How to make a water filter with your own hands. We make a water filter with our own hands to purify well and borehole water How to make a homemade filter

How to make a water filter at home?

There are several ways to make a water filter, using a ready-made, purchased filter, or inventing it yourself. Let's look at these two options.

And so, for the first method, we will need a purchased water filter and a plastic bottle.

This filter is very convenient to use when hiking or traveling somewhere. Let's begin!

1. Take a knife and cut the bottle into two parts. The cut should be in the place where the top part of the bottle (cone-shaped) passes into the middle part (cylindrical).

2 . Now we take the filter and insert its bottom part into the cut off part with the neck. This way we will determine where to cut the neck of the bottle.

In total, we get a bottle cut into 3 parts and a filter.

3. All the parts for the filter are ready, all that remains is to assemble it. We take the filter and insert it into the cut off upper part of the bottle, as shown in the photo.

4. We place this design in a bottle, and our filter will be ready. We can fill it with water and check how it works.

How to make a filter with your own hands?

The second method is more interesting, since we will create the filter ourselves! This is not a difficult task, but you will have to try. For the filter you will need the following materials:

Filter container.

River sand.

Charcoal.

Cotton wool (can be replaced with gauze or cloth).

Visual diagram of the filter.

The principle of the filter is very simple - water passes through materials that are capable of filtering it, and at the output we get purified water.

To make such a filter, we used the materials listed above; a 5-liter bottle was used as a container.

1. Cut off the bottom of the bottle. We also make a small hole in the bottle cap, 1 centimeter in diameter.

Currently, the issue of water purification is very acute. Every year one can observe a situation of increasing demand for cleaning equipment. In particular, we are talking about household water filters. Moreover, if previously only city residents needed this, today urban-type settlements and villages are also forced to use such equipment. Let's talk about how to make water filters with your own hands.

Why is filtration necessary?

There is hardly any need to say once again that the water that comes from the central water supply is not of particular quality. A large number of different inclusions, mechanical insoluble compounds, etc. have a harmful effect on our body. Someone may say that it is not needed for a well, and they will be completely wrong. The fact is that water from a well or well is also not perfectly clean. Nitrates, pathogens, impurities that impair taste - all of this may be present to one degree or another.

For example, pesticides used by farmers seep into the soil and underground rivers. As a result, such water ends up in our well. Corrosion on metal or wells contributes to the appearance of water. In any case, it is advisable to have at least a filter for rough water purification.

Overview of suitable materials

As noted above, you can make water filters with your own hands, and sometimes you need to do this. So, paper, gauze or cotton filters are suitable as a temporary option. They are very effective, but since they are not very durable, they need to be replaced frequently.

As for regular use, the best option is charcoal. You can either buy it or get it by pyrolysis at home. But by itself it is useless. It is advisable to lay it in layers, alternating it with sand, gravel or grass.

It would seem that a regular household filter would be suitable for rough water purification. For the city - yes, this is a good decision. But using it in the countryside is not always advisable. This is due to the fact that for its normal operation a certain water pressure is required. Let's see how to make simple water filters with your own hands. For this we need a minimum of time and effort.

Plastic bottle filter

If you don’t want to constantly change cartridges, then a homemade filter is ideal for you. To make it we need a plastic bottle. The bottom needs to be cut off. After this, take a regular plastic bucket with a lid. We cut out a corresponding hole on it for the neck of the bottle. After this, the bottle is inserted with the lid down into a pre-prepared hole and filled with a filter element. In our case, this is charcoal and the most ordinary paper napkins.

In general, such a design can be modified indefinitely. Nobody forbids increasing the volume of containers. For example, instead of a bucket, take a 20-liter container and attach a faucet at its bottom through which purified water will be released. In general, making water filters with your own hands is very simple and you don’t need to buy anything. Now let's delve into this topic in more detail.

Homemade carbon filter

It is charcoal that is most often used as the main filter element. Something like birch is ideal for making a filter. The main thing is not to use coniferous species. The process of making charcoal is quite simple. We take the workpiece and place it in a metal container, which is closed with a lid. Heat it red hot for some time and voila, the charcoal is ready. In principle, you can also use black coals from under the fire that have burned to the end. They should be medium in size, 1-3 cm.

After cooling, take the charcoal and wrap it tightly in gauze. Carefully place it in the funnel of the container into which the water will be poured, so that all the liquid gets onto the surface of the filter. This is the simplest and fastest option that can be made in the field, being far from civilization. But a water filter for your home should be somewhat more reliable and practical. Let's talk about this now.

Reliable water filter for the garden and home

We will use the same charcoal as the main filter element. But this time you will have to work a little more. We take a 20-liter container and cut out a small hole at the bottom for the faucet, then put a seal and glue the whole thing. This container will be used as a receiver of purified water. A smaller container must be inserted into the neck of the receiver to contain the filter.

For these purposes, a 10-liter container or even less is suitable. In the simplest version, you can take a 5-10 liter eggplant. In principle, the water filter for your home is almost ready; all that remains is to decide on the filter element. It is best to make a homemade filter cartridge. To do this, take a small piece of plastic pipe of suitable diameter. It should be placed at the junction of two containers, preferably with an interference fit; if necessary, it can be secured. A piece of pipe is stuffed with crushed coal and covered with gauze, possibly with cotton wool.

About filter performance

Once all the design elements have been prepared, you can proceed directly to testing. To do this, fill in the first batch of water. You will probably notice that it will contain tiny particles of coal. But it's not scary at all. You can confidently drink such liquid, but if you don’t want to do this, then simply drain it. As for how productive such a water filter will be for a garden or home, this largely depends directly on the cartridge.

The thicker and longer it is, the longer it will take water to pass through it, therefore the productivity will be lower, but the quality of cleaning will be higher. The optimal figure is 2-3 liters per hour. We can say that this is quite enough to get a large family drunk. Moreover, under the filter you will have a 20-liter container installed, which will fill up over time.

Carbon filters for water purification: reviews

It is worth noting that this kind of construction, which we have considered, has been used for quite a long time. During this time, homemade filters have become extremely popular and in demand. They are cheap and yet just as effective as store-bought ones. The whole point is that the purchased cleaning element has the same filter material. Sometimes, of course, coconut shells that have undergone pyrolysis are used, but this does not change the essence.

Those who use carbon filters every day write that they allow you to effectively purify water from various impurities. In addition, the material for them can be made independently, so there is no need to spend your own money. Of course, productivity is not always pleasing, but within reasonable limits it can be increased. Carbon filters for water purification, reviews of which we have just reviewed, are effective and convenient.

Water filter

It is possible to make a full-fledged three-flask filter for cold water supplied by a water supply system under a certain pressure. To do this, we will need to purchase three identical flasks. They must be connected in series using a ¼-inch adapter nipple. Each nipple has a corresponding designation (In/out), which indicates the direction of movement of the carrier. These designations must be adhered to. To avoid leaks, it is advisable to additionally seal the joints. Using a straight adapter, the outer holes of the flasks are connected to a ¼-inch tube.

A filter for tap water of this type should be connected to the system with a tee. As for which flasks are filled, it can be used in a wide variety of ways. A carbon filter is suitable to protect heating equipment from scale.

A few important details

It is worth paying attention to the fact that the design of the water filter may differ depending on the installation location. For example, it is not recommended to connect low-performance filters to well pumps. If this is done, then their performance must be consistent with the productivity. Only there can the efficient and harmonious operation of the equipment be achieved.

If the water flows by gravity, then it is better to use a homemade multilayer filter. The idea is that crushed charcoal is laid, then a thin layer of sand, again charcoal, etc. But you need to understand that with each new layer the permeability of water worsens to the point that it will barely drip. This is why any cold water filter must be done wisely.

Conclusion

Expensive filter units from reputable companies in many cases do not make any sense. Of course, this does not mean that they are of no use. The point here is rather that there is nothing special about them. A standard filter element is used with only a few modifications. If you have no desire to do something yourself and, most importantly, if you are not confident in the effectiveness of homemade filters, then it is better to buy one. But it is unlikely that such an acquisition, especially a high-performance and really good one, will cost you cheap. In general, you can make a homemade filter for a dacha or country house. You will always find materials for it at hand. At the same time, you will definitely be satisfied with the quality of the water and its purity. But for this you need to strictly follow the instructions.

The problem of drinking water purification is becoming relevant not only for city residents, but also for residents of rural areas. To make water from a well or borehole suitable for drinking, you can make a water filter with your own hands.

Why filter well water?

It would seem that what could be purer than well water, sung in ancient Russian epics? Alas, modern reality is not at all like a fairy tale. Water in private wells can be contaminated with a variety of substances, such as:

• nitrates;
• bacteria and pathogens;
• impurities that impair the taste and quality of drinking water.

For the excess of nitrates, i.e. salts of nitric acid, in drinking water, we should “thank” farmers who widely use fertilizers and pesticides when growing agricultural products. Some of these substances inevitably seep into the aquifer.

Bacteria and other dangerous microorganisms appear in wells and boreholes, since sanitary and hygienic standards during the construction of cesspools and manure pits, toilets and other similar structures are often not observed as strictly as they should be.

The simplest filter can be made from a plastic bottle with filler

Poor quality and damage to equipment lead to the fact that the water contains an admixture of rust, sand, etc. Drinking such water is simply unpleasant. Therefore, it is recommended to buy or make at least a simple water filter for your dacha.

Review of filtration materials

The principle of operation of the filter is simple and well known to everyone. It is necessary to pass water through a layer of filter material. The filler can be different:

• textile;
• cotton wool;
• paper napkins;
• gauze;
• sand;
• grass;
• coal;
• Lutraxil.

Filters made from gauze, cotton wool, paper napkins, fabric and other similar materials are quite effective, but short-lived. They need to be changed quite often. However, they are quite suitable as a temporary option.

You can buy charcoal in a store or make it yourself

For regular use, other materials are used, mainly charcoal. It is laid in layers, alternating with sand, gravel, grass, etc. Lutraxil is a synthetic material made from polypropylene fibers.

Tip: You can make your own charcoal. To do this, it is enough to heat the pieces of wood in a metal container. Coniferous wood is not suitable for this. Ready-made charcoal is sold in stores, in picnic departments.

The simplest filter from a plastic bottle

The use of ordinary household filters for a small garden is rarely convenient. Such devices require the supply of water from a water supply system under a certain pressure, and not every dacha has a water supply system with suitable characteristics. Pitcher filters purify water too slowly.

In addition, you will have to constantly change cartridges. Therefore, a homemade water filter made from a plastic bottle and a bucket with a plastic lid may be the most acceptable option.

A homemade water filter can be made from a regular plastic bottle.

This filter uses carbon and ordinary fabric napkins as a filler.

The simplest filter for a summer house is made as follows:
1. The bottom of a plastic bottle needs to be cut off.
2. Cut a suitable hole in the plastic lid of the bucket.
3. Insert the bottle into the hole with the neck down.
4. Fill the filter with filler.

Tip: It is important to ensure that the bottle is tightly attached to the edges of the hole made in the lid of the bucket. To do this, sand the edges of the hole with sandpaper and use a rubber gasket.

Using the same principle, you can make a more convenient filtration installation. A plastic canister or tank with a capacity of approximately 20 liters is used as a receiving container. You need to make a hole at the bottom and insert a small tap into it, through which purified water will flow.

On top of the receiving container you need to install a 10-liter plastic bottle with a filler hole in the bottom. To make a filter, you can use a 40 mm piece of polypropylene pipe. The top and bottom of the pipe are covered with pieces of perforated plastic, which is recommended to be fixed with hot glue. The pipe is filled with charcoal.

Such a homemade filter should fit tightly into the neck of a standard ten-liter bottle. All that remains is to connect the receiving tank with the filter and the bottle. You can immediately fill the installation with a full bucket of well water, which will be filtered after a few hours. This way there will always be a supply of clean drinking water in the house.

Please note: The carbon filter must be rinsed before use. To do this, several liters of water are passed through it, which is immediately drained. This will remove small particles of coal that can contaminate the water.

Three-flask design for full-fledged water supply

Happy owners of a full-fledged water supply in a private house can make a three-flask homemade filter for water purification. To do this you need:

1. Buy three identical flasks.
2. Connect the flasks in series with two quarter-inch nipple adapters. In this case, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the in/out designations in order to maintain the direction of water movement. Nipple threads should be sealed with FUM tape.
3. The outermost holes of the flasks are connected to the quarter-inch tube using straight adapters.
4. Connect the filtration system to the water supply with a tee, which is cut into the water supply using a 1/2” connector.
5. At the outlet, a standard drinking water tap is connected to the filter system.
6. Fill the flasks with filter material. You can use a polypropylene cartridge, carbon filter and anti-scale filler.

Filter cartridges are very diverse and allow you to eliminate a wide variety of water contaminants. It is worth noting that the cost of such a DIY design may not be much lower than an inexpensive filtration unit from the manufacturer.

How to make a water filter with your own hands? The operating principle of water purifying filters at home is almost the same. They use charcoal as a cleaning agent. So we will use it in our homemade filters. Wood, store-bought or homemade, activated – it doesn’t matter. The main thing is that it is an excellent filter medium.

Filters for home

You once purchased a water filter such as “Aquaphor”, “Barrier”, etc., but the cartridge has served its purpose. You need to buy a new one. Is it possible to restore it? Can.

For this we need:

• Housing of the spent filter element.
• Charcoal or activated carbon.
• Cotton pad.

Operating procedure

1. Carefully cut out the top part; we won’t need it anymore. We leave only the upper pressure ring (in different systems it can be with or without a mesh).
2. We remove the spent contents of the filter and rinse the housing with water.
3. Divide the cotton pad in half and place one half on the bottom of the case.
4. Fill the body with coal. (The coal should be finely ground, but not to a powder state).
5. Cover with the other half of the cotton pad and secure with a ring.

In some cartridges, the pressure ring does not lock into the housing. Then it can be secured with a few drops of sealant. The main thing is that the sealant is waterproof and non-toxic.

Another simplest homemade filter option, made by yourself.

You will need:

• Plastic bottle with screw cap.
• A piece of cotton fabric.
• Charcoal.

First regular wood carbon needs to be activated. To do this, grind it into grains with a diameter of 4–6 mm (We take the amount of coal so that it fills the bottle by two-thirds.) Then pour it into a saucepan with water, bring to a boil and leave to simmer over low heat for another 5 minutes. Next, you need to drain the hot water through a colander or metal sieve. Important! Coal must be drained when it is hot. Let it cool down.

Assembling the filter

You can put another layer of fabric on top, but this is not necessary.

This filter lasts for quite a long time. If you feel that over time the water has changed its taste, or any impurities began to be felt, then no need to make a new filter. It is enough to rinse the used coal, boil it again, replace the cloth and continue to use the filter.

DIY filters for wells and wells

In a country house or in a village, it is also necessary to filter water, even if it is water from a well or clean well water. "For what?" - you ask. The fact is that nitrates, pesticides used in gardening work, seep into the ground and, together with groundwater, end up in wells and boreholes.

For filtering well water when digging a well or for routine cleaning bottom filter installed for water made from natural materials. How to do it yourself?

To begin with, we define what is the bottom of the well:

1. Dense clay bottom with gushing springs. In such wells it is better to install coarse water filtration into the water intake system. A bottom filter can only do harm by blocking the outlet of spring water.
2. At the bottom of a well made of soft clay, which is washed away by water, it is better to lay a 15–20 centimeter layer of coarse crushed stone.
3. A sandy bottom with calmly seeping water requires a bottom filter. Otherwise, when the bucket hits the water or the bottom, the sand will be washed away and the water will be cloudy. It is impractical to install a pump in such wells, because it immediately becomes clogged with sand and fails.
4. At the bottom there is floating sand, that is, sand highly saturated with groundwater. It can be recognized by periodic emissions at the bottom of a well or by muddy streams of water. In this case, in addition to the bottom filter, it is necessary to protect the bottom with a wooden shield from erosion.

Materials used for the bottom filter

Coarse-grained quartz sand has grains up to 1 millimeter in size; it must be washed before placing it in the well.

river pebbles- round stones of different colors and sizes.

Gravel is a porous, loose sedimentary rock; the size of gravel grains can range from a few millimeters to 2–3 centimeters.

Crushed stones are stones of different sizes, irregular shapes made from various minerals. It is extracted mechanically. For the bottom filter, it is necessary to take crushed stone made from neutral minerals, such as jadeite. Granite or building crushed stone is not suitable for this.

Shungite– petrified oil. In alternative medicine, this mineral is used very widely. It effectively purifies water from harmful substances, radicals and dioxides. It is a unique bactericidal agent.

Zeolite. This mineral is also often used in water purification. All known bacteria, microbes and viruses are powerless against it.

Installing the filter

If a shield is needed for a well, then we take hardwood to make it: aspen, oak, which can remain in water for a long time.

• We knock together a shield from the boards, cut it to the size of the well trunk, drill holes 1–1.5 mm in size, wrap it in geotextile, and lower it to the bottom.
• We lay a layer of large stone on top of the shield.

Next, the filter itself is installed directly. It can be of two types: direct or reverse. If there is soft clay at the bottom of the well or a bottom shield against floaters, a straight line is used, that is, we lay it from the larger fraction to the finer one. The thickness of each layer is 15–20 cm. There must be at least three layers: the first - stones no less than 5–6 cm in size or crushed stone, the second - small river pebbles, shungite or gravel up to 1 cm in size, the third - a layer of washed river sand.

The return filter is used in wells with a sandy bottom and quiet filling and has a dual purpose- does not allow small grains of sand to rise up and protects the bottom of the well from large debris. We install such a filter in the reverse order: first the small fraction, then the medium one, and the large one on top. The thickness of the layers is the same.

During use, the filter becomes clogged with small particles of clay, silt, and sand. Therefore, it must be cleaned every year. The sand is completely replaced, and the stones are taken out and washed with running water. Then the filter is put back in the same sequence.

Well filter

Filters are also used to purify water in wells. The most favorite and popular among owners of private houses and summer residents is the perforated perforated system. The device is simple and effective.

For the manufacture of a cleaning system we will need:

Stages of work:

1. We measure the length of the sump. Depending on the depth of the well, it will be approximately 1–1.5 meters.
2. Next, we drill holes at an angle of 35 to 60°, directing them from bottom to top. We arrange them in a checkerboard pattern, making the distance between the holes about 2 cm.
3. We clear the pipe of chips and wrap the perforated area (it should be at least 25% of the pipe length) with mesh. We secure it with rivets.
4. We close the pipe on the side of the sump with a plug.

Water passing through the mesh and holes is cleared of fine sand, silt, and clay. Larger particles that enter the pipe settle in the sump.

Thanks to such filters, water in a personal plot and in a private house will be clean and transparent, but will not be cleared of the harmful substances it contains. Therefore, it is recommended to boil such water or additionally run it through carbon filters.

Homemade filter on a hike

It often happens that when going on a hike, we stock up on drinking water in insufficient quantities. There are no shops or wells in the area, but there are plenty of natural reservoirs, puddles, etc. How to make dirty water drinkable?

Method one

When packing a first aid kit, we always put several packages activated carbon, bandage and cotton wool. We will need all this and a plastic bottle for the filter.

1. Cut off the bottom of a plastic bottle and turn it over.
2. Place a layer of cotton wool in the neck.
3. We fold the bandage strip into several layers (the more the better) and place it on top of the cotton layer in the bottle.
4. We pour crushed coal tablets on top, and a layer of bandage and cotton wool on top.

Method two

You can do without a first aid kit. For this system we will need a plastic bottle with a cap, moss and coal from the fire(not very large so that it fits more tightly into the container) and a small piece of fabric.

• We make several small holes in the lid and place fabric folded in 3-4 layers into it. Screw the lid into place. Cut off the bottom of the bottle.
• We fill the container with moss and coal in layers, starting and ending with moss. The more layers we lay, the cleaner the water will be.

Method three

Let's make the most primitive filter. To do this, we will need two containers (pots, mugs, etc.) and a bandage or a long strip of some cotton fabric.

We unwind the bandage equal to the height of the container taken 8–10 times. Fold it in half and twist it into a rope. We fold it in half again. Folded end of the harness lower into a container with dirty water to the very bottom, the free ends into an empty container.

Important nuances of this system:

• The water container should be located above the receiving container.
• The free ends of the rope should be lowered below the folded end in the water.
• The higher the level of dirty water, the faster it is filtered, so it makes sense to add dirty water to the upper container.
• The free ends should not come into contact with each other or with the walls of the vessels.
• If it is necessary to pass a large amount of water, several flagella can be made.

Water filtered in this way will not be perfectly clean and transparent. Mainly dirt, sand, suspended matter, and silt will be filtered out.

It is important to remember that such hiking filters only purify water from dirt and turbidity. Bacteria and microbes are preserved in it. Therefore, filtered water must be boiled before use.

In some situations during a hike, it may be difficult to obtain clean water. But without drinking water, as they say, “neither here nor there,” so you need to think through this issue before the hike. And it's better in advance make a camping filter.

Last season we had bike rides a good hundred kilometers from the city to unfamiliar places. I don’t want to look for springs on the road and turn off the highway. You can't take all the water you need. There are also not shops everywhere, and from your planned overnight stay you won’t be able to come across them for water. Since the parking lot was near the river, we decided that we would filter and boil the river water.

Before this, on another trip, we already used a cartridge from a filter jug ​​and a trimmed 1.5 liter. bottle, but this volume is not enough. This time the company was even larger and, accordingly, a lot of water would also be needed.

Based on these considerations, I chose a five-liter plastic bottle of clean water and the same filter cartridge as last time.

First you need to cut out the bottom of the bottle. I didn't cut it off entirely. I only cut through three sides. The result is a lid. It will cover the water from above so that excess debris does not fall there from the tree.

Although the neck of such a bottle is quite wide, the cartridge still does not fit into it. Therefore, you will have to cut off the neck. We insert the cartridge inside the bottle and press its bottom against the neck. On the outside, we use a marker to mark a circle along the bottom. In this place, the plastic of the bottle is quite thick and it is better to cut it with a hacksaw.

When you cut off the neck of the bottle, try inserting the cartridge from the inside again. It's better if it doesn't fit through at all. We heat the edge of the resulting hole with a soldering iron or a hair dryer. While the plastic is still soft, we try to insert the cartridge into place again. It should fit tightly, without gaps, up to the side.

Near the bottom of the bottle, make two holes opposite each other and thread a rope through them, using which you can hang the filter on any branch above the dish.