, the photo of which you can see in the article, is a fairly good energy producer if you choose its design correctly.

Is it possible to make the device yourself?

Naturally, many craftsmen are interested in whether it is possible to build such a structure with their own hands. Of course you can. First you need to decide on the type of product, as well as the tools that you will use and the corresponding materials.

It should be noted that you can assemble a home-made vertical wind generator from what you have at hand. For example, an old gas cylinder or a metal barrel. And you also have the opportunity to use old steel sheets or even fabric. It all depends on what kind of device you want to build.

What materials are needed for work?

So, before you make a windmill with your own hands, consider the question of what you will build it from. You will need the following materials:

1. Sheets of plywood (its thickness depends on the height of the structure, as well as on the number of blades and can be 0.5-1 cm). It is from this material that the part of the installation that will rotate is most often performed.

2. Thin sheet steel, duralumin, flexible plastic (you can also use fiberglass and fabric, but the latter option will be the least reliable).

3. A strong metal rod, the diameter of which must be at least 10 mm. At the same time, its height is about 60-70 cm. This rod will be the base of the turntable.

4. Fasteners (nuts, bolts, rivets).

5. Wooden bars or metal corners to fix the structure in a vertical position.

In principle, this is the main list of materials needed for work. In the process of performing the action, some other blanks may be needed.

Required Tools

Before you make a windmill with your own hands, you should collect what you will work with. You will definitely need the following tools:

Electric drill and drills for it.

Metal scissors.

Electric jigsaw with blades for wood and steel.

Wrenches or riveter.

Shovel and other earthwork tools (if the structure will be fixed on the ground).

Ruler, pencil, compass.

In addition, a wind generator circuit is needed, but it is no longer difficult to find it. You can even do it yourself, but for this you will need to make some calculations.

Features of the manufacture of blades

When the wind generator circuit is ready, you can begin to manufacture it. Let's start with the production of the rotating part. The blades of a vertical wind generator are made of plywood. Before cutting them, try to draw a cardboard template. To do this, use a pencil, ruler and compass. The length of the blade for the wind turbine is 19 cm, and the width at the edge is 9 cm. You will need to cut 6 parts, which will then be connected in pairs. The shape of the blades is drop-shaped.

Use a jigsaw to cut the workpiece. The cut must be neat and even. To connect the parts and form the wings, you will need wooden planks, 53 cm long.

The blades of the vertical generator must be at an angle. Usually it is 9 degrees to the center of the turntable. Naturally, this indicator can be adjusted after the design is fully completed. Next, the blades should be assembled and attached to the connecting strips. In this case, self-tapping screws are used as fasteners. You need to drill a hole through the parts and the bar at the same time. You can use glue if needed. In addition, the strips should not extend beyond the edges of the parts. Try to straighten them out as much as possible. The quality of the design will depend on this.

Next, the blades for the wind turbine and all wooden parts should be wrapped in metal. This is necessary so that the wood does not deteriorate under the influence of external conditions (rain, snow). rivets or bolts can be used to secure the metal.

Now you can fold the vertical axis generator.

Features of manufacturing and assembly of the entire structure

Let's proceed to fixing the wings to the central axis (steel rod). For this, circles cut out of plywood are used. In order to draw them correctly, use a protractor. The diameter of these circles is 20 cm with a disk thickness of 1 cm. A hole must be made in their center through which the rod can be threaded.

Next, the finished wings should be attached to the axis. To do this, on both sides of the rod, it is necessary to screw 2 nuts at a distance of 6 cm from the edges. Next, circles are put on it and also screwed with a nut. The discs must be fixed tightly enough. As for the wings, they should not be tightened very loosely, but they must be able to rotate. Naturally, at this stage of assembly, you need to set the correct angle of rotation of the blades.

In principle, a home-made vertical wind generator is almost ready. You just need to make a frame-rack on which it will be mounted and rotate freely. For its manufacture, you can take metal corners of the required height. Naturally, you can use wooden bars. Keep in mind that the wind force can be strong, so you need to try to ensure maximum stability of the frame. Before connecting all other appliances, the windmill must be checked and the necessary amendments made.

Please note that the rotor pitch can be dynamic or static. In the first case, the operating speed range is higher. However, it will have to be equipped with blades of a special shape. It is quite expensive and technologically difficult. With a static rotor pitch, you only have one specific speed. The windmill can no longer spin faster. Although in this case the reliability of the device is higher, and the frequency of breakdowns decreases.

In addition, when the windmill rotates, it is necessary to ensure the balance of the structure. In this way, you can maintain its integrity. In addition, the wind can be very strong, and the speed will have to be reduced. For this, a special centrifugal regulator is used. It slows down the course of the blades if it exceeds the allowed rate. If the wind is weak, then the efficiency of the unit can be increased using a chain mechanism.

A vertical wind generator, the price of which is about $ 200-300 and above, can be made independently. To generate electricity, a conventional car device can be connected to a windmill. A small generator is enough for you to provide light in the house, connect chargers, power a laptop or other small appliances. In addition, you will also need a converter that will turn direct current into alternating current. And you also need a voltage stabilizer, which will make the work of the mini-station safe.

That's all the features of the construction of a home-made installation for generating electricity due to the movement of the wind. Good luck!

How to make a vertical wind generator

Wind generators are divided according to the type of placement of the rotating axis (rotor) into vertical and horizontal. We considered the design of a wind turbine with a horizontal rotor in a previous article, now let's talk about a wind generator with a vertical rotor.

First of all, consider the advantages and disadvantages of a vertical windmill.

Low noise level - wind, the wheel practically does not make noise and does not interfere, there is no characteristic whistle of the propeller.

Simplicity of design - making such a wind generator and installing it will not be particularly difficult.

Reliable design - all components are compact, easy to maintain.

The main disadvantage of the design of a wind turbine with a vertical rotor is its low speed, such a windmill must be installed in an area with a prevailing wind speed of more than 4 m/s.

There is practically no protection against hurricane winds - if in a horizontal windmill during a hurricane a folding shank is automatically triggered that turns the wind wheel, then in this design you need to manually jam the rotor, as an option, close the contacts at the output of the coils.

How to make a vertical wind generator.

First of all, if you decide to make a windmill with a vertical axis, you need to decide on a generator.

Since the vertical wind generator is low-speed, then, accordingly, you will need a generator capable of charging the battery at a fairly low speed.

A car alternator is not entirely suitable for this design, as it produces a charging current at speeds of more than 1000 rpm. For a car generator, you need to use a pulley with a gear ratio of 4 - 5 and modify the generator itself.

It is more practical to use an axial generator as a generator, you can make it yourself, the manufacturing process is described in this article.

Scheme of an axial generator for a wind generator.

Making a wind wheel for a vertical windmill.

The wind wheel (turbine) consists of two supports, upper and lower, as well as blades.

The wind wheel is made from sheets of aluminum or stainless steel, and the wind wheel can also be cut from a thin-walled barrel. The height of the wind wheel must be at least 1 meter.

In this wind wheel, the angle of the blades bend sets the speed of rotation of the rotor, the greater the bend, the greater the speed of rotation.

The wind wheel is bolted directly to the generator pulley.

Scheme of connection of the vetogenerator.

The generator is connected to the controller, which in turn is connected to the battery. It is more practical to use a car battery as an energy storage device. Since household appliances run on AC, we will need an inverter to convert DC 12V to AC 220V.

DIY vertical windmill (5 kW)

The activity of both individuals and all of today's humanity is practically impossible without electricity. Unfortunately, the rapidly increasing consumption of oil and gas, coal and peat leads to a decrease in the reserves of these resources on the planet. What can be done while earthlings still have all this? According to the conclusions of experts, it is the development of energy complexes that can solve the problems of world economic and financial crises. Therefore, the most relevant are the search and use of fuel-free energy sources.

Renewable, ecological, green9raquo;

Perhaps it is not worth reminding that everything new is a well-forgotten old. People have learned to use the strength of the river flow and the speed of the wind to obtain mechanical energy for a very long time. The sun heats water for us and moves cars, feeds spaceships. Wheels, installed in the beds of streams and small rivers, supplied water to the fields as early as the Middle Ages. One windmill could provide flour for several surrounding villages.

At the moment, we are interested in a simple question: how to provide your home with cheap light and heat, how to make a windmill with your own hands? 5 kW power or a little less, the main thing is that you can supply your home with current for the operation of electrical appliances.

It is interesting that in the world there is a classification of buildings according to the level of resource efficiency:

• conventional, built before 1980-1995;
• with low and ultra-low energy consumption - up to 45-90 kWh per 1 kV / m;
• passive and non-volatile, receiving current from renewable sources (for example, by installing a rotary wind generator (5 kW) with your own hands or a system of solar panels, you can solve this problem);
• energy-active buildings that generate more electricity than they need, receive money by giving it through the network to other consumers.

It turns out that our own, home mini-stations installed on rooftops and in yards can eventually compete with large electricity suppliers. And the governments of different countries in every possible way encourage the creation and active use of alternative energy sources.

How to determine the profitability of your own power plant

Researchers have proven that the reserve capacity of the winds is much greater than all the accumulated centuries-old fuel reserves. Among the methods of obtaining energy from renewable sources, windmills have a special place, since their manufacture is simpler than the creation of solar panels. In fact, a 5 kW wind generator can be assembled with your own hands, having the necessary components, including magnets, copper wire, plywood and metal for the blades.

Connoisseurs argue that not only a structure of the correct shape, but also built in the right place can become productive and, accordingly, profitable. This means that it is necessary to take into account the presence, constancy and even the speed of air flows in each individual case and even in a particular region. If calm, calm and calm days periodically come in the area, the installation of a mast with a generator will not bring any benefit.

Before you start making a windmill with your own hands (5 kW), you need to consider its model and appearance. Do not expect a large energy output from a weak design. Conversely, when you only need to power a couple of light bulbs in the country, it makes no sense to build a huge windmill with your own hands. 5 kW is enough power to provide electricity to almost the entire lighting system and household appliances. If there is constant wind, there will be light.

How to make a wind generator with your own hands: a sequence of actions

At the place chosen for the high mast, the windmill itself is strengthened with a generator attached to it. The generated energy goes through the wires to the desired room. It is believed that the higher the mast design, the larger the diameter of the wind wheel and the stronger the air flow, the higher the efficiency of the entire device. In fact, everything is not quite like this:

• for example, a strong hurricane can easily break the blades;
• some models can be installed on the roof of an ordinary house;
• A properly selected turbine starts easily and performs well even in very low wind speeds.

The main types of windmills

Designs with a horizontal axis of rotation of the rotor are considered classic. Usually they have 2-3 blades and are installed at a great height from the ground. The greatest efficiency of such an installation is manifested with an air flow of a constant direction and its speed of 10 m/s. A significant disadvantage of this bladed design is the failure of the rotation of the blades in a frequently changing, gusty wind direction. This leads either to unproductive work or to the destruction of the entire installation. To start such a generator after stopping, a forced initial spin-up of the blades is necessary. In addition, with active rotation, the blades emit specific sounds that are unpleasant to the human ear.

A vertical wind generator ("Volchok9raquo; 5 kW or other) has a different rotor placement. H-shaped or barrel-shaped turbines capture wind from any direction. These designs are smaller, run even at the weakest air currents (at 1.5-3 m/s), do not require high masts, they can be used even in urban areas. In addition, do-it-yourself (5 kW - this is real) assembled windmills reach their rated power with a wind of 3-4 m / s.

Sails are not on ships, but on land

One of the most popular trends in wind energy today is the creation of a horizontal generator with soft blades. The main difference is both the material of manufacture and the shape itself: do-it-yourself windmills (5 kW, sail type) have 4-6 triangular fabric blades. Moreover, unlike traditional structures, their cross section increases in the direction from the center to the periphery. This feature allows not only to “catch9raquo; light wind, but also to avoid the loss of hurricane airflow.

The advantages of sailboats include the following indicators:

• high power at slow rotation;
• self-orientation and adjustment to any wind;
• high vane and low inertia;
• no need for forced spinning of the wheel;
• completely silent rotation even at high speeds;
• absence of vibrations and sound disturbances;
• relative cheapness of construction.

DIY windmills

5 kW of required electricity can be obtained in several ways:

• build a simple rotary structure;
• to assemble a complex of several successively located on the same axis of the sailing wheels;
• use an axial construction with neodymium magnets.

It is important to remember that the power of the wind wheel is proportional to the product of the cubic value of the wind speed and the swept area of ​​the turbine. So, how to make a 5 kW wind generator? Instructions below.

As a basis, you can take a car hub and brake discs. 32 magnets (25 by 8 mm) are placed in parallel in a circle on the future disks of the rotor (moving part of the generator) for each disk, 16 pieces, moreover, the pluses necessarily alternate with the minuses. Opposite magnets must have different pole values. After marking and placement, everything on the circle is poured with epoxy.

Coils of copper wire are placed on the stator. Their number should be less than the number of magnets, that is, 12. First, all the wires are brought out and connected to each other with a star or triangle, then they are also filled with epoxy glue. It is recommended to insert pieces of plasticine into the coils before pouring. After the resin has hardened and removed, holes will remain that are needed for ventilation and cooling of the stator.

How it all works

The rotor disks, rotating relative to the stator, form a magnetic field, and an electric current appears in the coils. And the windmill, connected by means of a system of pulleys, is needed in order to move these parts of the working structure. How to make a wind generator with your own hands? Some start building their own power plant by assembling a generator. Others - from the creation of a bladed rotating part.

The shaft from the windmill is coupled with a sliding joint to one of the rotor discs. A lower, second disk with magnets is placed on a strong bearing. The stator is located in the middle. All parts are attached to the plywood circle with long bolts and fixed with nuts. Between all the "pancakes9raquo; be sure to leave minimum clearances for free rotation of the rotor discs. The result is a 3-phase generator.

“Barrel9raquo;

It remains to make windmills. With your own hands, a 5 kW rotating structure can be made from 3 circles of plywood and a sheet of the thinnest and lightest duralumin. Metal rectangular wings are attached to plywood with bolts and corners. Preliminarily, wave-shaped guide grooves are hollowed out in each plane of the circle, into which the sheets are inserted. The resulting two-story rotor has 4 wavy blades attached to each other at right angles. That is, between each two hubs fastened with plywood pancakes, there are 2 duralumin blades curved in the shape of a wave.

This design is mounted in the center on a steel stud, which will transmit torque to the generator. Do-it-yourself (5 kW) windmills of this design weigh approximately 16-18 kg with a height of 160-170 cm and a base diameter of 80-90 cm.

What to Consider

Windmill-"barrel9raquo; can be installed even on the roof of a building, although a tower 3-4 meters high is quite enough. However, it is imperative to protect the generator housing from natural precipitation. It is also recommended to install an energy storage battery.

To obtain an alternating current from a direct 3-phase current, a converter must also be included in the circuit.

How to make a vertical wind generator with your own hands

Recently, fans of renewable energy sources prefer vertical designs of windmills. Horizontal ones go down in history. The point is not only that it is easier to make a vertical wind generator with your own hands than a horizontal one. The main motive for this choice is efficiency and reliability.

Benefits of a vertical windmill

1. The vertical design of the windmill catches the wind better: there is no need to determine where it is blowing from and orient the blades to the air flow. 2. The installation of such equipment does not require its high location, which means that it will be easier to maintain a vertical windmill with your own hands. 3. The design contains fewer moving parts, which improves its reliability. 4. The optimal profile of the blades increases the efficiency of the windmill. 5. The multi-pole generator used to generate electricity is less noisy.

Let's talk about how to make parts and assemble a vertical wind generator with your own hands.

Do-it-yourself algorithm for making a turbine

1. Supports (upper and lower) of the blades are two concentric circles of the same size. They are made of ABS plastic - cut with a jigsaw. In one of them (it will be the top one), a hole with a diameter of 300 mm is made.

2. The lower support must rest on a hub, which can be used as a car hub. To connect the parts, you need to mark and drill 4 holes. 3. When assembling a vertical wind generator with your own hands, pay special attention to fastening the blades. A template is needed to correctly position the blades. On the lower support we draw a six-pointed star (Star of David), the corners of which will be on the edge of the circle. We project the drawing onto the upper support. We make the blades from thin sheet metal in the form of a strip 1160 mm long, the width of which is slightly more than the side of the star beam.

4. The blades are fixed with two corners at the top and bottom, while they must be bent so that a quarter of a circle is formed. They are arranged one after another in a circle, setting them on the edges of the rays.

We make a rotor

1. The bases for the rotor with a diameter of 400 mm are cut out of plywood 10 mm thick. Permanent neodymium magnets with high inductance are attached along the outer radius using liquid nails or epoxy glue. They are arranged similarly to the numbers on the watch dial (exactly 12 pieces) with respect to the polarity (it is recommended to mark them). To prevent the magnets from moving out of place, they are temporarily fixed with spacers made of wooden wedges.

2. The second rotor is made similarly and symmetrically to the first. The difference in the polarity of the magnets - it should be opposite.

How to assemble a stator

The stator is assembled from 9 inductors. There must be 3 groups of series-connected coils (3 per group): the end of the previous one is connected to the beginning of the next one (star configuration). Coils are located symmetrically at the vertices of three triangles inscribed in a circle. The winding is carried out with copper wire 0.51 mm in diameter (type - 24 AWG). 320 turns required. This will allow you to get a voltage of 100 V at 120 rpm at the generator output. turbines. A do-it-yourself vertical wind generator can be made with different output voltage and current parameters by reducing / increasing the number of turns and the diameter of the stator winding wire. The turns of the coils are wound in the same way. It is necessary to observe the direction of winding and mark its beginning and end. Epoxy glue is applied over the outer coil and electrical tape is wound in four places to prevent unwinding.

Rules and nuances of connecting coils

The ends of the coils must be cleaned of varnish insulation. Connections are made by soldering. The coils prepared in this way are placed on a paper sheet, on which a diagram of their location is applied (in accordance with the position of the permanent magnets of the rotor). Fix them with tape. All free fields of paper (except for the centers of the coils) are sealed with fiberglass, pouring epoxy resin with a hardener. The winding leads must be located outside or inside the stator. Holes are made in the stator to mount the bracket.

Final assembly and installation

The following are assembled on one axis (from top to bottom): the lower support of the blades, the disk with permanent magnets (the upper base of the rotor), the stator, the lower base of the rotor and the hub. All components are attached with studs to the bracket. We use stainless steel bolts for good contact. Having finalized the rest of the little things, we get the finished device. Do-it-yourself vertical windmill should be installed in an open area, where the wind force is greatest. It is desirable that there are no tall buildings nearby. Then the wind generator will generate electricity efficiently, which will help save money.

Wind turbines with a vertical axis of rotation

This section contains various designs of wind turbines with a vertical axis of rotation, made by fans of this type of wind turbine. There are many types and variations of vertical wind turbines. The simplest Savonius or simple barrels, and more advanced Darrieus rotors, which are more resourceful, but here each type has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Rotor Onipko

Description of the Onipko rotor. What is it? Another project to find investors or is it a really efficient wind generator

Vertical wind generator

Vertical wind generator of an unusual design

An interesting design of a wind generator, the generator of which is made of an asynchronous motor, but the generator is made with three stators and a triple rotor. the two-blade rotor with polycarbonate blades also rotates unusually.

Windmill from barrels with folding blades

Wind generator made from tin barrels. The generator is made of a 2.2 kW asynchronous motor, the rotor of which is converted to neodymium magnets. Belt generator drive. The blades of the windmill are hinged with centrifugal weights, although they open and close in the wind passing under the wind.

Wind generator from the motor-wheel

A few photos of a small vertical wind generator. As a generator, a motor-wheel from a scooter was used here, the transmission of torque to the generator was chain, the ratio was approximately 1:2.5. The dimensions of the rotor are 1 * 1.6 meters, the height of the mast is 9 meters. On an average wind, this windmill produces up to 3A and 17v to charge an alkaline battery.

Wind generator for water intake

The design of this wind generator, which has already become legendary in the Runet, drives a home-made pump, and it pumps water from the lake. Initially, the windmill was supposed to charge the battery, but too low speed nullified all attempts to generate electricity.

Vertical wind generator, Ugrinsky rotor

Homemade wind generator with a vertical axis of rotation and a rotor size of 0.75 * 1.6m. The design of the blades according to the drawings of the Ugrinsky rotor, this is an improved Savonius, in fact, KIEV of this design is higher. The structure is made of two blocks with an angle of 90 degrees, the material is plywood and aluminum. The generator for this windmill is axial type with permanent magnets.

The power of the wind turbine is about 50 watts in a wind of 7-8m/s.

Homemade Savonius-type wind generator

Homemade vertical wind generator with a rotor size of 1.8 * 1m. As a generator, a converted car generator.

The power of the wind turbine is 60 watts in a wind of 10 m / s, this is not much, but here the generator needs to be improved.

Do-it-yourself vertical wind generator

Do-it-yourself vertical wind generator Alternative energy today is developing at a very fast pace. For example, a vertical-axis wind turbine is no longer a novelty. AT

Electricity is steadily rising in price. To feel comfortable outside the city in hot summer weather and a frosty winter day, you need to either spend a lot of money or look for alternative energy sources. Russia is a huge country with large flat areas. Although slow winds prevail in most of our regions, strong and violent air currents blow over the sparsely populated area. Therefore, the presence of a wind generator in the farm of the owner of suburban real estate is most often justified. The appropriate model is chosen based on the area of ​​application and the actual purpose of use.

Wind turbine #1 - rotary type design

You can make a simple rotary windmill with your own hands. Of course, he is unlikely to be able to supply electricity to a large cottage, but it is quite possible to provide electricity to a modest garden house. With it, you can supply light in the evening to outbuildings, illuminate garden paths and the local area.

You can read more about other types of alternative energy sources in this article:

So, or almost so, a do-it-yourself rotary wind generator looks like. As you can see, there is nothing super complicated in the design of this equipment.

Preparation of parts and consumables

To assemble a wind generator, the power of which will not exceed 1.5 kW, we will need:

• generator from car 12 V;
• acid or gel battery 12 V;
• converter 12V - 220V to 700 W - 1500 W;
• a large container made of aluminum or stainless steel: a bucket or a voluminous pan;
• automotive battery charging relay and charge control lamp;
• semi-hermetic "button" switch for 12 V;
• voltmeter from any unnecessary measuring device, you can automobile;
• bolts with washers and nuts;
• wires with a cross section of 2.5 mm 2 and 4 mm 2;
• two clamps with which the generator will be attached to the mast.

To do the work, we will need metal scissors or a grinder, a tape measure, a marker or a construction pencil, a screwdriver, keys, a drill, a drill, wire cutters.

Most owners of private houses do not recognize the use of geothermal heating, but such a system has promise. You can read more about the advantages and disadvantages of this complex in the following material:

Progress of design work

We are going to make a rotor and remake the alternator pulley. To get started, we need a metal container of a cylindrical shape. Most often, a pot or bucket is adapted for these purposes. Take a tape measure and a marker or construction pencil and divide the container into four equal parts. If we cut metal with scissors, then in order to insert them, you must first make holes. You can also use a grinder if the bucket is not made of painted tin or galvanized steel. In these cases, the metal will inevitably overheat. Cut out the blades without cutting through them to the end.

In order not to be mistaken with the dimensions of the blades that we cut in the tank, it is necessary to make careful measurements and carefully recalculate everything.

In the bottom and in the pulley we mark and drill holes for the bolts. At this stage, it is important to take your time and arrange the holes symmetrically to avoid imbalance during rotation. The blades should be bent, but not too much. When performing this part of the work, we take into account the direction of rotation of the generator. It usually rotates in a clockwise direction. Depending on the angle of the bend, the area of ​​influence of wind flows increases, and, therefore, the speed of rotation.

This is another option for blades. In this case, each part exists separately, and not as part of the container from which it was cut.

Since each of the windmill blades exists separately, you need to screw each one. The advantage of this design is its increased maintainability

The bucket with finished blades should be fixed to the pulley using bolts. We install the generator on the mast using clamps, then we connect the wires and assemble the circuit. It is better to rewrite the diagram, wire colors and contact markings in advance. The wires also need to be fixed on the mast.

To connect the battery, we use wires 4 mm 2, the length of which should not be more than 1 meter. We connect the load (electrical appliances and lighting) using wires with a cross section of 2.5 mm 2. Do not forget to put the converter (inverter). It is connected to the network to contacts 7.8 with a 4 mm 2 wire.

The design of the wind turbine consists of a resistor (1), a generator starter winding (2), a generator rotor (3), a voltage regulator (4), a reverse current relay (5), an ammeter (6), a battery (7), a fuse (8) , switch (9)

Advantages and disadvantages of such a model

If everything is done correctly, this wind generator will work without creating problems for you. With a 75A battery and a 1000 W converter, it can power street lighting, video surveillance devices, etc.

The scheme of the installation clearly demonstrates exactly how wind energy is converted into electricity and how it is used for its intended purpose.

The advantages of such a model are obvious: it is a very economical product, easy to repair, does not require special conditions for its operation, works reliably and does not violate your acoustic comfort. The disadvantages include low productivity and a significant dependence on strong gusts of wind: the blades can be torn off by air currents.

Windmill #2 - axial design with magnets

Until recently, axial windmills with iron-free stators on neodymium magnets have not been made in Russia due to the inaccessibility of the latter. But now they are in our country, and they are cheaper than originally. Therefore, our craftsmen began to manufacture wind turbines of this type.

Over time, when the capabilities of a rotary wind generator will no longer provide all the needs of the economy, you can make an axial model on neodymium magnets

What needs to be prepared?

For the basis of the axial generator, you need to take the hub from the car with brake discs. If this part was in operation, it must be disassembled, the bearings checked and lubricated, rust cleaned off. The finished generator will be painted.

To qualitatively clean the hub from rust, use a metal brush that can be mounted on an electric drill. The hub will look great again

Distribution and fixation of magnets

We have to stick magnets on the rotor disks. In this case, 20 magnets with a size of 25x8mm are used. If you decide to make a different number of poles, then use the rule: in a single-phase generator there must be as many poles as there are magnets, and in a three-phase generator, the ratio of 4/3 or 2/3 poles to coils must be observed. Magnets should be placed by alternating poles. To ensure that their location is correct, use a template with sectors printed on paper or on the disc itself.

If possible, it is better to use rectangular magnets rather than round ones, because round ones have a magnetic field concentrated in the center, and rectangular ones along their length. The opposing magnets must have different poles. In order not to confuse anything, use a marker to put “+” or “-” on their surface. To determine the pole, take one magnet and bring others to it. Put plus on attracting surfaces, and minus on repulsive ones. On the disks, the poles must alternate.

The magnets are correctly placed. Before fixing them with epoxy resin, it is necessary to make plasticine sides so that the adhesive mass can harden, and not glass on the table or floor

To fix the magnets, you need to use a strong glue, after which the bonding strength is further enhanced with epoxy resin. It is filled with magnets. To prevent the resin from spreading, you can make plasticine borders or simply wrap the disc with tape.

Three-phase and single-phase generators

A single-phase stator is worse than a three-phase one, because it vibrates when loaded. This is due to the difference in the amplitude of the current, which occurs due to its non-constant return for a moment in time. The three-phase model does not suffer from this disadvantage. The power in it is always constant, because the phases compensate for each other: if the current drops in one, it increases in the other.

In a dispute between single-phase and three-phase options, the latter comes out the winner, because additional vibration does not extend the life of the equipment and irritates the ear.

As a result, the output of a three-phase model is 50% higher than that of a single-phase one. Another advantage of the absence of unnecessary vibration is the acoustic comfort when working under load: the generator does not hum during its operation. In addition, vibration always puts the wind generator out of action before the expiration of its service life.

Coil winding process

Any specialist will tell you that before winding the coils, you need to make a careful calculation. And any practitioner will do everything intuitively. Our generator will not be too fast. We want the 12 volt battery to start charging at 100-150 rpm. With such initial data, the total number of turns in all coils should be 1000-1200 pieces. It remains to divide this figure by the number of coils and find out how many turns there will be in each.

To make the wind generator more powerful at low speeds, you need to increase the number of poles. In this case, the frequency of current oscillations in the coils will increase. For winding coils, it is better to use a thick wire. This will reduce the resistance, which means that the current will increase. It should be noted that at high voltage, the current may be "eaten" by the resistance of the winding. A simple homemade machine will help you quickly and accurately wind high-quality coils.

The stator is marked, the coils are laid in their places. For their fixation, epoxy resin is used, the runoff of which is again resisted by plasticine bumpers.

Due to the number and thickness of the magnets located on the disks, generators can vary considerably in performance. To find out what power to expect as a result, you can wind one coil and scroll it in the generator. To determine future power, you should measure the voltage at certain speeds without load.

For example, at 200 rpm, 30 volts is obtained with a resistance of 3 ohms. We subtract from 30 volts the battery voltage of 12 volts, and divide the resulting 18 volts by 3 ohms. The result is 6 amps. This is the volume that will go to the battery. Although in practice, of course, it turns out less due to losses in the diode bridge and in the wires.

Most often, the coils are made round, but it is better to stretch them a little. At the same time, there is more copper in the sector, and the turns of the coils are straighter. The diameter of the inner hole of the coil should match the size of the magnet or be slightly larger than it.

Preliminary tests of the resulting equipment are carried out, which confirm its excellent performance. Over time, this model can be improved.

When making the stator, keep in mind that its thickness must match the thickness of the magnets. If the number of turns in the coils is increased and the stator is made thicker, the interdisk space will increase and the magnetic flux will decrease. As a result, the same voltage can be generated, but less current due to the increased resistance of the coils.

Plywood is used as a form for the stator, but you can mark sectors for coils on paper, and make borders from plasticine. The strength of the product will increase the fiberglass placed on the bottom of the mold and on top of the coils. The epoxy must not stick to the mold. To do this, it is lubricated with wax or petroleum jelly. For the same purpose, you can use a film or tape. The coils are fixed to each other motionlessly, the ends of the phases are brought out. Then all six wires are connected by a triangle or a star.

The generator assembly is tested using hand rotation. The resulting voltage is 40 volts, while the current strength is approximately 10 amperes.

Final stage - mast and propeller

The actual height of the finished mast was 6 meters, but it would be better to make it 10-12 meters. The base for it needs to be concreted. It is necessary to make such a fastening so that the pipe can be raised and lowered using a hand winch. A screw is attached to the top of the pipe.

PVC pipe is a reliable and fairly light material, using which you can make a windmill propeller with a predetermined bend

For the manufacture of the screw, a PVC pipe is needed, the diameter of which is 160 mm. A six-blade two-meter screw is to be cut out of it. It makes sense to experiment with the shape of the blades in order to increase the torque at low revs. From a strong wind, the screw must be removed. This function is performed using a folding tail. The generated energy is stored in batteries.

The mast must be raised and lowered with a hand winch. Additional structural stability can be given using tension cables.

Your attention is given to two options for wind turbines, which are most often used by summer residents and owners of suburban real estate. Each of them is effective in its own way. Especially the result of using such equipment is manifested in areas with strong winds. In any case, such an assistant in the household will never hurt.

A wind generator made from a car generator can help in a situation where there is no way to connect to a power line in a private house. Or serve as an auxiliary source of alternative energy. Such a device can be made from improvised materials, using the achievements of craftsmen. Photos and videos will demonstrate the process of creating a homemade wind turbine.

Wind generator design

There is a huge species diversity of wind turbines and drawings of their manufacture. But any design includes the following mandatory elements:

• generator;
• blades;
• storage battery;
• mast;
• the electronic unit.

In addition, it is necessary to think over the control and distribution system of electricity in advance, draw an installation diagram.

wind wheel

The blades are perhaps the most important part of a wind turbine. The operation of the remaining components of the device will depend on the design. They are made from different materials. Even from a plastic sewer pipe. Blades from a pipe are easy to manufacture, are cheap and are not affected by moisture. The wind turbine manufacturing process is as follows:

1. It is necessary to calculate the length of the blade. The diameter of the pipe should be equal to 1/5 of the total footage. For example, if the blade is meter long, then a pipe with a diameter of 20 cm will do.
2. We cut the pipe with a jigsaw along into 4 parts.
3. We make a wing from one part, which will serve as a template for cutting subsequent blades.
4. We smooth out the burr on the edges with an abrasive.
5. The blades are fixed to an aluminum disk with welded strips for fastening.
6. Next, the generator is screwed to this disk.

After assembly, the wind wheel needs to be balanced. It is fixed on a tripod horizontally. The operation is carried out in a room closed from the wind. If the balance is correct, the wheel should not move. If the blades rotate themselves, then they need to be sharpened to balance the entire structure.

Only after the successful completion of this procedure, you should proceed to check the accuracy of rotation of the blades, they should spin in the same plane without skew. An error of 2 mm is allowed.

Mast

For the manufacture of the mast, an old water pipe with a diameter of at least 15 cm, a length of about 7 m is suitable. If there are buildings within 30 m of the intended installation site, then the height of the structure is adjusted upwards. For efficient operation of the wind turbine, the blade is raised above the obstacle by at least 1 m.

The base of the mast and pegs for fixing the guy wires are concreted. Clamps with bolts are welded to the stakes. For stretch marks, a galvanized 6 mm cable is used.

Advice. The assembled mast has a considerable weight, with manual installation you will need a counterweight from a pipe with a load.

Alteration of the generator

For the manufacture of a windmill generator, a generator from any car is suitable. Their designs are similar to each other, and the alteration comes down to rewinding the stator wire and making the rotor on neodymium magnets. Holes are drilled in the poles of the rotor to fix the magnets. Install them by alternating poles. The rotor is wrapped in paper, and the voids between the magnets are filled with epoxy.

In the same way, you can remake the engine from an old washing machine. Only magnets in this case are glued at an angle to avoid sticking.

The new winding is rewound along the coil onto the stator tooth. You can make a bulk winding, it's convenient for anyone. The greater the number of turns, the more efficient the generator will be. Coils are wound in one direction according to a three-phase scheme.

The finished generator is worth trying out and measuring the data. If at 300 rpm the generator produces about 30 volts, this is a good result.

final assembly

The generator frame is welded from a profile pipe. The tail is made of galvanized sheet. The rotary axis is a tube with two bearings. The generator is attached to the mast in such a way that the distance from the blade to the mast is at least 25 cm. For safety reasons, a calm day should be chosen for the final assembly and installation of the mast. The blades under the influence of a strong wind can bend and break on the mast.

To use batteries to power equipment that runs on 220 V, you will need to install a voltage conversion inverter. The battery capacity is selected individually for the wind generator. This indicator depends on the wind speed in the area, the power of the connected equipment and the frequency of its use.

To prevent the battery from failing from overcharging, you will need a voltage controller. You can make it yourself if you have sufficient knowledge in electronics, or buy ready-made. There are many controllers for alternative energy mechanisms on the market.

Advice. To prevent the blade from breaking in strong winds, a simple device is installed - a protective weather vane.

Wind turbine maintenance

A wind generator, like any other device, needs technical control and maintenance. For the smooth operation of the windmill, the following work is periodically carried out.

1. The current collector requires the most attention. Generator brushes need cleaning, lubrication and preventive adjustment every two months.
2. At the first sign of a blade malfunction (trembling and imbalance of the wheel), the wind generator is lowered to the ground and repaired.
3. Once every three years, metal parts are coated with anti-corrosion paint.
4. Regularly check the fastenings and tension of the cables.

Now that the installation is complete, you can connect appliances and use electricity. At least as long as it's windy.

DIY windmill generator: video

Wind generator for a private house: photo

Content:

Air masses have inexhaustible reserves of energy that mankind used in ancient times. Basically, the force of the wind ensured the movement of ships under sail and the operation of windmills. After the invention of steam engines, this type of energy lost its relevance.

Only in modern conditions, wind energy has again become in demand as a driving force applied to electric generators. They are not yet widely used on an industrial scale, but are becoming increasingly popular in the private sector. Sometimes it is simply impossible to connect to the power line. In such situations, many owners design and manufacture a wind generator for a private house with their own hands from improvised materials. In the future, they are used as the main or auxiliary sources of electricity.

The theory of an ideal windmill

This theory was developed at different times by scientists and specialists in the field of mechanics. It was first developed by V.P. Vetchinkin in 1914, and the theory of an ideal propeller was used as a basis. In these studies, the utilization factor of wind energy by an ideal windmill was first derived.

Work in this area was continued by N.E. Zhukovsky, who deduced the maximum value of this coefficient, equal to 0.593. In the later works of another professor - Sabinin G.Kh. the corrected value of the coefficient was 0.687.

According to the developed theories, an ideal wind wheel should have the following parameters:

• The axis of rotation of the wheel must be parallel to the speed of the wind flow.
• The number of blades is infinitely large, with a very small width.
• Zero profile resistance of the wings in the presence of constant circulation along the blades.
• The entire swept surface of the windmill has a constant lost airflow velocity on the wheel.
• The tendency of the angular velocity to infinity.

Wind turbine selection

When choosing a wind turbine model for a private house, one should take into account the necessary power that ensures the operation of instruments and equipment, taking into account the schedule and frequency of switching on. It is determined by monthly metering of consumed electricity. Additionally, the power value can be determined in accordance with the technical characteristics of consumers.

It should also be taken into account that the power of all electrical appliances is not carried out directly from the wind generator, but from the inverter and a set of batteries. Thus, a generator with a power of 1 kW is able to ensure the normal functioning of the batteries that feed the four-kilowatt inverter. As a result, household appliances with a similar capacity are provided with electricity in full. Choosing the right batteries is important. Particular attention should be paid to parameters such as charging current.

When choosing a wind turbine design, the following factors are taken into account:

• The direction of rotation of the wind wheel is vertical or horizontal.
• The shape of the blades for the fan can be in the form of a sail, with a straight or curved surface. In some cases, combined options are used.
• Material for blades and technology of their manufacture.
• Placement of fan blades with different slopes relative to the flow of passing air.
• The number of blades included in the fan.
• The required power transferred from the wind turbine to the generator.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the average annual wind speed for a particular area, specified in the meteorological service. It is not necessary to specify the direction of the wind, since modern designs of wind turbines independently turn in the other direction.

For most areas of the Russian Federation, the best option would be the horizontal orientation of the axis of rotation, the surface of the blades is curved concave, which the air flow flows around at an acute angle. The amount of power taken from the wind is affected by the area of ​​the blade. For an ordinary house, an area of ​​\u200b\u200b1.25 m 2 is enough.

The speed of a windmill depends on the number of blades. Wind turbines with one blade rotate the fastest. In such designs, a counterweight is used for balancing. It should also be taken into account that at low wind speeds, below 3 m/s, wind turbines become unable to take energy. In order for the unit to perceive a weak wind, the area of ​​​​its blades must be increased to at least 2 m 2.

Calculation of a wind generator

Before choosing a wind turbine, it is necessary to determine the wind speed and direction that are most characteristic at the place of intended installation. It should be remembered that the rotation of the blades starts at a minimum wind speed of 2 m/s. The maximum efficiency can be achieved when this indicator reaches a value from 9 to 12 m / s. That is, in order to provide electricity to a small country house, you will need a generator with a minimum power of 1 kW / h and wind at a speed of at least 8 m / s.

Wind speed and propeller diameter have a direct impact on the power generated by a wind turbine. It is possible to accurately calculate the performance characteristics of a particular model using the following formulas:

1. Calculations according to the area of ​​rotation are performed as follows: P = 0.6 x S x V 3, where S is the area perpendicular to the direction of the wind (m 2), V is the wind speed (m / s), P is the power of the generator set ( kW).
2. To calculate the electrical installation by the diameter of the screw, the formula is used: P \u003d D 2 x V 3 / 7000, in which D is the screw diameter (m), V is the wind speed (m / s), P is the generator power (kW).
3. More complex calculations take into account the density of the air flow. For these purposes, there is a formula: P \u003d ξ x π x R 2 x 0.5 x V 3 x ρ x η red x η gene, where ξ is the coefficient of wind energy use (a measureless value), π = 3.14, R - rotor radius (m), V - air flow velocity (m / s), ρ - air density (kg / m 3), η ed - reducer efficiency (%), η gene - generator efficiency (%).

Thus, the electricity produced by the wind generator increases quantitatively in a cubic ratio with the increasing speed of the wind flow. For example, with an increase in wind speed by 2 times, the production of kinetic energy by the rotor will increase by 8 times.

When choosing a place to install a wind turbine, it is necessary to give preference to areas without large buildings and tall trees that create a barrier to the wind. The minimum distance from residential buildings is from 25 to 30 meters, otherwise the noise during work will create inconvenience and discomfort. The wind turbine rotor must be located at a height exceeding the nearest buildings by at least 3-5 m.

If the connection of a country house to a common network is not planned, in this case, you can use the options of combined systems. The operation of the wind turbine will be much more efficient when used in conjunction with a diesel generator or a solar battery.

How to make a wind generator with your own hands

Regardless of the type and design of the wind turbine, each device is equipped with similar elements as a basis. All models are equipped with generators, blades of various materials, lifts to provide the desired level of installation, as well as additional batteries and an electronic control system. The most simple to manufacture are rotary-type units or axial structures using magnets.

Option 1. Rotary design of the wind generator.

The design of a rotary wind generator uses two, four or more blades. Such wind generators are not able to fully provide electricity to large country houses. They are mainly used as an auxiliary source of electricity.

Depending on the design power of the windmill, the necessary materials and components are selected:

• 12 volt car alternator and car battery.
• Voltage regulator that converts alternating current from 12 to 220 volts.
• Large sized container. An aluminum bucket or stainless steel pot works best.
• As a charger, you can use the relay removed from the car.
• You will need a 12 V switch, a charge lamp with a controller, bolts with nuts and washers, and metal clamps with rubberized gaskets.
• A three-core cable with a minimum cross section of 2.5 mm 2 and a conventional voltmeter taken from any measuring device.

First of all, the rotor is prepared from an existing metal container - a pot or bucket. It is divided into four equal parts, holes are made at the ends of the lines to facilitate separation into component parts. Then the container is cut with scissors for metal or a grinder. Rotor blades are cut out of the resulting blanks. All measurements must be carefully checked for dimensional conformity, otherwise the design will not work properly.

Next, the side of rotation of the generator pulley is determined. As a rule, it rotates clockwise, but it is better to check this. After that, the rotor part is connected to the generator. To avoid imbalance in the movement of the rotor, the mounting holes in both designs must be symmetrical.

To increase the speed of rotation, the edges of the blades should be slightly bent. As the bending angle increases, the air flows will be more effectively perceived by the rotary unit. As blades, not only elements of a cut container are used, but also individual parts connected to a metal blank having the shape of a circle.

After attaching the container to the generator, the entire resulting structure must be fully installed on the mast using metal clamps. Then the wiring is mounted and assembled. Each pin must be connected to its own connector. After connection, the wiring is attached to the mast with wire.

At the end of the assembly, the inverter, battery and load are connected. The battery is connected with a cable with a cross section of 3 mm 2, for all other connections a cross section of 2 mm 2 is sufficient. After that, the wind generator can be operated.

Option 2. Axial construction of a wind generator using magnets.

Axial windmills for the home are a design, one of the main elements of which are neodymium magnets. In terms of their performance, they are significantly ahead of conventional rotary units.

The rotor is the main element of the entire design of the wind turbine. For its manufacture, the hub of an automobile wheel complete with brake discs is best suited. The part that was in operation should be prepared - cleaned of dirt and rust, lubricated bearings.

Next, you need to correctly distribute and fix the magnets. In total, you will need 20 pieces, 25 x 8 mm in size. The magnetic field in them is located along the length. Even magnets will be poles, they are located on the entire plane of the disk, alternating through one. Then the pros and cons are determined. One magnet alternately touches the other magnets on the disk. If they attract, then the pole is positive.

With an increased number of poles, certain rules must be observed. In single-phase generators, the number of poles is the same as the number of magnets. Three-phase generators have a 4/3 ratio between magnets and poles and a 2/3 ratio between poles and coils. The installation of magnets is carried out perpendicular to the circumference of the disc. A paper template is used to evenly distribute them. First, the magnets are fixed with strong glue, and then finally fixed with epoxy.

If we compare single-phase and three-phase generators, then the performance of the former will be somewhat worse compared to the latter. This is due to high amplitude fluctuations in the network due to unstable current output. Therefore, vibration occurs in single-phase devices. In three-phase designs, this disadvantage is compensated by current loads from one phase to another. As a result, a constant power value is always ensured in the network. Due to vibration, the service life of single-phase systems is significantly shorter than that of three-phase systems. In addition, three-phase models have no noise during operation.

The height of the mast is approximately 6-12 m. It is installed in the center of the formwork and poured with concrete. Then a finished structure is installed on the mast, on which the screw is attached. The mast itself is fastened with cables.

Wind turbine blades

The efficiency of wind power installations largely depends on the design of the blades. First of all, this is their number and size, as well as the material from which the blades for the wind turbine will be made.

Factors affecting blade design:

• Even the weakest wind can set the long blades in motion. However, too much length can slow down the speed of the wind wheel.
• Increasing the total number of blades makes the wind wheel more responsive. That is, the more blades, the better the rotation starts. However, the power and speed will decrease, making such a device unsuitable for power generation.
• The diameter and speed of rotation of the wind wheel affects the noise level generated by the device.

The number of blades must be combined with the installation site of the entire structure. Under the most optimal conditions, properly selected blades can provide maximum output from the wind turbine.

First of all, you need to determine in advance the required power and functionality of the device. To properly manufacture a wind turbine, you need to study the possible designs, as well as the climatic conditions in which it will be operated.

In addition to the total power, it is recommended to determine the value of the output power, also known as peak load. It represents the total number of appliances and equipment that will be turned on simultaneously with the operation of the wind turbine. If you need to increase this figure, it is recommended to use several inverters at once.

DIY wind generator 24v - 2500 watts