Cumulative torpedoes of axial action. Separation of reservoirs with explosive packers

One of the main tasks in the construction of oil and gas wells is to provide high-quality insulation of the annulus and annulus. When cementing an annulus in one stage, problems arise with the rise of cement to the mouth, as well as with the exclusion of the formation of extended cavities. The occurrence of cavities, as a rule. due to the presence of behind-the-casing flows during the period of waiting for the solidification of the WOC cement. A large variation in the time of cement thickening leads to a decrease in back pressure on the formation and the development of behind-the-casing flows. Thus, by the time the cement hardens, there are already channels in it through which the layers can communicate with each other. Often this complicates the operation of the well or makes it impossible.

5.2.1 Improving the quality of insulation in the annulus.

To prevent cavitation in the annulus, an effective technology is the installation of an annular explosive packer. Annular explosive packer consists of 2 coaxial pipes made of titanium (non-magnetic material). The ends of the pipes are hermetically sealed and represent a coupling and fitting for connection with casing pipes. The annulus contains a powder mover, which, on command, will be activated and the high-pressure powder gases deform the rubber collar, irreversibly pressing it against the borehole wall. The powder charge is ignited by an inductor through a transformer connection. The technology of work consists of several operations.

After preparing the packer for work, the geophysical team delivers it to the well by the time the casing string is lowered. In accordance with a predetermined decision on the place of its installation (in the zone of dense rocks and the nominal diameter of the wellbore), the packer is screwed together with casing pipes into a string and lowered into the well. Before cementing, a lubricator is installed on the cementing head. The lubricator is installed at the wellhead during cementing in order to avoid the impossibility of discharging the well due to erosion of the check valve.

After completion of cement injection into the annulus and landing of the top plug on the stop-ring, an inductor with thermometer modules and HA or NGK (in carbonate sections) is lowered into the well through a lubricator. When the geophysical instruments reach the place of installation of the packer in the well, the inductor is switched on and behind the wall of the inner pipe, the mover is started, which irreversibly compresses the rubber cuff. .After the packer is triggered, thermometry and RK are carried out to confirm the actual position of the packer in the geological section..

Figure 5.9. Annular packer

1 - rubber cuff

To create insulating screens by pumping grouting materials into the formation under pressure up to 30 MPa, an explosive cementing packer PVC with an outer diameter of 110,118,135 mm (PVC110, PVC118, PVC135) was created and used, respectively, in casing strings with a diameter of 117.7-124; 125.2- 133; 144-152 mm at a maximum hydrostatic pressure of 147 MPa and a temperature of 150 0 C. When replacing a valve device, it can be used as a slip packer. A distinctive feature of the packer is its operation without bottomhole support.

PVC packer. 1- slips

2 - rubber cuff

The first stage consists in setting the packer to be run on a geophysical cable. After the packer is lowered and set in a given place, a powder charge weighing 120 g is ignited by an electric impulse with gas pressure, the chamber sleeve is displaced relative to the housing. upsetting the slips and pressing the cuff against the wall of the casing. The piston speed is controlled by a hydraulic brake filled with liquid oil. After planting the packer part, the pin breaks. connecting the chamber with the packer part. The chamber is released and can be reused many times. This completes the first stage of work.

To pump cement, the packer is connected to the tubing lowered into the well by a free fit of a special coupling on the end of the packer rod. When the packer is pressure tested in the well, a pressure ball supplied from the surface with liquid closes the hole in the valve device, allowing you to check the tightness of the connection. Increasing the pressure to 7 MPa, the ball is pressed through and exits through the window under the packer, opening the way for the cement slurry. At the end of the punching of cement, the valve is activated and blocks the return flow of the cement slurry.

Fig.5.11. Installation of the explosive packer VP in the casing string.

a - before installation; b - after installation in the casing string. KN - cable lug; 1 head, 2 - weighting agent, 3 - electric wire, 4 - adapter, 5 - fixing balls, 6 - packer head, 7 - plug, 8 - electric igniter,

9 - packer body, 10 - powder charge, 11 - casing string

Explosive packer VP has been widely used in the fields of the Russian Federation and neighboring countries. Strong adhesion of the packer to the surface of the casing is achieved due to large plastic deformations of the aluminum body under the action of high-pressure powder gases formed during the combustion of smoky gunpowder DRP. Figure 5.11 shows a section of the VP packer before running it into the string a) and after setting and disconnecting the packer with the weighting agent. Disengagement occurs by moving up to the stop of the plug. due to which the steel balls 5. connecting the packer and the weighting agent get the opportunity to disengage and the load is removed from the packer. To increase the reliability of separation of the layers, a portion of cement mortar is poured onto the VP from above.

E

Fig.5.12 VPSH packer

If the distance between objects is a few meters, then for reliable separation it is necessary to use a VPSh packer. It consists of a packer part and a chamber charged with gunpowder and removed after the packer is set on the surface. It descends on a logging cable. After descent at a predetermined interval, an electrical impulse is applied through the geophysical cable to ignite the powder charge. The pressure of the gases moves the piston of the chamber relative to the body, pressing the plates into the wall of the column and compressing the cuff. At the final stage, the pin connecting the chamber to the packer part breaks, and a channel is opened for the release of gases into the well. The chamber is used repeatedly. All explosive packers can be drilled out, since aluminum alloys and cast iron are used in their manufacture.

	Outer diameter, mm	Internal diameter of the casing (pump and compressor) pipe where the product is used, mm, minimum/maximum	Maximum conditions applied		Powder charge mass, kg, minimum/maximum	Note
			Temperature, o C	Pressure, MPa
VP88, VP92, VP102, VP110, VP118, VP135						The inner diameter of casing pipes for one standard size varies within 2-8 mm
VPSh82, VPSh102
Pvts118, Pvts135						Maximum allowable cementing pressure 30 MPa

Table +5.5. Technical characteristics of explosive packers.

The PVR packer indicated in the table is designed for installation of cement bridges through tubing using special bailers.

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n1.doc

6.1. Explosive packer type VP

Explosive packer type VP (Fig. 6.1, Table 6.1) consists of a body, a plug with sealing rubber rings, an electric inlet, a union nut and an adapter, which is connected to the body with two steel balls. In the case of the packer, made of aluminum alloy, there is a charge of gunpowder.

Electric igniter type TEZ-ZP or EVPT. connected to the inside of the electrical inlet and to hull. Explosive packers are lowered into the well to a predetermined depth on a single-core cable, to which a cable head and weight are connected. The body of the PC puncher is used as a load. A pulse of electric current is fed through the cable, from which an electric igniter is triggered and ignites a charge of gunpowder. The body of the explosive packer expands under the action of the pressure of powder gases to a strong adhesion to the walls of the casing.

Rice. 6.1 Explosive packer VP type.

1 cable; 2 - cable head;3 — cargo (hull andperforator sleight typePC);4 — electricalwaters;5 - adapter;6 - electrical input; 7- ball;8 — sample-ka;9 - contact with the body;10 — electric flamebody;11 — packer body;12 — gunpowder charge
Explosive packers are equipped with an automatic cable release unit with a cable head, weight and adapter, which are removed to the surface and reused. Under the pressure of powder gases, the plug moves all the way to the end of the union nut, which ensures the separation of the body and adapter. The components and parts of explosive packers remaining in the well, if necessary, are eliminated by drilling out.

The mass of the powder charge for each packer is selected according to special graphs depending on the inner diameter of the casing and hydrostatic pressure in the setting interval.

When assembling a VP packer, check:

The presence of an electrical circuit between the outer and inner parts of the electric inlet in the plug and its absence between the electric inlet and the plug body;

The strength of the fit of the inner part of the electrical lead-in in the cork body;

Performance of the blast packer connection unit with an adapter using balls

Table 6.1

Specifications for explosive packers type VP

Indicator	VP88	VP92	VP102	VP110		VP118		VP135
Outer diameter, mm	88	92	102	110		118		135
Casing inner diameter, mm: minimum Maximum
Maximum allowable:
pressure, MPa	60
differential pressure, MPa	15
temperature, °С	120
110	120	150	180	200		270
Powder charge mass, kg: Minimum
maximum	0,31	0,36	0,50	0,65	0,83		1,03
Case wall thickness, mm	17	18	21	22	23		27
Packer length, mm:
without adapter and load	475	490	535	57Yu	605		605
with adapter and load	1485	1500	1545	1540	1575		1575
Weight without adapter and load, kg:	5,15	6,30	7,90	9,64	11,62		15,68
with adapter and load	36,65	40,95	42,25	54,19	56,17		60,23

An explosive packer of the VP type is connected to a cement bailer, which makes it possible to create a separation in the form of a metal plug with a cement bridge in one run into the well. For forced displacement of the cement slurry, the bailer is equipped with a piston, which is located in its upper part above the cement slurry and is connected by a cable to the explosive packer. When the bailer is raised, the cement slurry is displaced by the piston. This is especially necessary for wells filled with high-density drilling fluid.

Explosive packer

(a. blast packer; n. Sprengpackung, Sprengstoffpacket; f. packer de tir; and. obturador de tiro) - a device for blocking and separating otd. formations (oil, gas, etc.) in cased boreholes, acting due to the energy of the explosion of a powder charge. B. p. creates a sealed plug in the barrel that can withstand a pressure drop of up to 30 MPa. The most common B. p. is a hollow cylinder made of aluminum alloys, which, when a powder charge is triggered, is deformed and pressed into the casing. When choosing a charge, use nomograms that take into account the internal. casing diameter and hydrostatic pressure. There are B. p .: annular, the body of which is pressed into the casing; slip - with a column carried out using slips; umbrella type, which open after being lowered into the well and sealed with cement from the bailer. Ring B. p. are used to isolate an intermediate flooded reservoir, while maintaining the lower in operation. . Slip-on windrowers are used for work at great depths under conditions of elevated pressure (up to 150 MPa) and temperature (up to 200 ° C). Literature: Levin E. A., Lovlya S. A., The use of an explosive packer to isolate layers in cased wells, M., 1973. C.A. Catching.

Mountain Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. Edited by E. A. Kozlovsky. 1984-1991 .

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