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How to repair the basement of a building. We make repairs to the basement of the house with our own hands How to overhaul the basement of a panel house

It can be said with full confidence that it is the basement of any building that is exposed to the most aggressive effects of a number of factors. This causes it to wear out quickly and require repair. Otherwise, the entire building is at risk.

Timely repairs help to avoid the spread of mold, and prevent the destruction of walls under the influence of high levels of humidity. In some cases, it may even be necessary to replace individual bricks, which must be taken into account.

Preparatory stage

When starting to repair the basement with your own hands, you first need to remove the ground in contact with the bottom of the wall with a shovel. After that, you need to remove the old plaster, which does not hold well enough. It is also important not to miss the voids that have arisen. A hammer and a chisel are perfect for solving these problems. With the help of such tools, it will be possible to get rid of old material with a light tap.

Next, you need to clean the wall of dirt, dust and minor plaster residues that have not been removed after previous work. This is best done with a special brush with a fairly hard wire pile. You can buy such a tool at any hardware store.

In order to protect window frames or door slopes from damage, it is recommended to pre-paste them with masking tape.

Filling the voids

Before starting active work, it is required to thoroughly moisten all detected damage with plain water. Thanks to this, the plaster will adhere much better to the surface.

Aerated concrete blocks are great for filling voids. This material is lightweight, durable and reliable. In addition, it is quite easy to cut bricks of the required size from it.

Prepared blanks will need to be installed in voids. You can fix them with masonry mortar. The prepared surface is again wetted with water. To do this, it is enough to water the wall simply from a hose.

Plaster work

A special waterproofing solution will help to ensure the restored basement proper performance. For its preparation, it is required to dilute the prepared dry mixture with ordinary water.

The solution is applied to the wall twice. The first layer should be fairly thin. And after it dries, you can start applying the second. The optimal thickness is 3 mm. For this purpose, a brush or a wide spatula is perfect. In order for this material to dry completely, you need to leave it for one day.

The next day you can do plastering work. For this, a special composition is also suitable. In this case, two-layer application is again used. The width of the first of them is about 10 mm. The finished material is applied to the walls with active circular movements with a spatula.

To make the finished surface really even, it is best to use special plaster strips and a level. Such a simple set will make the base perfect.

The second layer of plaster can reach a thickness of 20 mm. After applying it, excess material will need to be removed using one of the strips. And in order for the material to dry well, you should leave it for at least a couple of days.

How to finish the plinth

You can get rid of minor defects with a plaster trowel. And you can give an attractive appearance to the corner not only through the use of planks, but also through a special corner spatula. It has a specific shape, which makes the process of performing work simple and comfortable.

Video "How to repair the base"

To repair the basement with your own hands, you do not need to have special skills. This construction procedure is not very complicated and you can do it, knowing some of the nuances of this case.

In simple terms, the basement is the distance from the ground to the walls of the house. It can be large (ground floor), or consist of a foundation protruding above the ground to a certain height. With the deformation of the basement of the house, the walls of the room also begin to collapse.

The main reasons for the destruction of the basement of the house

If cracks appear on the basement of your house or a fungus has formed, this indicates improper work in the construction of the building and non-compliance with the necessary design standards.

The main reasons for the destruction of the basement of the house are:

Structural shrinkage. This process mainly depends on the soil on which the building is located and on the weight of the building. A very pronounced shrinkage process can be in a brick apartment building.
Groundwater flow. If the design does not take into account the depth of groundwater flow and does not take all the necessary measures for waterproofing, then the foundation of the house is washed away. If you decide to make a foundation with your own hands, then be sure to contact the professionals so that they tell you at what depth the groundwater flows.
Poor quality padding. Failure to comply with the blind area manufacturing technology leads to undermining of the foundation.
Violation of design standards. Very often, builders forget about the insulation of the foundation and its waterproofing, basically such a mistake is made when repairs are done not by professional teams, but by their own hands. Such oversights lead to the formation of fungus and freezing of building structures, which subsequently leads to the destruction of the basement.

How to repair the basement with your own hands?

The integrity of the basement is a very important characteristic for any house (one-story or multi-storey, brick or wooden), as the basement protects the foundation from the aggressive influence of external natural factors. Watch the video on how to strengthen the plinth with your own hands.

To repair the basement with your own hands, you must adhere to the following sequence:

The slope of the blind area in the direction opposite from the house should be at least 2%, so that the water drains and does not stagnate.

When the reconstruction work is completed, install a small reinforcing mesh over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe basement of the house. It should exactly repeat the design of the foundation and fit snugly against it. To fix it, use a dowel with nails, place the grid vertically.
Coat the plinth and mesh with a primer, then wait until it is completely dry.
Apply a layer of liquid cement mortar to the plinth and mesh. Do it in such a way that after the work done, the contours of the grid cells can be seen. Level the applied layer with a grater. Be sure to wait until this layer is completely dry.
Plaster the basement of the house.

How to protect the basement of the house from destruction?

Having done all the above steps, I want to protect the foundation and basement of the house from destruction. You can do this in several ways:

Budget option, do it yourself. It has been in use for several decades. It consists in the fact that resin is applied to the foundation of the house from the outside to protect it from external factors. Such a mixture is prepared as follows: diesel fuel is mixed with resin and slowly heated over a fire until a homogeneous mixture is formed, similar to jelly. In this case, you need to make sure that it does not get on your skin and you are not burned. Such a solution, when solidified, forms a protective film that prevents moisture from entering the foundation.
Modern version. This method of protecting the foundations of a house is more expensive, but it provides better preservation of building structures. This method involves facing the basement with decorative tiles or stone. Using this method, you only need to choose the right mixture for gluing the necessary material.

It is necessary to clad the plinth in all types of buildings, especially those built of brick material.

Reading time ≈ 3 minutes

The basement of the building is exposed to the aggressive influence of many factors. It is more often than other areas in need of repair. You can't get stuck with her. After all, the destruction of the basement reduces the durability of the entire structure.

So that damage to the plaster does not lead to the growth of mold and does not allow moisture to destroy the wall, you need to correct the situation and repair the basement of the building in a timely manner. As a rule, it consists in the restoration of seams, new plastering of hotel areas. Sometimes when repairing the basement of a brick house, you have to change individual bricks.

Step-by-step instruction

First, the lower part of the wall is released from contact with the ground. To do this, use a shovel.

Then all plaster fragments that do not adhere well are removed, you must try not to miss voids, they can be detected by tapping. All loose plaster is beaten off with a hammer or chisel.

Then the surface is cleaned of dirt and dust. Use a wire brush to thoroughly remove all plaster residue. How to perform this work, you can see in the photo or video.

All surfaces that need to be protected from plaster, such as window frames, must be covered with masking tape. It will protect important areas from pollution.

The detected defects in the masonry are moistened before repairing the lining of the brick basement. This is necessary to ensure better contact of the plaster mixture with the surface.

To fill the existing voids, you should pick up bricks of the appropriate size. You can cut fragments of the desired size from aerated concrete blocks.

The next step in repairing the basement with your own hands is to fill the voids with prepared bricks and fix them with masonry mortar.

Before plastering the surface, it must be thoroughly moistened. To do this, you can take a bucket and a brush, but it is easier and faster to wet the wall with water from a hose.

Then prepare a solution (waterproofing slurry) for waterproofing. The mixture is diluted with clean water.

The solution is applied to the restored areas in 2 passes. First, a thin layer of 1 - 2 mm, when the first layer begins to set, apply a second layer of 3 mm. In this case, you can use a brush or a wide spatula.

The applied layers should stand for a day. You can continue working the next day.

Then a mortar for plaster is prepared.

Again perform 2-layer application. First, a layer of 10 mm is applied. The plaster is rubbed with force over the surface, moving the spatula in a semicircle.

In order for the walls to be smooth in the end, it is advisable to use plaster strips, during the installation of which a level should be applied. These planks come in several varieties. In this case, they are made of wood.

The next layer of plaster is applied with a thickness of 15 - 20 mm.

The plaster is carefully applied over the entire surface, it is desirable to fill the entire surface with it up to the foundation. Then it will be possible to talk about the complete and high-quality repair of the basement plaster.

The base point for removing excess mortar will be not only plaster strips, but also an intact cladding layer, as in the photo.

When the surface dries, it is leveled with a plaster trowel.

To beautifully decorate the corner, plaster strips are used. By attaching the plank to the appropriate corner, you can align the end of the wall. Then the bar is removed.

Before starting the repair of the basement of a brick house or the facade of an apartment building, it is necessary to determine the causes and degree of destruction of structures. Signs that restoration is required are visible cracks in the plaster or masonry, peeling of the cladding, the formation of fungus on the walls, subsidence or bulging of individual sections of the facade of the building, loss of single bricks, deviation from the vertical.

Causes of destruction

Uneven shrinkage of the foundation. Occurs due to subsidence of heaving or soft type of soil, the weight of the building, poor-quality blind area. This process is most susceptible to multi-apartment brick houses.
The close occurrence of groundwater and, as a result, washing away the foundation of the house. This is due to the fact that this nuance was not included in the construction project.
Poor building materials and violation of building codes.
Trees planted close to the house with a powerful root system, undermining the blind area of the building.
Communication problems. In the case when there is a breakthrough in the central water supply system and the foundation is flooded or the sewage system is poorly arranged.
Climatic phenomena (wind, frost, rain) and microbiological influences - the occurrence of mold fungi, lichens, which leads to mechanical destruction of brickwork.

To repair the base with your own hands, you must first determine the degree of destruction and designate a list of works. If the facade and blind area are damaged in places, there are no progressive cracks in the basement, then cosmetic repairs are made. In the event that the damage to the blind area is more global or it has moved away from the base, then it should be replaced completely. When the building shrinks and the cracks increase, it is recommended to fully strengthen and strengthen the foundation.

What do you need to work?

For some types of work, reinforcement may be required.

If you plan to repair the facade of a brick apartment building or a private structure, you first need to free the surface from construction waste, remove the damaged areas on which restoration will be carried out. Depending on the repair technology, prepare the following building materials:

exhaust grid;
sand, gravel or crushed stone;
fittings, dowels;
reinforced mesh;
roofing felt or geotextile;
formwork boards;
steel or asbestos pipe;
primer, concrete mix (1 part M500 cement to 3 parts sand);
waterproofing solution;
plaster mix.

Partial restoration of the basement and blind area

Clean the parts of the facade of the building that require restoration from dirt, dust, fungus, prime the cracks and recesses.
Attach the exhaust mesh with dowels so that it does not protrude from the recess.
Then, on the repaired area, apply a layer of plaster mortar flush with the plinth.
If the voids are large, it is necessary to select the bricks or parts of them of the right size, and use the mortar to lay the openings.
After restoration, the areas are moistened with water and waterproofing slurry is applied in two layers.
The next day, only after the wall has completely dried, you can start plastering.

To repair the blind area, you first need to remove all damaged areas of the material.

If the blind area has sagged in places, the damaged areas are removed and gravel, sand, crushed stone are added, compacting the soil. A mini-formwork is installed and the surface is poured with concrete at the same level with undamaged areas, carefully leveling. In cases where there is just a crack without subsidence of the base, it is rubbed with cement mortar.

Overhaul

First of all, a new blind area is poured. Having freed up space from the old one, they dig a trench 35-40 cm deep. Choose the width at your discretion. The lower 20 cm are covered with sand and crushed stone or gravel and compacted tightly. After that, geotextiles or roofing material are spread and sprinkled with sand. For binding, holes are drilled in the foundation every 50 cm, and pieces of reinforcement are hammered. A reinforced mesh is welded to it. They put the formwork and pour the structure with concrete.

The blind area must necessarily have a slope from the house of several degrees to drain moisture.
Repair of the brick facade is continued after the concrete has hardened. A reinforced mesh is applied to the cleaned surface of the base. There are 2 options for this:

Dowels can be used to attach the mesh.
Holes are drilled in the wall, pieces of reinforcement are driven into 1-2 rows and a mesh is tied to them. After that, the surface is primed and formwork is placed, poured with a cement mixture and tamped.
The reinforcing mesh is attached with dowels to the wall, it is also primed twice and plaster is thrown over the wall. After repair, the protection of the plinth can be achieved with the help of facing bricks. This option is used if it is not possible to make the repaired layer wide in thickness.

Each of the buildings is one system in which all elements are connected, and each of the elements performs its important function. With the destruction and breakage of one element, the rest begin to collapse.

The most vulnerable part of the constructed building is the basement and blind area. Before you learn how to repair the blind area, you should find out what it is.

Why do you need a plinth and a blind area

The basement is one of the important parts of the constructed building; it performs an important function - heat-insulating. And since it is located on the outside of the building, it is constantly affected by the environment, temperature changes, moisture, and it is most susceptible to deformation and destruction. And if there is a deformation of the basement and blind areas, then the whole building begins to collapse. How to repair a blind area? It is best to invite professional builders to repair the basement, then it is likely that the repair will be done on time and with high quality. But you can try to do everything yourself, with the help of useful tips.

An important function is performed by the blind area. It is located around the entire perimeter of the building, is a path that is arranged at a certain angle of inclination. This is done so that water does not flow into the foundation. Often winter frosts can destroy the blind area.

Causes of the destruction of the basement and blind area

Since the basement is located on the outside, that is, on the street, it is subjected to constant precipitation, from which it begins to collapse. The same applies to the blind area, which also tends to crack and move away from the foundation. Causes of destruction include:

temperature changes;
constant moisture in rainy weather;
frosts;
house weight;
non-compliance with technological standards during the construction of the basement.

The concrete pavement, which was installed around the apartment building, is also influenced by natural factors. In the occurrence of cracks, an important role is played by the apartment building itself, its weight. If the blind area is filled with weak concrete, then large loads also affect.

Plinth repair - how to do it yourself

Plinth repair involves, first of all, the removal of dampness, fungus and mold. In order to get rid of all this, you need to open the base, that is, beat off the old plaster from it, clean it completely, around the entire perimeter. Drying is a must. After drying, treat the dry surface of the basement with a special antiseptic composition or sheathe it with boards that were impregnated with an antiseptic before installation. It is also necessary to take measures to insulate the basement so that it does not freeze and moisture does not penetrate into it.

Of course, a person is able to carry out all repairs himself, especially if he has experience in construction matters. But the reasons for the destruction of the basement should be established by specialists, they will also give advice on the problems that have arisen and their solution.

To repair the plinth, it is better to wait for warm and dry weather, but so that there is no strong heat. In heat or rain, concrete dries poorly, unevenly and adheres poorly to the wall.

To repair the base, you need to have the following tools:

concrete mixer;
shovel;
bushhammer;
Master OK.

From the materials you will need:

sand;
cement;
metal grid.

When the damaged area is beaten off from the old plaster, dirt is removed, the plinth is impregnated with an antiseptic, a metal mesh can be fixed. It will greatly increase the strength of the solution that will be applied to the wall. It must be installed evenly, the mesh is fixed with dowels. Then the surface of the base should be treated with a primer. The composition of the primer should also get on the grid, this will increase the susceptibility to the solution. This step can be skipped, but then instead of priming, the base should be moistened with water.

Now you need to apply the solution to the grid. The concrete mortar must be more liquid than for ordinary plaster. The solution through the mesh should get on the wall and very tightly fill all the cracks and voids. To obtain a high-quality coating, the solution must be pressed in. From the applied solution, only the grid should be visible. The next step is to apply the finishing solution to the plinth; decorative plaster can be used instead. Plastering work during the repair of the basement is difficult, so when performing these works you need to be careful and attentive.

After the mortar on the basement of the house dries up, you should proceed to finish the basement of the house. For finishing, you should choose high-quality and durable materials that can provide surface protection, and the next repair will not have to be done soon.

Do-it-yourself blind area repair

When repairing the basement of a house, you can correct the defects that have arisen in the blind area. Repair of the blind area occurs in this way.

The blind area is set to a height of 4-7 cm. It should be above ground level. Then the damaged area should be filled with cement mortar. In order for the blind area to have strength, it is reinforced with a mesh. You can even lay multiple layers of mesh. You can also achieve an increase in strength by adding crushed stone of a fine fraction to the solution. The blind area should have an angle of inclination from the house. This must be taken into account when pouring, then water will not fall under the foundation.

It is necessary to repair the blind area when small cracks appear on the surface of the blind area. Cement mortar is used to seal such cracks. Cracks are closed in the following way. The surface of the blind area is cleaned, you can even wash it. Then a liquid cement mortar is prepared, with which the blind area is poured, the liquid solution flows into the cracks and fills them. The consistency of the solution should be 1:1 or 1:2.

If there are cracks in the middle solution, then they can be repaired like this. Cracks are enlarged with a perforator in order to repair them with high quality. Then you need to treat the cracks with a primer. After drying, they should be filled with a bitumen composition with the addition of asbestos and crushed slag. After the mixture has hardened, the blind area is poured with a thin layer of cement mortar.

If the cracks are large, then you need to make repairs like this. Cracks are cleaned of dirt and primed. You need to let the primer dry. The cracks are then filled with concrete. Remember, it is concrete, not cement mortar. Places filled with concrete should be covered with a film for about a day.

It also happens that the blind area has peeled off from the house - how to repair it in this case? The place of delamination should be thoroughly cleaned and primed, the crack should be enlarged. This is done to ensure that the seal is durable and of high quality. You can also cover the base with bituminous mastic. A large opening between the blind area and the house is poured with concrete, and if the gap is small, then it can be filled with a rare cement solution.

When asked about the blind area, how to repair and when, it can be answered that repairs are best done in the spring, while there is still no high temperature, or at the beginning of summer, when it is still cool. This should be done because, due to heat, cracks can decrease, and this will lead to the impossibility of repairing them with high quality.

Finishing the basement after repair

After the repair, you can begin to finish the basement. There are different options for this. The blind area has already been repaired, and you need to start decorating the basement.

The design of the basement is not a tribute to fashion, but its protection from the effects of natural phenomena. This can be done with bitumen or mixtures, or you can use the forgotten old-fashioned method. To do this, melt the resin and diesel. Do this on low heat, stir slowly. After preparation, a high-quality solution for coating is obtained. This method has been used everywhere before. Coated with a round brush, applying a thick layer.

If it is possible to spend money on finishing the plinth, you can create a more interesting look and durable protection from exposure to the sun, wind and frost. Finishing can be done from artificial stone. To do this, you need to choose a quality adhesive mixture. You should carefully read the instructions, for different mixtures you need different additions, in the form of a primer, mesh, and, possibly, the preparation of a special layer. But it should be remembered that finishing with artificial or natural stone is an expensive undertaking, although the basement is an important part of the building, on which the long years of the existence of the house depend.

In order to repair the basement and blind areas around the house yourself, you can watch a video on a special construction site or read an article. The advice of repair specialists will certainly help to carry out everything planned, the main thing is to have enough patience and strength.

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When to repair the basement in the country

It is most correct to choose a warm and dry season for such work, preferably without serious heat. It may be the middle of summer, depending on the regions, but we suggest that you repair the plinth already at the beginning of spring, as soon as it dries out after the snows in the fresh wind and the sunlight that is gaining temperature. For example, you can start the process in the middle or end of May, so that it is not too hot for you to work, and the temperature for finishing is acceptable.

It is simply impossible to do repairs in cold or rain, as well as in severe heat, because a stable temperature is necessary for high-quality adhesion of the solution to the basic materials and its uniform drying.

How to start basement repair

It will be necessary to prepare the place of repair - it is good to beat the exfoliated parts, try to remove the debris, but do not wade deeper, knocking with a hammer further and further. After that, study the blind area, as it plays a significant role in protecting the foundation and the appearance of the building.

If the blind area is in order, it can be redecorated, but if there is practically no blind area, it will be necessary to fill in a new one.

Filling the blind area

The blind area can rise 4-7 cm above ground level, but it should go about 20-25 cm deep. You determine the width yourself, dig out a place to fill the blind area and clean the foundation of the house. It is important to remember here that the blind area should have a slope of several degrees from the house so that the water does not stagnate under the house itself.

When the place is ready, you should attach yourself to the foundation as much as possible, nail the reinforcement to it, to which the mesh should be welded. You should not be especially zealous, but the foundation of the blind area must be of high quality.

When the reinforcement for pouring is ready, it is necessary to fill in the gravel pad, install the formwork at the height of the blind area, and pour everything from above with cement mortar. But before this stage, you can also make waterproofing, which will be very appropriate. This can be standard waterproofing of the basement of the house, or classic, clay, when a layer of clay 15 cm wide is laid along the entire height of the blind area around the house and is well trampled down.

If you want to get a stronger blind area, lay several layers of a thin mesh, and also make it based on a mortar with crushed stone.

We repair the basement of a country house

The plinth is upholstered and cleaned, the blind area is flooded and fits snugly to it - it remains only to move on to our main task.

A small reinforcing metal mesh should be filled around the entire perimeter of the base. It is desirable to give it a shape, as the grid will hold the solution layer. That is, the mesh can be stuffed more evenly vertically by adjusting its position with dowels.

The next step is the primer. You can carry out the primer directly through the mesh so that the composition gets on it and on the surface itself. If a primer is not intended, simply dampen the surfaces well before applying the mortar.

After that, with a more liquid solution, we well throw a layer on the grid so that the plastering mixture penetrates through the grid and fills all the cavities along the base. To do this, you should not accelerate, on the contrary, you need to act very carefully, even pressing the solution into the grid, clogging all the cavities and cavities with it. Thus, finishing takes place around the entire perimeter, with a layer through which the mesh itself will only be visible.

It is advisable to let the layer dry a little, and then you can proceed to the final plastering. Here you can put another layer of cement mortar, or work with decorative plaster, original stone and brick laying.

Depending on your choice, there may be very different options for further processes.

Finishing the basement of the house after repair

The repair of the basement of a brick or panel house is completed, and now we need to put its appearance in order. The blind area is already there, but it also requires a basement to match itself, which we will now issue.

Inexpensive plinth finish

The plinth is ready, and now it is necessary to protect it from the harmful effects of atmospheric phenomena. This can be done with bitumen or other special mixtures, but you can always use the old-fashioned method.

You need to heat tar and diesel fuel on a fire in an old bucket. Heat slowly, over low heat, be sure to protect yourself from possible injury. By stirring slowly, you will be able to prepare a quality coating solution, which was previously used everywhere. It is necessary to use hot resin of the consistency of jelly with a large round brush, evenly applying the mixture to the plinth in a thick layer.

Modern plinth finish

If you can spend more money, create a more interesting look and effectively protect against the effects of moisture, wind, frost and sunlight, use a modern finish. Often, this is just decorative plaster with protective properties or further painting, but often craftsmen make a stone plinth or artificial stone plinth, which is in no way inferior to natural finishes.

To lay the finishing material, you will need to choose the right adhesive mixture and study the instructions for the use of materials, because many of them will need a primer, mesh, and maybe the preparation of a special layer.

At each stage of the repair and finishing of the basement of the house in the country it is worth remembering that this is often a very important structure, on which the durability of the building largely depends.

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