How to close a hole in a concrete, brick and plasterboard wall. how to patch holes in concrete or drywall walls how to patch holes in brick walls

Over time, holes or cracks may appear in any walls. The appearance of such defects is considered commonplace. Very often they can appear during the installation and repair of heating systems, air conditioners, as a result of rearranging furniture and much more. When preparing surfaces for further finishing, it is necessary to beat off old and unnecessary plaster, so fragments may be chipped, which will need to be restored. In addition, cracks appear sooner or later on any concrete during operation.

You can come up with many ways to mask damaged areas: cover with a picture, wallpaper, and much more. But this will not solve the problem itself - the hole will remain. In order to repair defects in the wall, the help of craftsmen is not required, everyone can do all this on their own.

Causes of cracks in the wall

The occurrence of cracks can not only spoil the appearance of the room, but also become a serious problem for the functioning of the entire building. One of the most common causes of defects is uneven shrinkage of the structure. Often this happens when the load on the walls is not properly distributed or the soil is poorly compacted during the construction phase. If the structure is strongly beveled, then the cracks should be repaired only after the causes of such shrinkage have been eliminated and its foundation has been strengthened. With strong displacements, there is a threat of collapse of walls and ceilings.

Climatic conditions can cause cracks: sudden changes in temperature, exposure to sunlight or wind. Joints between internal and external walls on the highest floors of the building and stairwells are especially at risk.

Cracks are eliminated by introducing cement mortar into the open cavity.

Concrete eventually dries out, so it is possible for various defects to appear on it. They can occur both on the facades of the building and inside. Through holes appear most often in reinforced concrete buildings.

Damage restoration methods

There are several ways to repair wall damage. The method and scale of repair depends entirely on the size of the defect. If holes remain after dismantling unnecessary nails or screws, then it will be enough to apply putty or other cement-containing material.

For deep and large cracks, more serious measures are needed. Such holes often occur after replacing heating systems or electrical wires and sockets. Usually, cement or repair plaster has to be used to seal serious defects.

The specifics of the work on the restoration of concrete walls depends on the extent of the problem, but the set of tools needed is almost the same for all cases. To clean surfaces, stock up on a dry brush or household vacuum cleaner. When filling cracks with mounting foam, it is necessary to prepare a knife to cut off excess material.

In order to close the hole with putty or cement mortar, you will need narrow and wide spatulas. They are convenient to cover up problem areas. In case of large damage, as well as to give strength, a reinforcing tape is required. It is smeared with cement composition and becomes a full-fledged component of the wall, which will protect it from repeated destruction.

Do not forget about the final stage of the restoration of the walls. For grouting the surface, prepare sandpaper with a fine-grained coating.

Before filling the hole, it is necessary to expand it with a long screwdriver so that the repair mixture penetrates as deep as possible. After it should be cleaned of cement dust. This can be done with a vacuum cleaner or any dry brush.

Training

The entire surface is thoroughly wetted with water using a spray gun or foam rubber sponge. Do not neglect this work to prepare the hole. Wetting will not allow the putty mixture to quickly give water to the concrete wall.

Next, put a layer of gauze fabric and stick it on a damp surface. After a few minutes, you need to start puttying the defective area. The solution is applied and carefully rubbed into the hole.

After the mixture dries, everything is cleaned with sandpaper having a fine-grained surface. The final stage of puttying holes is painting the repaired area or wallpapering it.

Serious Damage Repair

The initial stage of this work is generally similar to the preparatory stage of puttying small holes. Previously, the entire damaged surface of the wall is cleaned of stones, dust, sand and wetted with water. Instead of water, the surface is often treated with a sealant. The hole is then filled with bricks or stones, which are mixed with a cement mortar. This design will save the bonding material and strengthen the repaired area.

Concrete work

The concrete mixture is prepared in the following proportions: three parts of fine sand are added to 1 part of cement. Instead, a special repair mixture or gypsum is often used.

This material can be bought at any hardware store. It is a dry cement powder, which should be diluted with water and get to work. Strong and dense in structure, the composition allows you to qualitatively repair large chips in a concrete wall. You should wait until he grabs the concrete.

After the restorative material to eliminate defects hardens and dries, the entire surface is puttied, then rubbed with a spatula. The voids should be carefully covered and leveled. Everything must be left to dry completely. This usually takes up to 12 hours.

After the surface treatment of the walls is carried out. First, the places to be restored are carefully sanded with sandpaper, then facing works are carried out: pasting or painting the treated places.

Sealing deep cracks in the wall

Very often, in the process of formation and shrinkage of the house, the seams between the panels may open or deep cracks appear. The restoration of these damages will not cause serious problems.

The easiest way is to seal them with mounting foam. It is supplied in aerosol cans, which allow you to quickly and easily repair such defects. Foam perfectly fills empty spaces and penetrates deep into the most inaccessible cracks. The material perfectly adheres to various surfaces, expands and hardens in a matter of minutes when interacting with air. When using mounting foam, a good result is guaranteed to eliminate deep holes and cracks.

Preparatory activities

Before starting the restoration, it is imperative to prepare the surface with which further work will be carried out. The gap is cleared of debris, concrete fragments, dust and dirt. Then everything is wetted with water.

Before applying the mounting foam, the container is thoroughly shaken for about a minute so that its contents become homogeneous. During operation, the container should be placed vertically upside down. This is necessary because of the gas inside, it is lighter than foam, and therefore displaces its cylinder.

It is recommended to fill cracks from the bottom up. If the damage is too deep and serious, the mounting foam should be applied in layers, each of which is laid after the previous one has completely dried. This method allows you to qualitatively seal the open cavity and dry the material.

After filling the crack, the raw mounting foam should not be touched by hand. Any touch can affect its structure and slow down the hardening process. You should be patient and wait for the material to dry completely.

The final step will be the removal of excess mounting foam with a regular knife. Then the surface should be sealed with putty. Leveling is done with sandpaper.

Do not worry about the remaining hole or crack in the wall. Any defect, no matter how large it is, is simple and easy to repair with your own hands without outside help.

The most important condition for the quality of the restoration is the strict adherence to all recommendations.

Professional builders know perfectly well how to close holes in a concrete wall, the question is, is it known to a simple person who is far from repair business? Often the walls in the houses are concrete or brick, which makes it possible to characterize the structure as strong and durable. We are convinced of this when we make holes for wall fasteners. But soon we will also learn how to close up holes in the wall and become experts in such matters. However, a hole can form quite suddenly, for example:

• when installing plumbing fixtures;
• installation of household appliances;
• pipe replacement.

The reason for the appearance of a “hole” is as important as how to close holes in a concrete wall so that this process is within the power of the household and does not require a lot of investment.

Cracks may appear, holes can occur due to climatic conditions: a sharp temperature drop, how to close holes in a wall of this nature, we will learn further. The joints between the inner and outer walls are especially affected, but more on that next time.

Characteristics of the problem solutions

Cracks are eliminated by introducing a cement composition deep into the open cavity. A common problem of concrete houses of old buildings is the deformation of the source material over time. Through holes are the lot of reinforced concrete buildings.

You should not put off problems without experience, the procedure is quite simple, amenable not only to master finishers. Two factors influence the resolution of the situation:

• primary floor material (concrete, brickwork, plasterboard);
• defect characteristics: small hole, deep hole, through hole.

Let's see what materials are used depending on the listed factors.

How to close holes in a concrete wall: stages of work

Small, almost imperceptible hole

In every work, regardless of the size, depth of the hole, there is a preparatory stage. This is the cleansing of the deformed place, the edges of the finishing material. Here the question is more likely to be this: how to cover up a hole in the wall, and not repair it. After all, the cause of the appearance is most often an unsuccessfully clogged dowel or other small work. You can fix this problem:

• vacuum cleaner;
• small spatula;
• foam rubber;
• brush;
• alabaster or plaster material;
• sandpaper;

It should be understood that before covering the holes in the wall, you need to prepare the damaged surface. Free it from debris, finishing coating - make it perfectly clean. Next, things are going according to plan:

1. We expand the hole a little, for deep penetration of the repair solution;
2. The vacuum cleaner needs to get rid of the debris that has appeared;
3. With a moistened brush, we process the gap that has appeared, so the solution does not absorb excess moisture;
4. A solution is applied with a spatula and rubbed deep into the hole;
5. After the wall dries, sanding is carried out;
6. After the hole is patched up in the wall, it is masked with paint and wallpaper.

Large holes and holes

There are a lot of reasons for the appearance, we won’t disassemble everything, we’ll get down to business right away and find out how to close holes in a concrete wall. The finishing material here is selected depending on the size of the hole: up to 5 cm of repair mortar is enough, brick is used for deep cracks. How do you fill a hole that big in a wall? Better - cement mortar. Our action plan looks like this:

1. The surface is cleaned with a vacuum cleaner;
2. A gap is wetted with a brush or foam rubber;
3. Material is being prepared;
4. A large spatula for finishing plaster, putty, gypsum mortar - all this should already be at hand before sealing holes in a concrete wall;
5. The material is applied, undamaged places near the hole are smeared, leveled;
6. Processing with sandpaper, finishing material.

So, now you know the best way to close up holes in a large wall.

Through holes and crevices: how to fix a defect of such complexity

But how to close a hole in a wall of a through nature, this question is already more complicated. Naturally, work is carried out on both sides, but even in the absence of access from the outside, the problem can be eliminated without the help of specialists. The nature of the action is the same as patching holes in the usual wall, only a more extensive plan of action. And still need a drill.

Repair procedure

1. We mount strong, reliable dowels with screws deep into the wall - 4 pieces, this is the future support of the closing material;
2. We seal the gap with a stone or brick;
3. We strengthen the brick in the wall with a cement solution;
4. Further, the process is repeated, the previous works.

Some recommendations for putty
How to putty a hole in the wall is a simple question, but it should be given time. To perform work, it is more convenient to use wide and narrow spatulas - they cope well with problem areas. In case of large serious damage, stock up on reinforcing tape, it is covered with cement mortar until it becomes one with the wall. It will strengthen the deformed place and protect it from further destruction. Do not be tormented by the question: what is the best way to cover up holes in the wall, choose ordinary putty. A gauze cloth is applied to a damp wall, after a while it is already possible to putty, carefully, diligently rubbing into the hole.

What else can you do to fix a hole in the wall? A universal option is a concrete mixture, diluted in one part of cement, three of the same parts of sand are added. If desired, use plaster or repair mixture. Material is now sold everywhere. Dry powder, the main component of cement, is diluted according to the instructions with water and is ready to go. The composition of the material is strong and dense enough to seal large holes, cracks, cracks in the wall. You just need to wait for adhesion to the concrete surface.

It is not enough to know how to cover up holes in the wall, you need to approach the process correctly, with a desire and a special understanding that repair work does not tolerate marriage.

The most common problem inside and outside the premises is the appearance of holes and cracks, which can be conditionally divided into several types. It is about how to cover up a hole in the wall that we will talk about. Whatever the size of the hole, the preparatory process is always the same. If, they must be carefully cut near the damaged area. Clean all edges from plaster, whitewash or paint. In a word, get rid of everything that can fall off.

Small size hole

Small holes can result from a hammered nail, dowel, or other mechanical damage. It looks terrible and can harm the general, so it is necessary to close the gaps in a timely manner. To do this, you will need a metal spatula, a mixture, a screw, sandpaper and a vacuum cleaner. The sequence of work performed is as follows:

• Insert a suitable size screw into the hole and move it in all directions. You need to achieve expansion of the hole channels.
• Use a vacuum cleaner to remove the created dust.
• Apply the solution with a spatula, press it into the recess and level the surface.
• After complete drying, clean with sandpaper. Depending on what finishing material you have on the wall, seal the surface. If it can look rough, then apply an appliqué or something like that.

Alabaster or any kind of gypsum is used as a solution. You can also use cement with sand (in a ratio of 1: 3).

big hole

Such holes occur mainly after removing the socket box and other mechanical effects. They must be sealed immediately, since the structure of the overlap depends on the size of the gap. They are smeared with any gypsum solution. you will need all of the above, plus a piece of stone. The recess is cleaned with a vacuum cleaner and moistened with water to soak.

If the hole reaches 5 cm, then simply cover it with a solution, and after drying, coat it again, because the mixture cracks. Since it is more difficult to close a hole in a larger wall, you will first have to smear a thin layer of mortar, then put a piece of stone or brick on it inside and carefully cover it with plaster.

A finishing putty is applied over the sealed hole and. Next, it is skinned.

hole through

A through hole can appear from anywhere, for example, under the weight of household appliances or all kinds of lockers. Breaking off, they violate the integrity of the wall structure. Naturally, this needs to be sealed from both sides, but if you are not able to do this, then you can handle it one-sidedly.

The tools you need include a spatula, dowels with screws, an electric drill, bricks and, accordingly, the mortar itself.

Using an electric drill, you need to drill and install the four strongest dowels with screws into the hole. Thus, a support for the brick will appear so that it does not fall out to the other side. Stone or brick must be selected in the appropriate size so that it closes the hole tightly enough.

All this is strengthened only with cement mortar, made as we described above. Make sure that there are no gaps left, fill all the empty spaces with the mixture. Next, sand and cover with the necessary material.

Hole in drywall

To insulate the room, carry out soundproofing or simply align the walls. Unfortunately, this material does not withstand mechanical damage and most often cracks form on it. But, experts advise how to remove a hole in a drywall wall.

To begin with, draw a repair place with a pencil in the form of a regular rectangle. A ruler will help you with this. With a clerical knife or a hacksaw, cut all the damaged material clearly along these lines.

Then you need to cut a plank in the shape of a rectangle, but so that it is slightly narrower, but longer than the specified parameters. Mount a large screw as a handle, which must be removed at the end of the work. Insert the plank into the cut hole and press it against the back of the drywall, fix it with self-tapping screws.

A rectangle is cut out of a piece of drywall, strictly corresponding to the hole. We insert it into the hole and strengthen it with self-tapping screws, which must be screwed inward as deeply as possible. Then, we impose a reinforcing mesh and carefully rub it into the putty. After drying, we sand and apply another layer of putty, but already finishing.

Hole at the seams

As a rule, huge holes are found at the seams. They may appear at the time of removal of the plaster layer. By the way, remember the golden rule: everything that can be easily knocked down - remove it. Because sooner or later, but weak pieces of the wall will make themselves felt. These holes cannot be patched. Therefore, they close them in two ways:

1. The empty cavity is filled with fragments of brick and tightly cemented.
2. Mounting foam is poured into such a gap, which is able to adhere the cement floor very tightly.

cracks

Holes in the wall can occur if cracks are not covered for a long time, when they appear, the wall structure weakens. To prevent this, it is necessary to seal the cracks at their first appearance. To do this, the crack must be carefully cleared on all sides at an angle of forty-five degrees. Prime and coat generously.

Solutions for this are used different. Firstly, this is the same mixture that was kneaded for wall decoration, and secondly, these are various plasters and adhesive bases, which include cement.

But the most suitable material is sealant. It wins in that when it dries, it acquires a rubber consistency, therefore it has the ability to expand and contract, which is why new cracks do not appear on the wall.

Sealant is applied using a construction gun. Excess can be removed with a rubber or metal spatula. The only contraindication is silicone-based sealants, as they contain fatty substances that do not come into contact with paint and putty.

other methods

How to cover up a hole in the wall if the gap is narrow but deep? To do this, use mounting foam. The guide tube is inserted into the hole and the foam is launched. When it is completely dry, you need to apply a layer of putty.

A simpler, one might say, grandmother's method includes the use of an ordinary newspaper and adhesive tape. The newspaper is carefully rolled to the desired size and hammered into the slot, and the adhesive tape is glued on top. Then all this is leveled with finishing putty. For greater strength, you can glue another piece of adhesive plaster over the putty and putty again.

If the gap is very deep, fill it up to half with newspaper, and on top with any gypsum mortar. Now there are special repair compositions based on cement. They harden fairly quickly and are extremely durable.

The repair composition is used both for holes and for chips on the surface of the wall. The mixture is applied in several stages. This is an important condition, since the strength of the setting depends on this. Without fail, let's dry each new layer. At the end of the work, remove the excess and level the surface with a dampened spatula.

Concrete coatings are used in a wide variety of areas: in the installation of floors, concreting surfaces in both industrial and residential facilities, construction of highways and much more. However, concrete has a low tensile strength, so during the hardening process, the mixture shrinks slightly and the structures shrink. Because of this, small and more serious defects appear on the surface. In this case, it is required to seal cracks in concrete, which is carried out using different technologies, depending on the type of damage and the cause of its occurrence.

Types of cracks in concrete

Some novice or unscrupulous builders prefer to simply cover up a hole or any other defect with putty or mortar. However, before closing a hole or crack in a concrete wall and other foundations, it is worthwhile to figure out what exactly caused such troubles.

Defects are of several types:

• Surface. Such cracks often appear after pouring the foundation during the drying of the sand-cement mortar, if the mixture was prepared without observing the required proportions of the components, poor-quality components were used, or there was not enough water in the mixture.
• Shrinkage (also called hairline cracks). Defects of this type are considered the most dangerous, since they cause not only the deformation of the fundamental foundation, but also the entire building as a whole. This leads to a decrease in strength. Flaws of this type appear with an uneven load on the foundation and with the wrong selection of the cement composition.

• Temperature shrinkage. Cracks of this type appear during the hardening of the concrete base due to the exothermic reaction that occurs between cement and water. Very often, when erecting walls and ceilings, novice builders do not take into account the freedom of deformation, as a result of which thermal stress occurs in the concrete mass and defects appear on the surface.
• Cracks and holes that appear due to poor-quality reinforcement. If the frame to reinforce the structure is too weak, then it will sag under loads, which will also lead to the formation of defects. In addition, reinforcing rods may begin to oxidize. Due to the appearance of corrosion, the material increases in size, breaking the concrete mass from the inside.

Outdoor concrete surfaces are also prone to cracking. The external environment contains chemically active substances that create favorable conditions for the appearance of defects.

In addition, sharp temperature drops, which can occur both on the surface and in the very thickness of concrete, have a destructive effect. At the same time, not only cold air, but also ultraviolet radiation has a detrimental effect.

It is also worth paying attention to the width of the cracks, since in some cases such defects are not critical.

Permissible crack sizes

In the construction industry, there is such a definition as the permissible crack opening width, which is determined according to DBN V.2.6-98:2009 based on operating conditions:

• The size of cracks should not exceed 0.5 mm if the concrete surface is not exposed to weather conditions. That is, it is not affected by moisture, low temperatures and ultraviolet radiation.
• The allowable crack opening width may not exceed 0.4 mm, provided that the structure is exposed to the weather.
• The width of the crack should not exceed 0.3 mm if the concrete base is in an aggressive environment.
• Allowing the formation of gaps of more than 0.2 mm is not recommended when it comes to reinforced structures that are characterized by reduced resistance to corrosion.

Also considered harmless are horizontal cracks with a small opening, which often appear in reinforced concrete columns.

However, it is important to consider that there are certain operating conditions under which cracking is not allowed at all:

• if we are talking about reinforced concrete structures that constantly interact with liquids and gases (that is, they must be impermeable and airtight);
• when using structures that are subject to more stringent requirements for their durability.

Having determined the type of defect and the need to fix it, it is much easier to choose than to fill holes in a wall or any other concrete surface.

cement mortars

These compounds are very popular due to their low cost and the ability to repair minor shrinkage cracks in concrete.

Crack repair

Before proceeding with embedding, it is necessary to check the crack itself for the presence of chips around it. If there are any, then in the near future they can turn into holes, so it is imperative to eliminate all exfoliating pieces of concrete. After that you need:

• Perform stitching. To do this, using a chisel and a hammer, you need to walk along the entire length of the crack so that its depth is at least 5 mm. If necessary, you can use a spatula to create a recess.

• remove dust with a vacuum cleaner and rinse the cavity with water.
• Remove excess water and cover the crack with cement mortar (3 parts of sand per 1 part of cement with the addition of PVA). In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the composition covers the entire space of the recess.
• Moisten the poured cement with water.

hole patching

If a hole has formed in the concrete surface, in which reinforcement is visible, then the defect can be repaired as follows:

• Clean the hole in the concrete and treat its surface with an anti-corrosion compound.
• Lay pieces of steel wire with a diameter of about 4 mm in the recess.
• After that, the recess is covered with a primer, evenly applying it to the entire surface. In this case, the thickness of the layer of the mixture should be about 3 mm.
• Without waiting for the mixture to dry, fill the depression with cementitious concrete cracking compound and make sure that it fills the entire depression. If the hole is too deep, then the cement is poured in several stages. In addition, each subsequent layer must be moistened with water from a spray bottle.
• Level the surface with a lath (metal or wood) by moving the tool from right to left.

• After the mixture has hardened, the excess cement composition must be removed with a spatula and the surface must be plastered. If the crack was too deep, then leveling is done with a grinder.

Healthy! The cement composition must be poured with a margin so that it is slightly above the floor surface. The mixture will shrink as it cools.

After 24 hours, the concrete floor can be painted or any finishing material can be laid on it.

However, it should be borne in mind that such sealing of cracks in concrete will not give a sealing effect and is not suitable for surfaces that are subject to increased requirements for waterproofing. In addition, the cement composition can be considered as a temporary solution to problems. Sooner or later defects will appear again. If you want to “majorly patch” holes and avoid their appearance in the future, then in this case you can repair defects with resins, specialized repair compounds based on them or sealant.

Long-term repair of defects

When deciding how to repair cracks in concrete for a long time, you should pay attention to this method of processing defects. Resin and mixtures for embedding based on it are suitable for the restoration of screeds, blind areas and various concreted areas or horizontal surfaces.

Repairing cracks in concrete using such compounds has several advantages. First of all, this is the cheapness of the mixtures, as well as their quick drying. On the other hand, the resin allows you to securely fix the seams and keep them from further increase.

So, to eliminate defects, you will need to prepare:

• angle grinder and diamond-coated discs;
• vacuum cleaner;
• spatulas and a trough for diluting the composition;
• primer for concrete;
• Epoxy (base A and hardener B);
• Fine-grained sifted sand.

Before you close the crack, you need to clean it from dust and dirt. After that, we perform the termination in the following sequence:

• We make crack jointing. In this case, the width of the resulting recess must be at least 5 mm.
• With the help of a grinder, we cut transverse seams in concrete with a step of 400 mm (the length of the grooves is about 100-150 mm).
• We remove the loose layer of concrete and dedust the surface with a vacuum cleaner.
• We treat the surface of the defect with a primer, and fix the transverse grooves with repair brackets.
• We prepare a solution of resin (base), hardener and sand according to the instructions on the package with the composition.
• We close the defect with the resulting mixture and quickly level the surface, since the setting time of the resin is only 10 minutes.

The best epoxy compounds

If we talk about the best materials for repairing cracks in concrete walls and other surfaces, then the most effective today are:

• Epoxy resin of domestic production ED-16 and ED-20 costing about 2,000 per 3 kg. The hardener will have to be bought separately (it costs about 300-500 rubles).
• Epoxy 520 resin from the Czech manufacturer Spolchemie worth 3,500 rubles per 5 kg.
• German composition UZIN KR 416, which will cost 2,700 rubles for 0.75 kg.

Also, compositions from the Italian manufacturer Sika are very popular.

However, it should be borne in mind that this method of correcting defects is not suitable for processing holes that form in concrete bases that are under strong pressure from water. In this case, it is worth using a sealant.

Use of sealants and self-expanding tapes

It should be said right away that this method of repairing defects is very expensive, so it is most often used in the repair of concrete bowls of suburban pools. However, despite its high cost, the use of sealant and self-expanding cords has its own advantages:

• the possibility of processing a defect of any type;
• complete tightness;
• the possibility of carrying out installation work in cold weather conditions.

For work, in addition to the standard set of tools, you will need:

• mounting gun;
• self-expanding tape or cord;
• chisel and brushes;
• concrete sealant.

However, before you cover up the flaw, you need to measure the dimensions of the cracks and purchase the right type of sealant and tapes, depending on this. For example, if the hole is 60 mm deep, then an 18 x 23 mm cord will do.

Not the next step is necessary:

• Expand cracks and remove dust from them.
• Install the cord in the recess.
• Fill the remaining space with sealant.
• Smooth out the protruding composition with a spatula.

After completing the work, you do not have to guess how to putty the surface or caulk it. It is enough just to apply the composition and level it.

If we talk about the best compositions of this type, then the most popular are:

• Domestic ELASTOSIL PU 20 worth 280 rubles per 600 ml.
• Composition from the French manufacturer Rubberflex, which today is sold at a price of 300 rubles per 310 ml.
• Tape PLUG Russian production cost about 260 rubles per linear meter.

injection

Also, when deciding how to seal holes in a concrete wall in the most effective way, especially if not only a crack has appeared, but water also flows through it, you should pay attention to this method.

Injection technology involves the introduction of a special composition (polyurethane or epoxy resin, microcement or waterproofing mixture) into the thickness of the concrete using special injection pumps that create strong pressure.

To perform such restoration of defects, it is necessary:

• Make holes in a checkerboard pattern on both sides of the gap.
• Install packers in them (special tubes through which the solution is supplied resemble a dowel) at an angle.

• Pour in the solution.
• Pull out the tubes and cover the surface with building compound.

So, we looked at how to fix a hole in a concrete wall on our own, but what if we are talking about aerated concrete?

Features of sealing cracks in aerated concrete

Cracks in aerated concrete are formed as often as in conventional cement-sand monoliths. To close them, work is performed in the following sequence:

• A layer of collapsed building material is removed from the wall or any other aerated concrete surface and dust and dirt are cleaned.
• The gap is primed. For this, it is recommended to use a 50% aqueous dispersion of PVA and water (ratio 1:3).
• Cracks are sealed depending on their dimensions. If the damage is single and its width does not exceed 0.4 mm, then the gap is expanded to 10 mm and any building compound is poured into it (cement or special glue for aerated concrete can be used). If the width of the defect is up to 10 mm, then it is better to use a porous adhesive for sealing and widen the gap to 20 mm. In the event of a defect up to 20 mm wide, it is recommended to use an adhesive or cement composition, after adding coarse-grained crushed stone from aerated concrete to it.

After completing the work, it is necessary to close the treated surface with a plywood sheet (fix with self-tapping screws) for 3-5 hours.

Before performing any finishing work, surfaces need careful preparation. After removing the old coating, the next step in the preparatory phase will be to seal holes and cracks in the base. Depending on the type of base and the type of defect, different repair compounds, tools and methods of elimination are used. We will tell you how to close a hole in a concrete ceiling, since most often the problem is faced by owners of apartments with concrete floors.

Technology for sealing holes in a concrete ceiling

If a large hole in the ceiling, cracks in the ceiling surface or gaps between the walls and floor slabs prevent further finishing work, then different materials and tools are used to eliminate the defect. First, a suitable mixture is selected taking into account its characteristics, the location of the defect, and its area.

Important! To repair defects in the ceiling surface, putties, mounting foam or repair mortars are used.

There are several types of putty compositions:

1. cement mixtures made from cement. They are suitable for sealing holes in concrete structures indoors and outdoors. The solution has high strength, moisture resistance, but dries for a long time. Since the mixture is not very plastic, the repaired surface is often covered with small cracks. Therefore, the ceiling needs finishing puttying with a different composition.
2. If you don't know how to fix a big hole in the ceiling, give preference to gypsum mixtures. They are plastic, superimposed in a thick layer and do not crack. However, gypsum is afraid of moisture and temperature changes, therefore it is only suitable for work in a dry, heated room.
3. Acrylic putties are not afraid of dampness and give a flat surface. Used as a finishing layer. However, acrylic compounds are applied only in a thin layer, so they are not suitable for sealing significant defects. Another disadvantage of this solution is the high price.

Advice! For small cracks, a finishing composition is suitable, and gypsum or cement mixtures are used to eliminate deep holes and defects.

No matter how good putties are, they are not suitable for sealing through holes, because they do not allow them to achieve the necessary tightness. In this case, mounting foam will help.

It adheres well to concrete bases and can be of two types:

• two-component (used only with a special mixer);
• one-component (applied without prior mixing).

Due to the fact that the foam significantly increases in volume after leaving the cylinder, all holes and cracks in the concrete ceiling are densely filled with the mixture. The mass quickly hardens, providing the necessary density of the repaired area. The disadvantage of foam is its possible shrinkage. It is convenient to fill narrow deep holes with foam, since the mass is supplied under high pressure.

Repair mortars are also suitable for sealing large defects. Their advantages are high adhesion to the concrete surface, frost resistance, durability and mechanical strength. The compositions are distinguished by the stability of their characteristics at any operating temperatures. Some mixtures have antiseptic properties. Usually use a solution of sand and cement in a ratio of 3 to 1.

In addition to a suitable composition, you will need the following tools and fixtures:

• ladder or scaffold;
• sandpaper or grinder;
• narrow spatula;
• vacuum cleaner;
• paint brush;
• polyethylene film for floor and furniture protection;
• screwdriver;
• a piece of cotton fabric;
• silicone sealant;
• antiseptic primer (if there is a fungus);
• primer;
• knife or long nail;
• sickle ribbon;
• brush;
• strengthening impregnation of deep penetration.

The choice of certain necessary tools from the list is made according to the instructions for sealing each type of holes, cracks and cracks in the ceiling surface. Depending on the type of ceiling defect, different compositions and methods of elimination are used. Now let's talk about how to cover up a hole in the ceiling, which was formed as a result of falling plaster, at the junction of the ceiling and wall surfaces, between floor slabs or near heating risers.

Ceiling and wall joint

The joints between the ceiling and walls are usually filled with mortar or plaster, but over time it can collapse and sleep out of the seam.

In this case, to fix the defect, do the following:

1. Using a screwdriver, knife or nail, expand the hole all the way. It should be at least 0.5-1 cm wide.
2. After that, the gap is well cleaned of dust and debris with a brush or vacuum cleaner.
3. A deep penetrating primer is applied with a brush. For these purposes, you can use the composition Betonkontakt.
4. Using a spatula, acrylic or gypsum putty is applied to the hole. A sickle is pressed into the unhardened surface of the putty so that a right angle is formed between the ceiling and wall surfaces. The tape is leveled with a spatula and covered with a thin layer of putty.
5. After the solution dries, the surface is polished.

Falling off plaster

A defect often appears after flooding by neighbors from above, the spread of mold, or a violation of the plastering technology. Usually, the problem is eliminated by applying a layer of putty into the resulting recess. But this way is not the best.

For high-quality alignment and prevention of further peeling of the plaster, do the following:

1. If a fungus has become the cause of the finish falling off, then the surface is pre-treated with antiseptic impregnation. Instead of impregnation, you can use chlorine bleach.
2. The primer is then applied to the hole and the surfaces around it. It will strengthen the materials and improve adhesion to the putty mortar.
3. The hole is puttied in several layers, followed by drying of each of them.
4. After the mixture has dried, the ceiling is sanded and coated with a reinforcing primer.

Crack at the panel joint

Slots and cracks between floor slabs are not uncommon in any apartment.

To deal with them, do the following:

1. With a spatula and a hammer, all existing seam sealing is removed. The cement composition is broken with a hammer and pulled out in parts.
2. The resulting gap is cleaned of debris and dust with a dry brush (vacuum cleaner) and a primer is applied with a brush. If necessary, the primer can be reapplied.
3. After that, the seam is puttied with a cement or gypsum mixture. A serpentine tape is laid on the dry solution and is well pressed into the mixture with a spatula. The surface is smoothed so that the sickle is hidden under a layer of mortar. Sometimes for this the seam has to be puttied again with a thin layer.
4. After drying, the surface is ground and another layer of primer is applied.

If the plates lie very tightly to each other, and there is practically no gap, then they act differently. Cracked plaster is removed. A primer Betonkontakt is applied to the seam and surfaces 5-10 cm away from it. After that, a thin layer of putty mixture is applied, the sickle is laid on top and pressed in, puttyed again. After drying, sand and prime.

Holes near risers

Before you close up a hole in the ceiling near the pipe, you need to figure out the cause of its appearance and eliminate it. Usually this defect appears after the replacement of risers, as a result of pipe leaks, due to the collection of condensate or cyclic heating. All these effects lead to the gradual destruction of the solution and its shedding.

Small blind holes near the heating risers are sealed with silicone sealant. The method is suitable for holes with a depth of no more than 0.5 cm. This plastic material will not prevent the thermal expansion of pipes. In addition, silicone can withstand high temperatures, which is important near heating and hot water risers.

To close holes of considerable size, you need to know how to foam a hole in the ceiling with mounting foam.

Follow this sequence of work:

1. First of all, the hole is reinforced. To do this, a metal mesh or wooden slats fit into it.
2. After that, the foam is applied in several stages. After each application, wait a few minutes to allow the mixture to expand and fill any voids.
3. After the mounting foam has completely dried, its surface is cut off so that the level is 5 mm higher than the ceiling surface.
4. The recess with foam is puttied. For rooms with normal humidity, gypsum compositions are used, and for places with high humidity, acrylic putty is suitable.
5. When the mortar dries, the surface is sanded and primed.