How to make a cover for a well. Self-construction of a cover for a well

The water in the well should always be clean, in winter - not to freeze, and in summer - to remain cool. To do this, the well shaft is covered with a lid. It can be solid or double - with the presence of the main open part and a closing hatch. In any case, the design is not difficult to manufacture independently. Do-it-yourself well cover is most often made of wood, metal, plastic, concrete. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the most important characteristics of a reliable well cover, as well as with the manufacturing technology of several similar "models".

The lid for the well must be strong and durable. In addition, it is desirable that it "fit" the style of the well and fit into the garden design.

A well without a lid will quickly turn into a sump with dirty water. Why? Because garbage, dust, various small animals (toads, mice, snakes, etc.) will freely enter the well and “muddy” the water. The lid will help maintain the quality of drinking water - dense, without gaps, made of moisture-resistant materials.

Another functional feature of a good lid is to keep the temperature of the water within acceptable limits for consumption. The water in the well should always be cool, both in winter and in summer. If the well is located in a region with frosty winters, it would be advisable to use an insulated cover. This will prevent the water from freezing and becoming unusable.

If you have children in your family, you should take care of secure fixation and tight locking of the lid with a lock or deadbolt. The material of the surface must be durable and support the weight of several children - in case they decide to play on it.

To draw water, the lid will have to be lifted regularly. Therefore, it is necessary to provide comfortable handles in the design. In some covers, skids are installed to shift to the side.

The wooden lid does not rise, but moves to the side

Option 1. The simplest wooden lid-shield

This is the simplest protective structure, which is a square or round board shield. Despite its simplicity, a wooden cover can look quite decorative, and, with proper processing with paints and varnishes, serve for at least 5 years.

The degree of decorativeness of a wooden cover-shield depends on the paint and varnish coating and correctly selected “accessories”: handles, locks, etc.

Necessary materials:

• boards, thickness 20 mm, width 150 mm (it is better to use birch, oak, alder, linden wood);
• sealant for wood;
• bars 40x40 mm - 3 pcs.;
• metal handles;
• nails;
• bolts;
• drying oil, stain, varnish or paint.

Working process:

1. A shield is knocked down from the boards. To do this, boards are stuffed into two bars, placing them tightly to each other. The length of the bars should be equal to the width of the shield.

The lid should completely cover the well hatch, so the number of boards is selected depending on its size.

2. As a stiffening rib, a third beam is diagonally stuffed between two bars (on the wrong side of the shield).

3. The shield is polished, chamfered with a planer. If you want the lid to be round, cut the shield with a grinder.

4. There should be no gaps in the wooden cover for the well. Therefore, the gaps between the boards are sealed with a special sealant. In addition, it will play the role of a damper and compensate for the seasonal deformations of wood (in spring and autumn, wood expands, in summer and winter it narrows). Instead of sealant, you can cover the gaps with thin strips of strips from the inside of the shield.

5. The cover is covered with oil paint. For a more decorative option, do the following: a layer of drying oil is applied to the wood, then 2 layers of stain of the selected tone (the tones “bog oak”, “mahogany” look especially noble). To add even more gloss to the lid, you can cover the surface with a layer of matte or shiny varnish.

The dark cover, covered with a bog oak stain, looks noble

6. This decorative cover is not attached to the well. It is laid on the head and, if necessary, lifted entirely. To do this, metal handles are attached to its front side.

Metal door handles can be purchased at hardware and hardware stores.

Option #2. Double wooden lid

This lid consists of a fixed part and two flaps. The fixed part is a round or square shield with a hatch in the center. The hatch is equipped with two wings fixed on long hinges. The flaps easily open outward when water is drawn in and access to the water intake equipment is required.

The flaps of such a cover are conveniently closed with a lock. This is especially true in suburban areas and in families with children.

For manufacturing you need:

• boards, thickness 20 mm;
• bars 40x40 mm - 4 pcs.;
• bars 20x20 mm - 4 pcs.;
• metal handles - 2 pcs.;
• loops - 4 pcs.;
• bolts;
• nails;
• sealant for wood;
• drying oil, paints and varnishes.

Execution technology:

1. Boards are hammered on two bars 40x40 mm. Boards of different lengths are used so that a rectangular hole is formed in the center - a hatch. The shield bars should fall on the lower and upper sides of the hatch. Two more bars are additionally nailed along the side walls.

2. Two small shields are knocked together from boards and bars 20x20 mm. These will be the flaps for closing the hatch.

3. The flaps are hung on hinges and fixed on the side walls of the hatch.

4. Metal handles are bolted to the doors.

5. The seams between the boards are covered with sealant

6. In order to make the wood water-resistant, the surface of the lid is impregnated with drying oil. After drying, paint, stain or varnish is applied.

Option #3. Lid with metal frame

The opening cover on a metal framework. It consists of a fixed lower part, attached to the head of the well. The upper, moving part is made of a metal frame sheathed with plastic - textolite.

Such a cover can be used to protect a well or a manhole.

Lid assembly materials:

• metal corners;
• metal profile pipes with a square section;
• metal tape 4-5 cm wide;
• textolite sheet;
• loops;
• sealant for metal;
• dye.

Stages of work:

1. The corners are cut into 4 pieces of the required length. The ends are cut at a 45 degree angle. Connect them into a square, grabbing the ends by welding along the inside and outside of the corners. Welding is cleaned with a grinder. Get a square frame - for the fixed part of the cover.

2. Assemble a second frame of the same dimensions - for the closing part of the lid.

3. Profile pipes are cut, laid out inside the upper frame along the perimeter of the frame (at the corners) and crosswise. Metal parts are fastened by welding, the seams are cleaned with a grinder and coated with a primer.

Frame for the top, opening part of the lid

4. Two plates are cut out of textolite according to the size of the upper frame. They are fixed with screws on both sides of the frame. If necessary, insulation is placed inside the cover between the layers of textolite insulation: foam, basalt wool, etc.

5. Bend the metal tape, giving it the shape of a concrete head.

6. Proceed to the manufacture of the lower part of the cover. Outside the well head, according to the size of the cover (metal frame), formwork is installed from the boards. The lower frame is fixed on the formwork. A metal tape is laid along the diameter of the head.

7. Concrete mortar is poured into the space between the formwork and the metal tape of the head.

8. The connection of the fixed and movable parts of the cover is carried out using two loops.

9. A metal handle is bolted to the textolite surface.

10. 2 layers of enamel are applied to the metal parts of the cover and the concrete surface.

Option #4. Concrete cover

A well made of concrete rings, without decoration, is usually covered with a heavy concrete lid. You can make such a cover on the well both in the form of a solid plate, and with a hatch hole.

We propose to consider the process of manufacturing a concrete cover with a square hatch (dimensions 700x700 mm), which, during operation, is closed with a plastic, metal or wooden door. You can do it differently: leave the lid with the hole as it is, and build a brick “house” or a wooden frame on top.

Such concrete covers can be made with your own hands.

To make the cover, prepare:

• cement;
• sand;
• reinforcing mesh;
• film, boards - for formwork.

Manufacturing process:

1. Formwork is being prepared. They dig a round hole 10 cm deep. Its diameter should match the diameter of the concrete rings of the well. The bottom and walls of the pit are lined with plastic wrap. Since the lid will not be solid, but with a hatch, a wooden formwork made of boards is installed in the center of the pit. To do this, four boards 700 mm long are fastened together in the form of a square.

The formwork is made of a dense film and a wooden square, knocked together from boards

2. Mix the concrete solution.

3. Pour the solution into the formwork with a layer of 5 cm.

4. Lay a reinforcing mesh in a fresh solution.

5. Pour concrete to the edges of the pit.

Concrete hardens for 3-4 days, after which the cover can be used

6. After 3-4 days, the concrete cover is freed from the film and installed on the well. The resulting seams between the lid and the concrete rings are sealed with cement mortar.

The concrete cover has a significant weight, therefore it is securely held on the well rings. It's hard to move it!

7. The hatch is closed with a metal, plastic or wooden door.

Option #5. Plywood well cover

Another modification of the well cover is presented in the video below. It clearly demonstrates the design of an opening plywood lid, describes the main stages of its production.

It has always been believed that strong and reliable covers are an integral part of all underground structures and communications that simultaneously perform many main functions. This is the prevention of various pollution, reliable protection in case of precipitation, as well as just an element of decoration in different areas.

Before you make a cover for a well, you need to familiarize yourself with the materials that are used for these purposes.

Requirements for a well roof

It is necessary to sheathe the roof of the well according to the rules and they should be followed.

Let's get to know them:

• The roof of the well should not be made of heavy material.
• Remember that in cold weather there will also be an additional load in the form of snow on it. Therefore, it must be firmly fixed. The base must be made of durable material;
• The roof of the well in its dimensions should be larger than the well itself and overlap its contour;
• For manufacturing, it is better to use waterproof materials. This design will also be affected by a humid environment, which will fall in the form of rain and evaporation from the well itself.

Manhole Cover Materials

There are various options for using a variety of materials. One of them is wooden bars, from which you can make a wooden cover for the well yourself.

wooden lid

In the old days, wells were covered with ordinary wooden houses, which greatly protected against moisture, and also served well in storing buckets. Now that there are many ways to make a wooden lid, the manufacturing process itself has become much less time consuming and costly.

So, what materials you may need:

• About 6 pieces of wood blocks
• hewn boards
• Various roofing materials
• Steel. Must be stainless
• Mounts and hinges.

Note. The cover for a well made of wood, for the most part, has a special aesthetic appearance, and it is not difficult to make it yourself.

Let's look at the main steps in the manufacture of wooden lids:

• Taking measurements created
• Cutting corners into 4 equal parts, as well as profile pipes
• Attachment to the main frame of the lid, using hinges
• Formwork manufacturing (see) and its cementing

How to fill the well cover:

• There is nothing difficult in this. A formwork is formed from an ordinary board and poured with either concrete or cement.
• Further, it is necessary to attach the poured formwork structure to the main frame with a lid and cover it with a layer of ordinary concrete or cement mortar.
• If desired, you can fix the handle on the outside so that the lid is convenient to use. Everything, the lid on the wooden well is ready.

There is also such a type of material for the manufacture of covers for wells, such as polyurethane.

What are the benefits of a polyurethane lid?

The material itself is distinguished by its special density and reliability, it is high in volume, and also has the ability to withstand huge loads of about 200 kilograms.

The main advantages of polyurethane caps:

• Affordable material price.
• The material is lightweight and waterproof.
• A variety of colors.
• Excellent material for insulation.

Carrying out work:

• Inside the polyurethane structure there are stiffening ribs, it is they that make it possible to withstand massive loads.
• If you correctly and functionally process the outer surface of the cover, then the structure itself will last for many years.
• It is still desirable to paint the upper surface of the polyurethane, but before that, either with a spray gun or with an ordinary brush, apply a couple of layers of a conventional primer, and only then paint.
• If you withstand all the stages of manufacturing, then the product will serve you for more than one year.

Note. A worthy replacement for cast-iron covers for wells was polymer. Polymer covers differ significantly from other types.

The main advantages of polymer covers for wells:

• The cost is an order of magnitude lower than
• Ease of construction, in most cases for this reason they put a mounting lock
• Variety of colors

A polymer well cover is an excellent choice for people living in private homes. It will not be difficult to install such a cover on your own, but a correctly written instruction for the installation and operation of this type of material will help in this.
The photos attached to the instructions will greatly facilitate its installation.

Metal cover

In summer cottages and suburban areas, in recent years, more and more often you can find metal structures made of durable steel that cover sewer manholes.

Design features:

• A distinctive feature of such structures is a small height above ground level, which makes them more dangerous for all residents of the house. For this reason, a metal well cover made of durable steel is considered a more reliable option.
• For self-production of such a design, work begins with the installation of a metal frame.
• It may be a rectangular profile. Next, the grinder needs to cut the necessary blanks, and then connect them to the corners of the frame with a welding machine. Then a metal ring is bent and welded to each side of the prefabricated structure.
• At the next stage, the remaining space between the frame and the ring is poured with a cement mixture. In order to visually view the material received, we recommend watching the video in this article.

Advice. There should be a cover on top, that is, protection from all kinds of weather precipitation. In theory, an ordinary wooden shield can also serve as it, but in reality, it will not be able to fulfill its protective functions, and it will also not always be able to fit into the decor of the yard.

Cast iron covers

As you know, cast iron has good casting qualities; a lot of cast structures are created from it. In addition, cast iron is much cheaper than steel. Therefore, to date, a cast-iron cover for wells has become one of the most successful options for protection when installing a drain.

The main characteristics of cast iron surfaces:

• Ability to withstand heavy loads.
• Possesses the increased anticorrosive qualities.
• Long service life.
• Huge margin of hardness and strength

The modern building materials market offers various types of materials for sewer manholes and wells, due to which cast-iron covers have faded into the background a bit. The replacement of cast-iron lids with modern materials is also caused by increased cases of theft.
But at the same time, only a cast-iron well cover can withstand heavy loads up to 25 tons.

If you have your own well, it is very important to make every effort to keep the water clean. In winter, it should not freeze, and in the hot season remain cool. This task is best handled by a plastic well cover. The hatch for the well of a country house can be double or solid. Double are a design of a closing hatch and an open part.

A cover for a well with your own hands is a simple thing and everyone can do it. Various materials can be used for this purpose. But most often the lid on the well with your own hands is made of wood, metal, plastic or concrete. If you really want, you can make a decorative cover. In our article, we will talk about what reliable hatches for wells are, and also consider a description of a step-by-step guide, which ones are, how you can independently make a similar design for a drainage well.

Plastic cover for well

Floating lids have unique characteristics. You don't see them very often. It is quite difficult to make such structures on your own. Plastic hatches are much more common. Their disadvantage lies in their low strength, but they do not react with moisture, therefore, with thrifty operation, they can serve for a very long time.

What is a well cover

The main purpose of this design is to protect against the ingress of solid household waste, sand, stones, melt and rainwater. Often animals also get in (hence not only the turbidity of the water, but also an unpleasant smell). Concrete manholes are widely used for drainage wells.

The plastic lid on the well keeps the water clean. It is dense, there are no cracks, it does not lend itself to corrosion processes and moisture. The main thing when choosing a material is its strength to mechanical stress and resistance to moisture. One of the excellent materials is reinforced concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete covers. They must maintain the temperature of the water suitable for consumption regardless of the time of year.

In the case of living in regions with severe frosts, the well floor slab must be insulated. This is necessary in order to prevent freezing of water, which becomes unusable.

well cover

If you have children, it is better to use concrete well covers or those with secure fixing and locking. Well covers had to be strong enough to support the weight of more than one child. This is for when they choose this place to play and want to look inside.

When taking water, there must be a handle made so that you can easily open the hatches of the wells. Skids can be installed on concrete covers. This is provided because the design is heavy and it is unlikely to be easy to lift, much easier to push.

Types of covers for a drainage well and for water intake

The simplest are wooden lids. The instructions for creating them are very simple. They are a shield made of wood, square or round in shape. You can often find decorative covers made of this material. To do this, you will additionally need to hide the surface with paints and varnishes. This will not only improve the appearance, but also extend their service life by several years.

In order for the decorative cover on the well to turn out to be durable, beautiful, and most importantly, to be able to perform its functions, we need boards with a thickness of at least 20 mm. Their width should be approximately 150 mm. It is best to get a wooden cover for a well if you use birch, oak, linden or alder boards. In addition, we will need to seal well with the help of bars, install metal handles. The structure must be fixed with nails and bolts. From above we hide paints and varnishes. Manhole hatches are very rarely found in wood. For this, more durable materials are used. Cast iron hatches for manholes are more common.

Roof scheme for a well

The first thing to do is to shoot down the shield. To do this, boards are nailed to two bars. You need to knock down very tightly so that there are no gaps. It is necessary to select the bars so that they correspond to the width of the shield. To achieve the desired rigidity, we nail another one diagonally between the bars.

The design must be carefully sanded, with the help of a planer we remove the chamfers. With the help of a grinder, you can make a round lid or any other shape.

No matter how tightly the boards are nailed to each other, there will still be gaps. To fix this, we use a sealant with which we close it. In addition, the sealant will not allow seasonal deformations of the wood. If there is no sealant, thin slats can be used instead, which we attach from the inside.

Then we need to carefully hide the cover with paint. Oil is best. If you want to give nobility, you can still hide the tree from above with drying oil, stain and varnish.

The advantage and disadvantage of this overlap of the well is that there is no way to fix it. Significantly simplifies the manufacturing process, but reduces the level of security. You need to lift the entire structure using metal handles.

Another type of wooden well cover is double. At the heart of this design is a fixed part and two doors. In the center of the fixed shield there is a hatch on which the wings are fixed with hinges. If necessary, water intake, such doors can be very easily opened to the outside. Water intake equipment is also easily accessible.

decorative well cover

To make such a hatch on the well, we need the same materials as for the previous model. But additional loops will be needed. Also, the manufacturing technology is not very different. But when hammering boards into bars, it is necessary to make a hole in the center. You need to make two wooden shields that will serve as flaps for closing. We attach metal handles to them with the help of bolts. We seal the holes between the boards with sealant. To extend the service life and improve the appearance, we use paints and varnishes that hide the surface.

Wooden options are one of the easiest options on how to make a do-it-yourself well cover.

Manholes for manholes are made of metal, the material is used for drainage, due to its strength.

Most often, a polymer construction is used in the equipment of a drainage well. Almost all types of such structures have a lid that opens on the frame. The lower part is fixed, while the upper part opens. The frame can be not only made of metal, but also plastic.

A metal cover for a well can be made independently, but provided that you have all the necessary parts and have the skills. We will need metal corners, square pipes, metal tape, plastic, hinges, hermetic material and paint products.

A concrete well cover is an option when durability, reliability and decorative finishing are required. Such well floor slabs are heavy, durable (they can withstand heavy weight and strong mechanical stress).

You can independently make such a well overlap, you can make it in the form of a monolithic slab or make a hole in the center. Wells will be reliably protected from foreign objects. Parents can be sure that children will certainly not be able to push the lid and look down.

The process of making such a design is simple and does not require any special skills from you. The main thing is the presence of all the necessary components of the future cover. It can be with a square, round hole or any other shape you want. If desired, additional plastic covers for wells, wooden or metal are used. Some people want to give a more noble look and make a brick house or a wooden structure in the form of a log house on top.

To make a concrete cover on our own, we need cement, sand, a mesh of reinforcement, boards.

To prepare the formwork, you need to dig a shallow hole. You need to understand that the diameter must be in accordance with the size of the rings. At the bottom we lay a film of polyethylene. If you want to make it with a hole, we install the formwork in the middle and prepare the mortar.

The prepared solution must be poured with a layer of no more than 5 cm. Then we put a mesh of reinforcement, and top up the solution to the brim. After a few days, when the concrete hardens, it can be installed in place. If the lid has a hole, close it with a door.

The well shaft must be closed. This is necessary so that debris, precipitation, pollutants from the surface do not get into the water. In winter, it is important to close the well so that the water does not freeze. Previously, for this purpose, beautiful wooden houses were installed above the well. In addition to performing purely utilitarian functions, they served as decoration for the site. Some owners still consider the house a beautiful and practical addition to the well, while others prefer more convenient and smaller covers. How to close the well? Is it possible to make a cover with your own hands?

Wooden house for a well: neat, stylish and beautiful

How to protect water in a well

Most often, covers are needed for shaft-type wells. The structures can be on special props, or they can be made in the form of simple hatches that protect the mines from debris and precipitation.

The most popular lid materials

They are made from the following materials:

• Metal

Metal structures are strong and durable. For their manufacture, sheet metal with a thickness of 2 mm is suitable. So that the owners do not have problems with access to water, the structures are equipped with a convenient handle. You can buy a ready-made cover or make your own. Both industrial and home-made covers must be primed and treated with an anti-corrosion compound on both sides. In addition to the functional element - the handle, metal forged ornaments can be welded to the lid.

• Plastic

Polymer lids are lightweight, comfortable and durable. They are produced by industrial enterprises. On the neck of the well, the products are fixed with the help of fasteners, which are included in the package of protective structures. This is a great option for wells with plastic rings.

• Concrete

Concrete covers are made by pouring mortar into a special mold. In order for the finished product to be durable and serve for many years, a reinforcing mesh is laid. The thickness of the cover is about 5 cm. To prevent crumbling of the material at the edges, the side parts are covered with sheet metal.

• Wood

Wooden well covers have been used for centuries. They are knocked down from small boards. For the manufacture of such a structure, well-dried wood is used. The finished product should be painted or varnished.

Plastic lids are practical and look great

Design features of well covers

Protective structures for wells are made in the form of a shield or hatch. Wooden shields are very convenient and easy to manufacture. They are knocked down from boards, nailed diagonally from below to strengthen the structure. To protect the shields from decay, they are painted on both sides. Shield covers usually do not look very presentable, so they can be additionally decorated with drawings, decorative handles, etc.

Manhole covers are single and double. They consist of two functional parts - a fixed base-shield and the lid itself. The base is made of wood, concrete or welded from metal. The hatch doors are hung on long loops.

Concrete covers can be either in the form of a solid slab or a slab with a hatch. Structures of the first type are very difficult to move due to their large weight, so slabs with hatches are much more practical, although somewhat more difficult to manufacture. Hatches can be wooden and metal.

Concrete well cover with a hole for the hatch

How to make a simple DIY wooden lid

For the construction of the structure you need durable wood. You can use oak, elm, aspen, pine. The dimensions and shape of the lid depend on the type of well neck and the personal preferences of the owner. The number of boards is calculated depending on the size of the structure. In addition to the boards, we need hinges, hinges, bars. Of the tools you will need screwdrivers, a hammer, a hacksaw.

How to make a shield cover

First of all, make a crate. It should correspond to the size of the neck of the well. The crate is knocked down from the bars, then boards are stuffed onto it. A bar is nailed diagonally across the lid.

As a handle, you can use wooden bars stuffed one on top of the other. However, it is better to purchase a ready-made handle of industrial production: it will be more convenient to use and look better.

The gaps between the boards must be treated with sealant. After that, the lid is treated with drying oil and painted.

Homemade manhole cover

To create a fixed base, boards are stuffed onto the bars so that a rectangular hole remains in the center. This will be the hatch. Bars are attached to the side walls.

The hatch doors are made according to the same principle as the base - by stuffing the boards onto the bars.

The finished sashes are hung on hinges on the side walls of the hatch. Handles are attached to them with bolts. After that, it remains only to seal the joints and paint the structure.

A lock can be hung on the finished cover to protect the well from hooligans and intruders. But this is optional. Each owner decides for himself whether locking mechanisms are needed.

Double wooden lid: close and insulate the well

If a double design is planned, then two identical covers should be made. The first is then fixed at the bottom of the neck, and the second at the top. This version of the protective structure ensures that neither foreign objects nor precipitation get into the water.

A double cover is ideal if the owner wants to insulate the well for the winter. In this case, straw or other insulation is placed between the top and bottom covers. Thermal insulation is mandatory for wells located in regions with severe winters. At temperatures below -20 degrees, the wells freeze.

Wooden covers for wells - options

Is it worth installing a canopy or a house for a well

When the well is already covered with a new cover, it can be decorated by making a roof canopy or a closed house. The design of the roof can be chosen at your discretion - single or gable, flat, sloping, round. To make the decorative roof look “like a real one”, it can be trimmed with tiles or metal tiles.

The roof and house serve as additional protection from rain and snow. Installing even the simplest canopy can protect the well cover from getting wet in the rain and extend its life. This is not just an original decoration, but a completely functional design element.

Well with a wooden cover and a canopy decorated with carvings

After installing the cover, it remains only to take care of the decor. Very interesting options for decorating a well in ethnic style - straw, vines, wooden carvings. You can use a decorative wooden structure - a crane. The decoration with fresh flowers looks interesting: flowerpots with weaving plants are installed near the well, which braid the source. Do not neglect color and lighting effects. Bright details and a pretty garden lamp turn the well into a real decoration of the site.

Video: do-it-yourself well cover

A do-it-yourself cover for a well is a necessary element in arranging a country or private house. Any well, whether drinking or technical, requires that its mouth be closed. Naturally, if the whole well is made with love and has an aesthetic appearance, then the cover for the well should be made taking into account the design style and external perception.

Manhole Cover Features

The well cover is a protective element of the outer part (head) of the well. Its functions depend on the type of structure. First of all, the main task is to prevent a person from falling into an open mine site. For a drinking well, the cover plays an important role - it protects against precipitation, dirt, dust, hazardous substances from entering the water. In addition, it keeps water cool during the hot season and prevents it from freezing in winter. In addition, direct sunlight spoils the quality of water. In technical wells (settlers), in addition to the issue of safety, the problem of sealing is solved to eliminate unpleasant odors.

Given the functional features, it becomes clear that a do-it-yourself well cover must meet a number of requirements. Firstly, it is supposed to be sealed enough to prevent even dust and water from penetrating inside. Secondly, it should have such weight that it does not fall from a gust of wind or accidental touch, but at the same time it is easy to rise when you need to draw water. Important requirements are also mechanical strength, water resistance, resistance to atmospheric factors, including frost and sunlight, ease of use, durability and decorative effect.

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Design features

The well can be covered with a modern light roof and metal.

Structurally, covers for drinking and technical wells differ. For waterworks, the possibility of frequent and easy opening for water collection is important, which is often solved by making a door.

In settling tanks, the cover is rarely lifted, and sealing is given priority, so it has a monolithic massive structure.

The main materials for the manufacture of well covers are wood, metal, concrete, plastic, textolite, plywood. Such products can be solid or double, i.e., consist of two parts (closed and rising section). In turn, the whole structure is made in the form of a monolithic mass or shield.

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Plain wooden lid

Such a system is made in the following order. A shield is knocked down from bars measuring 4 x 4 or 4 x 5 cm - the bars are laid without a gap and fixed with two bars from the wrong side. To give the shield rigidity, another bar is fixed diagonally between these bars. All gaps and joints are sealed with a sealing compound. In simple systems, the joints are closed with thin strips from the inside. The outer surface is carefully polished.

In order to make a wooden lid, you need the following tool:

• Bulgarian;
• screwdriver;
• a hammer;
• hacksaw;
• chisel;
• plane;
• Grinder;
• paint brush;
• sandpaper;
• metal ruler.

The simplest in design and manufacture is considered to be a solid wooden panel cover. It can have a round or rectangular (square) shape and is made of one or two layers of boards or beams fastened together in the form of a shield.

To increase resistance to microorganisms and moisture, wood should be impregnated with an antiseptic and waterproofing compound. For ease of maintenance, handles are attached to the shield. The appearance of the cover is given by varnishing or painting. The use of stain allows you to provide an imitation of valuable wood species. Aesthetics increases the installation of decorative handles. If it is necessary to give the lid a round shape, the shield is cut by a grinder according to a template.

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Wooden cover with hatch

The best solution is a roof for the well, which will not become an obstacle when collecting water and will cover the water itself from debris.

For the convenience of operating the well with frequent water intake, double wooden covers are used. Such a system contains a fixed part in which the hatch is made, and opening flaps (door).

The production of such a structure is as follows. From wooden bars measuring 4 x 4 cm, a shield is assembled with a rectangular hatch in the middle. The dimensions of the hatch are due to the convenience of maintenance (for example, 50 x 60 cm).

Fastening bars are installed on the border of the hatch, and additional ones are closer to the edge of the shield.

Hatch doors are made in the form of small shields from a bar 20 x 20 or 25 x 25 mm and are hinged to the main shield. Handles are attached to the doors. Processing and decoration are similar to the previous case.

The double system, by analogy with the wooden one, has a hatch with a lid. The opening structure is shown, consisting of two parts - a stationary frame with a hatch and a rising cover. The stationary part is made in the form of a frame from a corner 40 x 40 mm, on which a steel sheet 4-5 mm thick with a central hatch is welded. On top of the hinges, a movable part is installed in the form of a similar frame and a solid sheet; in this case, the lining can be made of a steel sheet 3-4 cm thick or textolite 8-12 mm thick.

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Metal cover

Tool for making a metal cover for a well:

• welding machine;
• Bulgarian;
• hacksaw for metal;
• metal scissors;
• electric drill;
• chisel;
• a hammer;
• file;
• wrenches;
• paint brush;
• metal ruler;
• roulette.

The metal cover for the well can be solid or double, only metal or in combination with other materials. The simplest one-piece construction is cut from a steel sheet with a thickness of 5-10 mm, and the massive heavy system belongs to the sedimentation tanks. A more complex one-piece design includes a frame made of a steel angle and a steel sheet 3-4 cm thick welded to it.

Metal parts have high strength, but are subject to corrosion. To protect against rust, they must be painted, and in two layers - a primer and a base coat.

In terms of decorativeness, metal hatches are inferior to wooden structures, so a combination of metal with textolite, plastic or wood is often used.