How to build a house from a bar 150x150. How to build a house from a bar with your own hands step by step instructions with a photo

The art of building a wooden house can be mastered independently. The material chosen, as a rule, is a beam: glued or profiled. It differs in the method of manufacture, but the construction technology is almost the same for each of them. The tree allows you to save on hiring workers, since 3 people can build a house from a bar with their own hands. Heavy equipment is not needed for this, you just need to prepare a concrete mixer, a concrete pump, a winch, a chainsaw and small tools.

What will the house be like?

The beam is used in low-rise private construction for the construction of houses no higher than 3 floors. The operational properties of the material, favorable internal microclimate, beautiful design contribute to the choice of this particular material for building a house. A beam differs from a log in a rectangular shape, and this is its advantage, as it allows you to immediately get a flat surface. Its benefits are obvious: it is easy to make interior and exterior cladding, any interior details can be hung on the walls. Also, the use of timber eliminates cold bridges due to the exact fit of wooden elements.

The tree allows you to create an exclusive design project for any building: a small cottage, a one-story house, a luxurious cottage. It can include balconies with beautiful railings, cozy terraces, verandas. A multi-pitched roof decorates a building more than other types of roofing, especially if it has a large total area. The project of the house must be ordered from a professional organization. This will guarantee taking into account the properties of the soil, the correct calculation of the material, and compliance with the construction technology.

Everything starts from the foundation

A house made of timber has sufficient weight, therefore, it requires a solid, reliable foundation. If it is planned to make a basement or cellar under the house, choose a strip foundation. If the soil is wet, silty, loose - the right solution would be to use screw piles. A small house can be built on a slab solid foundation. In this case, the concrete base serves at the same time as the draft floor of the first floor.

The pile-grillage foundation is arranged in the same way as the strip foundation, but with the installation of concrete piles in the trenches. It is used on loose soils with a high level of freezing. The strip foundation is the most popular: it can withstand heavy loads, can be erected without the use of equipment, the work technology is simple to perform. This type of base is suitable for all private houses, so its device is discussed below.

First, markup is made exactly along the perimeter of the future house. Designate the location of the load-bearing internal walls. According to the marking, they dig trenches, the width of which is 10 cm greater than the width of the walls. For the basement, it is necessary to dig a foundation pit of the appropriate size, for the cellar - a hole. The depth of the trenches should be greater than the freezing level of the soil, but not less than 60 cm. A sand cushion of sand (10 cm) and gravel (10 cm) is poured into the bottom of the trenches, the layers are leveled. Sand should be moistened and compacted to ensure its sufficient density. The pillow is poured with a thin layer of concrete (5 cm).

Formwork, reinforcement, concreting

For removable formwork, a 25 mm board is taken and knocked down in the form of shields. They should rise above the level of the trench by at least 40 cm (the outer height of the foundation of the house, which is indicated in the project). The displacement of the formwork is prevented by the arrangement of spacers between the inner walls and the support boards from the outside.

Reinforcement is carried out with 10 mm rods in 2 layers. The frame is laid first along, then across; the intersections are fixed with knitting wire. It is important that the rods do not touch the formwork. The gap should be 5 cm. Concrete mortar can be made in two ways:

• the ratio of cement M400 and sand 1:3;
• the ratio of cement M400, sand and special additives 1:4:4.

Concrete at the construction site can be kneaded in a concrete mixer, poured into trenches using a special concrete pump. It is important to prevent the formation of air bubbles in the foundation before it solidifies, so a cement vibrator must be used. The uncured surface is moistened with water to prevent the foundation from hardening too quickly. At this stage, the construction of a house from a bar with your own hands is suspended for 20-30 days. This time is required for the foundation to completely solidify and be able to apply the main load on itself.

The consumption of materials and the cost of the building depend on the method of assembling a house from a bar. You can reduce them if you choose a frame construction method, however, this article discusses the classic masonry of a house made of timber. Wood species that are most suitable for self-construction, easy to process and at the same time inexpensive: larch, pine, spruce.

The first crown is laid on a double layer of rolled insulation laid on the foundation. It is placed alternately with bitumen, heated to a liquid state. Thus, the following layers are obtained:

• bitumen,
• ruberoid,
• bitumen,
• ruberoid.

The width of the insulation exceeds the width of the foundation by 30 cm. Next, work begins with the timber. It is important that every detail is pre-treated with an antiseptic. It will protect the tree from decay, damage by pests. Flame retardants are also used to protect wood from burning. Impregnation of each log separately is more effective than the entire building, since in the second case, untreated areas will remain at the joints of the beams.

The very first board, lining, is rigidly attached to the foundation through a layer of waterproofing. An ebb is fixed to it, which will protect the log house from precipitation by draining water. There are 2 ways to lay the first crown:

• on the lining board
• on cross rails.

The second option provides additional clearance, and hence ventilation. Reiki 10 mm thick are attached across the foundation to the lining board in increments of 30 cm. The length of the rails is equal to the width of the board. Here it is important to constantly check the horizontal laying of the elements. It is better to use a laser level, you can use an oil-drop level. The quality of the entire structure depends on the competent, unhurried assembly of the first crown. For it, a beam of 150x150 mm is used.

Features of connecting bars

Profiled and glued beams have a 4-angle profile, and for the construction of houses, section sizes of 140x140 mm and 90x140 mm are used. The front side can be convex or flat (for profiled timber; for glued timber it is always flat). On the upper and lower side of the beam, a thorn-groove connection is made at the factory. It allows you to connect the elements as tightly and rigidly as possible. Laying of each new row is carried out on a layer of jute interventional insulation. Between themselves, the crowns are connected by vertical driving of the dowel with a step of 1 m, to a depth of 30 cm.

More about insulation

Jute insulation eliminates the formation of cold bridges in winter. This prevents condensation of the façade, mold growth in the wood structure, and significantly increases the life of the building. It is better to buy interventional insulation in the form of a tape of suitable width. Secure it with a construction stapler.

It should be noted that the use of tow or linen does not prevent the appearance of microscopic gaps in the frame, since it is impossible to ensure the uniformity of the layer. The tape insulation is deprived of these shortcomings, it has the same thickness and high-quality non-woven fabric, connected by a needle-punched method.

How to lengthen a beam?

The length of the walls of the house often exceeds the length of the beam, and in this case, it is necessary to carry out a competent connection of the joints. The assembly is carried out in dressing, that is, the vertical seam of each next row is shifted relative to the previous one. For a strong connection of the joints, they make it washed down in half a tree along the timber. After connection, rigidity is provided by driving pins. The reliability of the connection can be increased by placing the joint on the partition.

Window and door openings are arranged with the laying of a shorter beam. In these places, only solid material is used. 2 dowels are hammered into the crowns near the openings. The second method involves cutting openings in the finished log house. In this case, the pins should be located outside the opening, but close to its edge. Sawing begins with markings using a plumb line and level. The work is done with a chainsaw.

Timber roofing

A beautiful roof consists of several slopes, and the presence of an attic with several windows makes it original. In the absence of skills, you can independently arrange a gable roof - this is a practical, efficient, aesthetic type of roof. For the Mauerlat, a beam of 150x150 mm is chosen and fastened to the crown of the wall with brackets, dowels, anchor bolts.

The rafters rest on the Mauerlat. It should be noted that in this place it is customary to make a triangular notch for a stronger engagement of both elements. In wooden houses, which shrink significantly, a recess is not made, since displacement can deform the structure. The best way to attach the rafters and be able to move is to use a steel "sled" mount. It consists of 2 elements that allow the rafter to change the angle due to shrinkage of the house.

The rafter system consists of a strong beam and is a frame. It sets the shape of the roof, consists of duplicate elements. The angle of inclination, step, length, thickness of the rafters are indicated in the project. As a rule, they take a bar with a width of 150-180 mm, a thickness of 50 mm or more. Between themselves, the elements of the system are connected by a tenon-groove fastener and steel plates. Raising the rafters to a given angle is carried out with the help of special elements - rafter legs, which are the higher, the more the bars rise up.

The installed truss system is covered with a vapor barrier layer, a counter-lattice and a crate are mounted on top. The first is assembled from slats 2 cm thick, stuffing them onto the insulating material along the rafters. The crate is nailed across the rafters with nails, the pitch of the bars depends on the choice of roofing material. If tiles are laid, a continuous crate is required; for corrugated board and slate, it is nailed in increments of 30 cm.

If an attic is planned, the roof is insulated from the inside with mineral wool slabs laid between the rafters. Lining material is chosen lining or drywall. A wooden house shrinks within 1-2 years. During this period, you can live in it, but the walls cannot be finished with facing materials.

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It must be admitted that the trend of relocation from urban to rural areas has recently become fashionable. Of course, this decision is not easy to make and you need to understand that there are many troubles ahead of the settlers. The first thing that comes to mind is renting a private house or renovating an old one, but this article will focus on how to build a house from a bar with your own hands.

Immediately you need to decide on the criteria to which we will gravitate when designing and building a house, namely, relative cheapness, warmth of the room and comfort.

The customer is strongly recommended, regardless of the chosen material and method of construction, to delve into all stages of the construction process on their own, because only then can you achieve a positive result and get what you really wanted.

Advantages of building a house from a bar

Of course, it is necessary to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the technology that will be applied. First of all, you need to see photos and videos of how a house is built from a bar with your own hands.

The photo report and other supporting materials can be found on the corresponding page of the site.

Firstly, it is pleasant to be in a wooden house - this is an important fact. Secondly, the construction of such a house is quite fast. (The box can be built by 4 people in 4 days).

Thirdly, if you use the technology that is mentioned in this material, you can move into a log house immediately after construction is completed. Fourthly, the skill that would be an integral part of construction by other methods is not needed at all.

It is important to identify the cons. The main disadvantage is that a material such as wood is used, the harvesting of which is carried out by completely unacceptable methods, that is, violating the environment. Second - a house made of timber cannot be abandoned without finishing. Despite the inexpensive construction, you need to be prepared for the fact that you will have to spend an impressive amount of money on finishing, finishing, covering the beam with an antiseptic to protect rot and fungus, etc. In addition, the building will need to be insulated, especially if it is built in places with cold winters.

Construction technology

Of course, it is best to draw up a project of a house from a bar with your own hands. One of the first steps is the time-consuming marking for dowels.

Here it is better to contact a professional who would help with this stage. The technology is such that dowels are drilled on each marked beam immediately: from above and below, and this is done strictly according to the tape measure. As a result, if everything is accurately cut down, trimmed, the beam easily sits one on top of the other.

It is necessary to determine the sequence of actions. For clarity, we recommend watching a video of building a house from a bar with your own hands.

The first step is to prepare the workplace: they make some skeleton, then the bars are moved. Those with a hump are naturally placed on top, etc. That is, it is necessary to mark the bars - which one will go where. Another builder no longer thinks about which side will be the top and which is the bottom - he is already planing, seeing the markup. Then they make other types of markup: end, etc.

With my own hands. This question is relevant, because wooden buildings are very warm, in addition, they are completely environmentally friendly and look very unusual.

How to choose quality material

Compliance with all construction technologies does not at all guarantee that the house will be strong and durable. One of the most important requirements for obtaining a reliable building is the use of quality material. Most often, coniferous wood is used for the construction of a wooden house. This is due to the fact that such material meets sanitary and hygienic standards. In addition, it is more resistant to decay than others, cracks do not appear on it (provided that it is used correctly), and it is easy to process it, as well as mount it, which is explained by its low weight.

Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands, you need to choose a material that has undergone a high-quality drying process. This will make the shrinkage not so significant. After all, it not only makes the initial height of the building smaller, but is also accompanied by the formation of grooves between the logs, which then have to be filled.

In addition, for the construction of a house, you can choose a solid or profiled beam (the latter, by the way, only involves assembly on the territory of the work). After the process is completed, you will receive a building that is resistant to deformation. External weather influences are not terrible for profiled timber, as the logs are fitted as tightly as possible. After shrinkage, the walls of the house do not have to be caulked, which makes operation more pleasant.

Characteristics of a solid bar

Before proceeding directly to the discussion of the question "how to build a house from a bar with your own hands" (photos of finished buildings, by the way, you can see in the article), let's say a few words about such an option as a solid bar. It looks, of course, not as attractive as profiled, but it also has a lot of advantages. Among the main ones are affordable prices. But before purchasing, you need to pay attention to the quality of the material, as it has natural moisture and can be affected by fungus. In order for the building to retain heat, it will have to be insulated even at the construction stage, moreover, the process should be repeated after shrinkage.

Foundation construction

Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands, you need to build a foundation. An excellent base will be a tape design. The markup is done first. The territory is cleared, the top layer of soil is removed from it, the thickness of which is approximately 7-10 cm. Next, you can dig a trench 1.5 m wide, while its depth should be 2.5 m. Now you can install the formwork. Reinforcement made of steel bars Ø1.5 cm should be laid in it, their length is limited to 2-2.5 m.

If a private developer is faced with the question of how to build a house from a bar with his own hands, then he should know that the foundation must be of the highest quality. It is impossible to make it as such if you do not lay a backfill on the bottom of the trench, which should consist of a hydrogenous material and have a thickness of 30-50 cm. The next step is pouring concrete. It is preferable to order a mortar at the factory or rent a concrete mixer for this. As a prerequisite for the formation of the foundation, the next layer is poured before the previous one is covered with a crust. In the flooded state, the base is left for up to five days. It is recommended to cover the foundation with waterproofing before building walls; for this, rolled roofing material is suitable, which is laid on bituminous mastic.

Walling

You should know what work to be done at the stage of building walls even before you build a house from a bar with your own hands. Photos of such buildings are presented in the article, so you have visual material. To do this, you can purchase a bar with a section of 200x200 or 150x150 mm. First you have to choose one of the cutting methods. For example, walls can be assembled into a paw. For cutting using this technology, a pair of logs will have to be placed opposite each other on the foundation. After another pair is folded perpendicularly, so that a square is obtained. At the next stage, a “nest” should be formed in each log, designed for fastening. It should be in the shape of a trapezoid. In the resulting recess, it is necessary to install the next log, and make the same “nest” in it. It is necessary to carry out such work until the walls reach the design height.

Alternative felling options

If you are still thinking about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands, you can learn more about this in this article.

So, another cutting option is called "dovetail". It is similar to the previous one. But the "nest" in this case should not have a perpendicular appearance, it will have to be done at an angle, which will allow each next log to be laid in the recess of the previous one. In order to cut "into the bowl", you have to use a tool called the "line". It resembles a compass and is used to perform the correct markup. In each log, a "bowl" is made from below. At the next stage, it is necessary to lay the next log so that the “bowl” on top of the installed beam repeats the outlines of the lower one. This cutting technology allows for excellent stability. designs

Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands with a basement, you need to lay the foundation. Suitable for this, for example, a tape base. After erecting the foundation, you can proceed to the construction of walls, they can be assembled by cutting "in half a tree". This technology involves the need to make small holes for the dowels. It is recommended to place them in places that are near the junction of corners. When choosing the length of the veneer, it must be taken into account that it should be enough for more than one crown. You can apply a more popular version of this technology, which provides for the need to fold and install the dowel into the joints of the logs. This will improve the reliability of the corners.

Wall assembly features

What else is needed for a practical solution to the question: "How to build a house from a bar with your own hands?" Projects! You can take as a basis those presented in the article. It will be easiest to assemble walls from profiled timber. Crowns can be fastened together using dowels. They will prevent the log from twisting. You can make such a fastener using wood or steel. The latter option will last much longer, as it is characterized by increased strength. Their installation is carried out through two crowns, and after - through one. Why is a hole made in the log, the diameter of which is 3 cm. The step between the dowels should be at least 1.5 m.

Sealant should be laid between rows. At the points where the external walls are joined, it is recommended to use the so-called "warm corner" lock. To form it, a spike is made in one log, and a groove in the other. Both elements must exactly match each other in terms of parameters. This allows for a rigid structure.

Installation of partitions

Partitions should be cut into the structure of the main walls. In order to build them, you need to use a beam, the cross section of which is 100x150 mm. Engage in the formation of partitions should only be after the construction of the log house. If you have chosen a house project consisting of two floors, then there must be at least one partition on the first floor. She will act as a support.

Work on the floor

Before you build a house from a bar with your own hands, you need to gradually understand the processes to be performed. For example, it is recommended to assemble the floor using heat insulators. The design of the floor should be double, this will guarantee the preservation of heat in the premises even in cold weather. Initially, a rough floor is mounted. For this, it is recommended to use a cutting board. Usually the material is hemmed from below. But it is worth considering that this technology does not guarantee a reliable design, and the boards can come off. In order to exclude this phenomenon, it is necessary to connect the boards together. At the next stage, the cranial beam comes into play, the fixation of which is carried out to the lags. Insulation is laid between the two layers of the floor.

Ceiling and roof construction

If you are thinking about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands, the ceiling, or rather, the method of arranging it, should be thought out to the smallest detail. It is also important what material will be used as roofing. It can be roofing material or metal tile. But initially it is necessary to install ceiling beams and rafters, which is done after the walls are erected. The logs should slightly extend beyond the wall, by about 50 cm. As a material for them, it is recommended to use a bar with a cross section of 150x100 mm. Its installation is carried out on the edge with a step of 100 cm.

Then you can proceed to the installation of boards, which will form the basis of the truss system. The fastening must be rigid. Now you can lay the gables, which are formed from a bar 150x150 mm. Do not forget about waterproofing, which must be laid before the arrangement of the ceiling screed. For a log house, it is best to use filler or roll waterproofing.

Formation of openings

If you are thinking about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands, the instructions will not hurt you. It can be found in this article. It is also important to know how the pigtail is made. It is recommended to make openings after the completion of construction, then the work will be simplified, compared with marking and cutting openings during the laying of walls. We should not forget about the pigtail: this is due to the fact that this process will allow you to leave the structure intact. Among other things, this manipulation has another advantage, which is to prevent displacement of the lateral located crowns during shrinkage.

Completion of the construction process

So, you already know almost everything about how to build a house from a bar with your own hands. Where to start, we have considered, now we will discuss how to finish. One of the advantages of a wooden house is that its walls do not imply the need to finish them. This applies to both the inner surface and the outer. Moreover, in the first year after the completion of construction, this cannot be done at all, since the house will shrink. The only thing to do with the log is to cover it with protective agents that will not allow the wood to rot and burn. Of course, it will not be possible to make walls absolutely fireproof, but if treated with the appropriate compounds, the tree will not ignite so quickly when exposed to direct flame.

Tools and materials

Finally, we will pay attention to one more important point, without which, by no means, it will not be possible to solve the question of how to build a house from a bar with your own hands. Tools (and they need a lot) will be needed by any master - both a beginner and a professional. So, you need to prepare the following minimum set:

• electric or chainsaw;
• hacksaws with large and small teeth;
• drills of different diameters;
• hammers;
• level;
• nail puller;
• several roulettes;
• jointer for processing, etc.

After completion of the work, you can immediately enter the house, which is very much appreciated by consumers. And if you choose a unique project, then your home will look very interesting.

Each person should have a roof over their heads, which can be an apartment in a multi-storey building or a private house. And if it is enough for women to earn money for apartments, draw up a sale and purchase transaction and move in, then men, according to the ancient Russian rule, need to build this house with their own hands. And this is a great option to discover new abilities in yourself and at the same time decently save on hiring professional construction workers. You can comprehend the art of building wooden houses on your own. The main thing is to choose the right material and technology for the construction of a residential building.

There are no gaps in the house made of timber, since all structural elements are tightly joined to each other, excluding heat from escaping to the outside.

Most often they tend to choose wooden structures, for example, glued beams or rounded logs. The technology of their construction is the same, but the quality of the materials is different. You can build a house from a bar with your own hands with 2-3 assistants. Heavy equipment is not needed for this, but you only need to purchase:

• concrete mixing machine;
• a pump with which concrete is supplied;
• chainsaw;
• winch;
• and other small carpenter's tools, with which you can not only assemble a log house, but also adjust, if necessary, its constituent elements.

What should the house look like?

Photo #1. The height of the boards above the level of the trench should be at least 40 cm.

A do-it-yourself house, the building material for which will be timber, can be built not too high - no more than 3 floors. Such qualities of this lumber guarantee a favorable indoor climate, beautiful design and durability of service, of course, subject to the instructions and proper operation of the premises. The advantage of using a beam is that, unlike a log, it has flat edges, which allow you to spend less effort and time on subsequently making the interior and exterior of the building. At the same time, this design will allow you to fix absolutely any accessories on the walls, with the help of which the interior of the interior will be decorated. Moreover, the use of this kind of wood excludes the release of heat to the outside due to the fact that the components of a wooden house fit snugly against each other.

Photo #2. The finished solution should be similar in consistency to thick sour cream.

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Initial stages of construction

Everyone knows that every building must have a foundation under it, on which depends how long the house will stand and how it will serve.

Wood has a fairly heavy weight, and therefore requires the construction of a solid, reliable foundation, in no way inferior to that which is laid, for example, under a stone building.

Photo #3. Steel wire or metal mesh is used to reinforce the foundation.

If you plan to make a cellar or basement under the house, then you should choose the traditional tape type of foundation. But, when solving such an important issue, it is not enough to take into account only the practical features of the building, it is also important to assess the condition of the soil that prevails on the site allocated for construction. It is good if the soil is predominantly sandy, on which you can create any, even a shallow foundation, but not everyone is so lucky. In most cases, the site has moist, viscous and loose soil, the right solution in this case would be to use a pile foundation. A small house can be built on a reinforced concrete slab, which will serve as a subfloor for the first floor.

The pile-grillage version of the foundation is similar in its method to the tape one, however, in this case, metal piles are also wrapped in the trenches. It is used on loose soils, which are characterized by an increased level of freezing. The most popular option is tape, which is able to withstand huge loads, while it can be erected without the use of heavy equipment - only with the help of a shovel, reinforcing mesh and concrete mortar. This type of foundation is best suited for building a private house. To begin with, carefully determine the perimeter of the future house and proceed to marking the territory, indicating its position on the spot, taking into account internal partitions and walls.

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Construction of a strip foundation for a house made of timber

Photo #4. The first crown of the beam is laid on the transverse rails, the gaps will provide ventilation in the house.

It is necessary to mark the trenches so that their width exceeds the width of the home walls by 10 cm. At the digging stage, if you need to create a basement, you need to dig a hole under it according to the dimensions that you would like to have. It is necessary to lay the foundation to a depth that exceeds the level of soil freezing, therefore, trenches are dug at least 60 cm deep. Fill their bottom with a sand cushion, the layer of which is 10 cm, another 10 cm of gravel or crushed stone is placed on top of it. The sand must be moistened with clean water and compacted, which ensures sufficient density of the base, the concrete foundation will not sag.

After that, a removable formwork is organized, to create which you need to take unedged boards 2.5 cm thick and put together fences from them, which are located around the entire perimeter of the foundation, making a kind of stretching of trenches in height (photo No. 1). At the same time, the boards should rise above the level of the trench by at least 40 cm. The external and internal parts of the formwork for the fortress must be pulled together using a board nailed between them. Inside the foundation, it is necessary to lay reinforcement, which will significantly strengthen the foundation of the building. As reinforcement, it will be possible to use a metal mesh or steel wire (photo No. 3). Then proceed to mixing the concrete solution, with which the dug trenches will be filled. So, to create the perfect mixture, take 1 part M400 cement, 3 parts river sand, 5 parts gravel and 200 g of plasticizer. All these ingredients are mixed in a concrete mixer, where another 13-14 liters of water are gradually added.

Subsequent crowns are joined together by grooves or ridges, which are located on the upper and lower ends of the timber.

A well-mixed solution should resemble the consistency of thick sour cream (photo No. 2). It is sent into the trench with the help of a special pump for concrete. Make sure that air bubbles do not form in the structure of the poured concrete; for this, and in order for the foundation surface to be even, you need to use a cement vibrator. The uncured solution is wetted from above with water. This is necessary to prevent a very rapid hardening of the solution. In order for it to dry completely and gain strength, the construction site must be left alone for about 1 month, after which it will be possible to continue work.

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Do-it-yourself technology for building a building from a bar

There are several ways to build a log house, recently frame construction, which has long been known abroad - in Europe and Canada, has become very popular. This method is easy to build and economical. However, it is not suitable for all climatic zones of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the surest option would be to follow the classical technology of building a house. As a building material, it is necessary to use the tree that will contain such qualities as strength, durability, durability and ease of processing. They are possessed by several tree species at once, but larch, spruce and pine can be called the most accessible. No one forbids, of course, the use of cedar in work, but it is too expensive.

So, having brought building material, start laying out the first crowns, which will serve as the basis for the log house. The first beam under the house with your own hands must be laid on a foundation covered with two layers of waterproofing material, for example, roofing material, which is shifted with bitumen and heated, almost melting it. Before laying the timber on the prepared surface, all lumber should be treated with an antiseptic solution, which will protect the wood from decay and damage from insect pests. Along with this, flame retardant compounds are used that protect the wood from the danger of combustion. You will need to impregnate each log separately. Sometimes construction companies supply already processed beams, which cost an order of magnitude more expensive than unprocessed ones.

In order to attach the first crown to the foundation, you can use one of two options:

• lay it on a support board;
• lay on the cross rails.

The latter option looks more practical, since it can be used to organize an additional gap, due to which ventilation in the house will be ensured. To do this, prepare several rails, the thickness of which is 1 cm. They are attached to the foundation lining in a transverse arrangement in increments of 30 cm. ).

- planed timber (inexpensive, easy to use, has standard parameters; but, at the same time, it always requires thorough drying, does not differ in a perfectly even surface and geometrically exact same dimensions);

- profiled timber (it has its own fastening system “thorn-groove” or wavy “comb”; but for perfect laying, it is better to buy this type of timber with a margin - this will make it more likely that fasteners from different batches will fit together);

- glued laminated timber (ideal for building a house without construction experience, due to its small shrinkage, working with it allows you to simultaneously perform other construction tasks; but when purchasing this raw material, you need to monitor its quality, density and uniformity of the lamellas).

General tips for self-building a house from a bar.

1. The “gold standard” for timber is considered to be a section of 100x150 or 150x150 mm.

2. Tree annual rings should be evenly spaced along the entire length of the timber, preferably in its center.

3. Coniferous trees are the undisputed leaders among the suppliers of raw materials for future beams.

4. All beams used must be the same in length, width, curves, thickness, and so on.

First, we make drawings of the future home, make measurements on the ground and the corresponding calculations. You can sketch a project of a house from a bar yourself or turn to specialists. After creating the project, we determine the amount of the required material, purchase it, and we can begin direct work on the house.

Before choosing what type of foundation you will lay under the base of the house, you will need to answer questions such as:

- what features of the structure can affect the foundation?

- what type of soil prevails in your area and how far from the surface is groundwater?

It will also be necessary to take into account a number of desirable recommendations for arranging the foundation:

- if piles are involved in the process of work, then it is also recommended to use a grillage so that there are no gaps between the ground and the house;

- the lower crown should be located above the ground at a distance of at least 50 cm;

- if reinforcement is used for the construction of the foundation, then its knitting in places of strong bends is permissible only with the help of metal fasteners manually, but it is better not to use welding in this case - this can destroy the very structure of the material.

The most popular options for the foundation for a house made of timber are tape, shallow and pile. Tape is good for buildings with cellars and basements, shallow - for sandy soil, pile - for loose and all other types of soil.

The first crown is usually laid on additional boards to avoid possible moisture on the timber. These boards are impregnated with antiseptics and act as a kind of link between the foundation and the lower crown. Under them, you can also lay waterproofing - this will provide decent protection from moisture from the surface of the earth.

Also, the first crown can be placed on the cross rails, immediately leaving small gaps between them for proper ventilation of the base. Because of this, this option is considered more rational.

An important point - when laying the crowns, you should constantly monitor the correct height of the structure, and using the building level - monitor the evenness of the laying of the timber and the entire surface as a whole.

The crowns are fastened together with special dowels, grooves or ridges, and corner joints are made in half a beam / in a bowl / paw / warm corner (optional). In addition, construction logs are cut into the first or second crown for laying the future floor. A sealant (for example, jute) must be laid between all the crowns.

At the same time, during the laying of the crowns, all seams and joints must be sealed, and the walls must be impregnated with fire protection solutions.

To create openings, you can try the following option - in the places of the planned doors and windows, the bars can be laid out shorter at the distance from each other into which your window or future door will fit. When using this technology, dowels should be mounted on both sides of the opening.

If this method seems too laborious to you, then cutting out suitable holes in a solid wall structure from a bar is another option, however, in this case, you will have extra building material that could initially be used with greater benefit. Although, on the other hand, the use of this method will make it possible to more accurately calculate the parameters of windows and doors, since cutting can be done at the stage of complete drying of the timber and acquiring the final appearance after shrinkage.

It is customary to make floors in houses made of timber in the same way as in any wooden building - in the form of flooring on logs or special beams that serve as ceilings. We put a draft and finishing floor with additional thermal insulation and insulation. The flooring is left to the discretion and imagination of the owner, and the ceiling is already done at the finish line, in the complex of finishing works - it can be sheathed with siding, clapboard, and so on, or you can leave hanging beams and additional ceilings as decoration.

We take care of the roof.

If you don’t be smart, then it’s probably better not to find an ordinary gable roof option. This type of roof involves the rigid fastening of the rafters and the arrangement of additional frame gables. The roof itself can also be made of wood - it is assembled from bars on the ground, then lifted up and fixed in the form of a single bar. On top of such a rafter system, a crate is mounted, on which the direct material for the construction of the roof is attached - tiles, slate, ondulin, metal tiles.

During the final drying of the timber from which the house is built, the formation of gaps in the structure is almost inevitable, through which valuable heat will be lost. In this regard, it is better to caulk all seams, joints and alleged weak points with jute even before this stage.

It will also be useful to paint the walls of a house made of timber - in addition to external beauty, varnishes and paint will protect the tree from UV rays and precipitation. Before painting, of course, it would be useful to grind the entire surface of the walls.

But as for such popular finishing options as the use of siding, sandwich panels and the like, then it is undoubtedly worth considering - log houses are mostly good on their own (see photo) and do not require additional decoration. The maximum that is allowed here is the use of varnishes and paints. However, this side of the issue always remains at the discretion of the owner of such a structure.

The minimum set of tools that you should have at hand:

- an ax and a hammer;

- nails, self-tapping screws, screws, dowels;

- jute or other heat-insulating material;

- electric screwdriver;

- perforator;

- building level and tape measure;

- electric drill and power saw.

About what else will be useful to know for building a house from a bar, we look at the video.