How to put the first row of timber on the foundation. Preparation for laying the first crown of a log house - careful calculation and implementation of waterproofing measures for the foundation

Laying the first crown of timber - secrets and tricks

Before starting the construction of a house, everyone has a question: how to put the first crown of timber? It is necessary to lay the first crown of a house from a bar as thoroughly as possible, with mathematical calculations, so that the walls of the future house stand perfectly exactly at an angle of 90 degrees. This is not too difficult to do - the main thing is not to rush and prepare very well for this work.

Before starting the laying of the first crown, it is necessary to lay at least two layers of waterproofing, then a lining board and then another layer of the same waterproofing.

Waterproofing between the frame and the foundation

Before laying the timber, the foundation should be waterproofed to the maximum. To do this, lay the roofing felt twice, and then lay the glass isol once. All laid layers should exceed the width of your foundation by 25 centimeters along its entire perimeter.

The stacked beams should be in contact with each other as tightly as possible, in no case should even the slightest voids be left in the wall, especially its lower part. After all, it is on this part that the floor is subsequently hung and all serious loads go.

You need to fasten the bars to each other on metal dowels to a depth of 3 centimeters, and finish them off with a wooden mallet. If the beam has a slight bend, lay it down with its even edge. There are times when the connection of the lower bars requires additional fastening with staples or nails (you need to put them through 2 crowns).

Before laying waterproofing on the foundation of roofing material. check that its upper plane is strictly horizontal. You need to check the horizontalness with your own hands with a hydraulic level, since a simple level often gives a large error. The difference should not be more than 1 cm on the entire plane of the foundation. If the difference in level is greater, level the plane with a mortar or an additional layer of waterproofing.

We lay the first crown of the log house - assembly diagram

Before laying the beam on the foundation, we need to take care of the durability of our structure. To do this, lay out the slats pre-treated with an antiseptic, about 10-15 mm thick. The distance between them is 25-30 cm.

1. Well, on top of the exposed rails, we put our first layer of bars.

Reiki are necessary to prevent contact of the crown with the foundation. This trick will greatly increase the life of the log house, thanks to additional protection against decay, and we fill the gap between the beam and the foundation with mounting foam.

• Next, we check the level for evenness of the surface - after all, an uneven wall is obtained from an uneven 1st crown.
• After eliminating inaccuracies, we fill the gap with mounting foam. The beam must be prepared in advance, even when materials are delivered to the site. Choose the best bars that have a minimum number of knots, as even as possible, without blue. The beam must be selected according to the cut of the annual rings - choose the one with the density of the rings which is as high as possible (in this case, the beam should be the middle part of this tree). At the end of the cut, you should see circles that diverge from the center. The selected wood must be greased several times with bituminous mastic (liquid), in combination with mining, so that the composition is absorbed as deeply as possible into the future beam. The ends do not need to be processed, they must be clean, because excess moisture will be removed from the wood through them. From how you process the wood. the service life of the lower crown and the time after which it will be necessary to replace it directly depend.

  In some cases, it is not necessary to attach the first crown to the foundation - a house made of timber will be quite heavy and will stand very well on the foundation without anchors. Angular joints are made without the use of locks, the timber is joined at the ends. Such joints are made so that in the future it will be possible to replace any beam, without dismantling the corners. In the corners, the beam, when adjoining various partitions, is connected with metal plates or brackets.

  Although many builders tightly fix the timber between themselves and to the foundation.

  All angles must be strictly 90 degrees, then the geometry of the house is considered ideal. It is necessary to check that the length of the opposite sides is equal, and the diagonals between the corners (opposite) of the house coincide - if everything is correct, then the corners are drawn exactly. When working on laying the lower rows, in no case should you rush, because it depends on what walls will be obtained during further construction.

  How to lay out the first crown of a house from a bar?

  When building a wooden house, the quality of laying the first row of beams is of great importance. It depends on this how smooth the walls will be, because it is quite difficult to correct errors during the construction process.

  The strength and reliability of the entire structure as a whole depends on how well and correctly the first crown of the house is laid out of timber.

  To properly lay the timber on the foundation, it is not necessary to have special knowledge or experience, but, of course, you will have to try very well.

  Selection and preparation of building material

  The timber for building a house must be of high quality.

  For a house from a bar, it is necessary to choose the highest quality wood, with a high density, a smooth surface and not damp. It is desirable that the bars for the first row be cut from the core of the tree, this can be determined by the annual rings on the slices, they should be very tight and diverge from the center. Logs with black spots or a cut of a bluish tint cannot be used as a base.

  The most even bars with the least number of knots are selected and impregnated with liquid bituminous mastic, to which waste oil is added. The protective composition is applied 3 or 4 times so that the tree is soaked as deep as possible, while the sections must be left untreated - moisture will come out through them. The impregnated bars are laid out on a flat open surface and allowed to dry completely. After that, the material is ready for laying.

  Foundation waterproofing device

  The scheme of fastening the lower trim and waterproofing under the first crown.

  Waterproofing a house from a bar should be carried out after checking the foundation with a water level. With height differences of more than 1 cm, the foundation surface must be leveled with a concrete mortar. Next, a bituminous mixture is prepared and the base is covered with a dense layer, diligently filling in the smallest cracks and gaps. After that, the roofing material is heated with a gasoline or gas burner, cut into strips and laid directly on the mastic. The width of the strips should be more than the width of the foundation by about 20 cm. At the joints, the roofing material is overlapped by 10-15 cm, heated separately and again coated with mastic. When the first layer of waterproofing is laid, another one is made in the same way.

  On top of the roofing material, it is recommended to lay a layer of glass isol, all layers should protrude beyond the edges of the foundation at the same distance along the entire perimeter. Instead of glass isol, you can use a laying board, but then it should be closed on top with roofing felt and all seams should be glued with mastic. The better the waterproofing is, the more durable the building will be.

  Laying the first row of logs

  The design of the nodes of the first crown of the house from a bar.

  To properly lay the first crown at home, you should prepare the following materials:

  • wooden slats 15 mm thick;
  • beam;
  • metal staples;
  • mounting foam.

  Reiki must be impregnated with any antiseptic that will protect the wood from damage.

  First, the slats are laid on the waterproofing. They should be placed across the foundation strip every 30 cm, with the length of the slats corresponding to the width of the foundation, as shown in the figure. Now prepared bars begin to be laid on top, which form the first crown.

  It is very important that the corners correspond to 90 °, otherwise the house will be skewed. Also, after the formation of a row, its location relative to the horizontal is checked.

  If individual sections protrude from a common plane, they are leveled with a planer. Corner elements are joined at the ends and fixed with metal brackets.

  When the crown of the house is laid, the resulting gaps between the waterproofing and the timber are filled with mounting foam. This will not only strengthen the structure, but also protect it from the penetration of rodents, insects, water and snow. There is no need to attach the beam to the foundation, since the structure will be heavy enough and will not be able to move. On this, the laying of the first row is considered complete. This is followed by the stage of mounting vertical racks inside the perimeter and cutting holes in the beam for the log, after which you can proceed to the further construction of the walls of the house from the beam.

  If the material for construction is chosen correctly and the installation technology is strictly followed, the house will last for decades without requiring major repairs. The most important thing is to carry out each process with the highest quality, then even a lack of experience will not hurt to build a strong, reliable and tidy house with your own hands.

  How to lay the first crown of timber on the foundation?

  The very first responsible and not fast stage of laying walls from a bar is the installation of the first crown. Consider how to lay the first crown of timber on the foundation. Here you need to prepare very well - treat the timber for the first row with an antiseptic (wood impregnation) and it is better to do this from all sides so that the material is protected from decay. Usually it is enough to repeat the antiseptic procedure 2 times.

  It would seem that it is difficult to build walls from a bar, because it is almost like a designer, but the most difficult moments, it turns out, are to create a flat horizontal surface, which is often not achieved when pouring the foundation. Therefore, if the foundation is not ideal (not made according to the level), we align the horizontal position in one of the following ways:

  • 1) level the foundation with a layer of mortar (concrete);
  • 2) we smooth the bars under the first crown, and later we fill the gaps with mounting foam or lay the foundation;
  • 3) cut off the beam of the first crown, so that it is even horizontally along the upper plane;
  • 4) we make a lining board 10 mm, cutting and adjusting it to the ideal horizontal, and the first crown will be laid on it;
  • 5) we make brickwork or masonry from structural foam concrete (grades not lower than D-500), due to which we will, by adjusting the thickness of the seams, find precious centimeters and create an even line.

  Before laying the timber, it is imperative to make waterproofing. For example, put 2-3 layers of roofing material (or hydroisol) on the foundation, which will cut off moisture from the foundation, which is detrimental to the timber. The bottom row can be laid out with boards 50-100 mm thick and fastened together in a "thorn groove".

  However, you can do without a lining board, immediately laying the first crown on the waterproofing.

  The lower rims of the timber must be trimmed, and to connect them, prepare spikes with grooves (you can use the dovetail connection), trying not to confuse the position of the recesses and depressions.

  We fasten the first crown of the house from a bar in the corners with the help of metal staples, hammering them “under the face”). Here is a general answer to the question of how to lay the first crown of timber on the foundation. This initial stage of laying the timber takes a lot of time, but after it the rest of the work will go much faster.

  How to lay the first crowns on the foundation

  
  Laying the first crown of timber - secrets and tricks Before starting to build a house, everyone has a question: how to put the first crown of timber? It is necessary to lay the first crown of a house from a bar ...

Laying timber

• Tools and materials
• Beam laying technology
• Features of the insulation process
• Installing beams on the foundation
• The final stages of installation

Every home craftsman involved in the construction of his own house, at a certain stage, the question arises of how to lay the timber on the foundation.

To build a house from a bar, a strip foundation is often used with a height of 0.5 m above the ground.

Tools and materials

To work, you need to prepare the following materials and tools:

• waterproofing material;
• building level;
• fasteners, anchors, dowels, nuts with wide washers;
• wooden mallet;
• antiseptics;
• electric planer.

Beam laying technology

The main point in the construction of a wooden house is the choice of timber.

Scheme of laying timber.

The best of them are considered smooth, with the least number of knots and without a shade of blue. When choosing a bar, you should pay attention to the annual rings. Preference is given to the bars, the density of the rings of which is the highest.

Laying timber cannot be carried out at a high level without a well-executed foundation. The ideal option is a concrete monolithic slab, but the high cost of the material in most cases makes it impossible to use it. The exception is moving soil, where it is impossible to build a foundation of a different type.

Quite often, for the construction of a wooden house from a bar, a strip foundation is used, the height of which above ground level should be at least 0.5 m. The elevated part is made of brick.

1. Before the laying of the bars of the first crown is carried out, first determine that side of it, which will be located inside the room. The side of the timber on which there is a visible defect will be directed upwards. The side of the beam, which has bulges, will be the side. In the process of laying the timber, it is necessary to take into account its shrinkage, according to which the final facing of the house is carried out after 1-2 years.
2. The beam of the lower crown is coated with mining, the rest of it is treated with special antiseptic compounds.
3. To lay the first crown of a wooden house, everyone is carried out quite thoroughly, making all the necessary mathematical calculations. This is necessary so that the walls of the new house are strictly at an angle of 90 °. The most important thing is not to rush at this stage and do everything with maximum accuracy.

Features of the insulation process

Scheme of waterproofing the foundation from above under the timber.

Before proceeding to the installation of the first crown, insulation must be carried out, for which two layers of waterproofing material should be laid, between which a lining board is placed.

The insulation includes two layers of rolled roofing felt and glass insulation. All materials are laid in such a way that their edges protrude 25 cm beyond the foundation. At the corners, the insulation is overlapped.

Before the insulation is laid between the crown and the base, you need to check the foundation surface, which should be perfectly flat, without drops. To do this, use a hydraulic level, which is more accurate than usual. Differences of no more than 1 cm relative to the entire plane of the foundation are allowed. Strong differences are removed by laying roofing material or leveling with cement mortar.

An equally important point is to seal the gap between the foundation and the lower crown of the beam.

The most common method is to add cement mortar under a layer of waterproofing material. Work can be complicated due to the difficulty of access to the right place. In some cases, the gap is simply sealed with wooden scraps of a certain thickness. Wooden wedges or boards are fastened between the roofing material and the bottom beam, which are tightly driven in until the gap is completely eliminated. There can be an unlimited number of such inserts both in length and width.

Scheme of laying timber on the foundation.

The most common method of sealing gaps in recent years is to foam them with construction foam, which is sold in cans. It will be better to carry out such work in wet weather, when the material sets very well.

A day after foaming, the excess material is cut off with a sharp knife. In the future, the area between the lower crown and the plinth is covered with metal tides or a decorative strip. This is necessary in order to protect the foam from exposure to direct sunlight, under the influence of which it will collapse in just one season. In addition, a reliable barrier is created for the accumulation of moisture, which will lead to rotting of the wood.

Installing beams on the foundation

After the foundation is insulated, proceed with the installation of the lower trim.

The beams installed on the foundation should fit snugly enough to each other without the formation of a minimum space between them. This is especially true of the lower part of the log house, where the floor will be created and where significant loads will be applied.

Between themselves, the bars are fastened with metal dowels, which are achieved using a wooden mallet. In some cases, if necessary, the bars are additionally fastened with staples or nails.

The scheme of fastening the bars to each other.

Docking of the bars of the lower crown with each other occurs by sampling at the corners by any of the existing methods:

• “in half a tree” - a variant of laying beams, in which the upper half of the array is removed in the corner joints on one beam, and the lower half on the other;
• "in the paw" - the most common way of joining the beams, which is the opposite and does not include the end part of the log, protruding beyond the wall level.

By means of nuts and wide washers, the beam is fastened to the surface of the foundation. A wide washer will allow you to expand the area of ​​\u200b\u200btouch of the nut with the surface of the tree. You only need to use a hex nut, and square or round nuts are not suitable for such purposes. If narrow nuts are used to fasten the beams or not used at all, then during the installation work it will be quite clear that the nut will completely sink into the surface of the beam and the connection of the frame elements of the house will be unreliable and short-lived.

The final stages of installation

When the bars of the lower crown in the corners have been fastened with dowels or nails, the anchor is usually not installed. In the future, the first anchors will be installed on the inner contour of the fundamental strip.

1. There should be at least 2 anchor bolts on one piece of wooden beam, but on the condition that the house has short walls.
2. Using the building level, carefully check the diagonals and corners of the lower crown. All existing irregularities are eliminated with an electric planer.
3. After the bars are attached to the foundation, they begin to install the vertical racks of the frame of the house.

The issue of fastening the beam to the foundation is controversial and has both supporters and opponents. Despite this, experts argue that fastening is mandatory, since the foundation tends to be in motion, it is often said that it “walks”. Rigid fixation of the lower trim completely assumes any movement of the base.

In the most critical situation, the lower crown of the bars can move slightly to the side or pull out the anchor. That is why the fastening of the beam to the surface of the foundation guarantees the stability of the entire structure.

In some cases, the lower crown of the log house is not fastened to the foundation, since this is considered superfluous. Under the weight of its own weight, a house made of beams will stand quite firmly without anchors. Corner joints are created without the use of special locks, and the beam itself is joined by means of ends. This method allows, as necessary, to replace any part of the beam without disassembling the corners.

How to lay a beam on the foundation: installation steps (video)

Every home craftsman involved in the construction of his own house, at a certain stage, the question arises of how to lay the timber on the foundation. In addition, the isolation of the base is also of interest.

How to lay a beam on the foundation? Analysis of all the subtleties

Right away, on a bare, albeit completely dried-out foundation, it is absolutely impossible to lay a crown. Moreover, lumber, barely brought from the warehouse, is not suitable for starting work.

• The first thing to do is to isolate the base from water. A house on earth is affected not only by precipitation, but also by groundwater. Their seasonal rises are by no means the only danger. Even the presence of groundwater in a state of temporary rest does not stop their insidious influence on the foundation, since there is such a thing as capillary penetration. Therefore, the foundation must be thoroughly protected from moisture. For this purpose, its evenness is checked by a level and height differences are eliminated - by filling the cavities with concrete or laying pieces of roofing material.

Those who bought a profiled beam will connect it in the way that the profile suggests. If you have stocked up on a budget option, you will have to do carpentry work on sampling wood at the ends to connect the timber in the corners. There may be several options.

• "Half-tree". The simplest connection is at the stage of timber preparation. The upper half of the lumber is removed on one element and the lower half on the second. However, such a connection is considered not the most successful, because in case of errors in sampling or assembly, the house bears
• significant heat losses.

The process is as follows.

• On top of the rails, strictly along the marked perimeter, the first row of timber is placed. Its geometry is carefully checked by level.

After laying out the first row of timber, the gap provided by the underlayment rails is filled. There are several ways to eliminate the gap: it is clogged with wooden wedges, smeared with cement mortar. But modern craftsmen often blow out the gap with mounting foam. Until it dries, no further work is carried out. After swollen excess foam is simply cut off.

How to lay a beam on the foundation? Analysis of all the subtleties - Easy repair of apartments and houses

The instruction on how to lay the beam on the foundation is simple in general terms, but requires extreme precision and accuracy from the builder. Incorrect calculation and negligence in work will lead to

How to lay a beam on the foundation when building a house, bathhouse or other building from it? There are various fastening options. An important point is the waterproofing of the base. Protection from water is needed so that the lower crowns do not rot. If the differences in the foundation level exceed 1 cm, then the supporting surface is first leveled. Compliance with the technology of installation work allows you to get a high-quality result - a durable structure.

Methods for fastening the bars of the first row

The lower crown of a beam for a log house or a frame-panel structure requires replacement most often, so the laying is done so that repairs can be easily carried out.

To connect the bars to the foundation, the following materials are used:

• hairpins;
• pins.

It happens that builders do not fix the first crown of timber to the base. Due to the significant weight of the building, they believe that the displacement of the erected structure will not occur.

Studs are laid during the pouring of the base with concrete. At the same time, their height margin is taken such that the first row of timber can be tightened with nuts without problems. To fix the lumber, holes are drilled in it for studs.

Nagels are reinforcing pins. They are also embedded in a foundation slab or tape at the concreting stage, in order to then lay the beams.

On screw piles with U-shaped or plate heads, the crowns located below can also be changed if they use up their resource.

Anchor, rigid fastening does not allow to repair the structure in the future.

To fix the laid bars with each other, metal corners, staples, nails (including wooden ones) are also used. These fasteners are used in conjunction with grooved docking.

Base insulation

Before laying the first crown, the upper foundation surface is leveled already in the presence of a centimeter deviation of its level from the horizontal plane. After that, waterproofing material is necessarily laid.

The upper surface of the base must be without slope, drops, perfectly aligned. Check this with a laser or water, or building level. Leveling is often performed with a cement-sand mortar. They can also close the gap, if there is one between the lower crown and the foundation surface. Recently, for these purposes, mainly building foam has been used. Its excess after hardening is cut off with a knife. The closed area at the end of the work is closed with a decorative strip or ebbs.

As a moisture-proof coating, roofing material is often used simultaneously with glass isol. The materials are laid on the base so that they protrude beyond its edges by about 0.25 m. It is recommended to make a waterproofing coating of two layers. Boards are placed between them. At the corners, roofing felt or other material used is overlapped.

Putting the first crown must be on top of the waterproofing. This is due to the fact that through the monolithic base from the soil, capillary moisture enters the lumber. The wood quickly rots and the building needs repair.

Preparatory stage

The preliminary stage before laying the first crown of timber on the foundation is to prepare the material and tools.

Everything you need to work is presented in the table below.

Wooden products must meet the following criteria:

• be without knots, and also without notches;
• the surface of the beam must be flat;
• for work, you need to use lumber from the core of trees, which does not give off a shade of blue.

For a log house, the height of the strip base above the ground should be at least half a meter. Completion is often done with bricks.

The material for row 1 can be treated with used oil, and the rest with antiseptic compounds.

Before starting construction, it is recommended that all lumber be checked for minor defects by marking these sides. They will position the beam up or down. Sides with bulges should be lateral.

The bars should be handled carefully so as not to miss any section. Otherwise, it will serve as a source for the spread of the putrefactive process. The quality of the material chosen is of paramount importance in ensuring the durability of the building.

Technology of laying timber on various types of foundation

The laying of the beam on the foundation is carried out with or without its fixing. If structural elements are joined with locks, then if dismantling is necessary, the entire dismantling process becomes much more complicated.

The joining of the bars in the corners is performed in the following main ways:

• in half a tree with a spike, when the upper half of it is cut off on one beam (the length along the width of the joined lumber), and on the other - the lower one;
• into the paw, while the cut-out connecting parts of the logs are connected without including their end parts.

The latter option has received the most practical distribution. The photograph below shows, in addition to the main ones, rare ways of connecting bars without residue and with it.

The sequence of actions showing how to properly lay the beam on a tape or slab base is as follows:

• determine the evenness of the tape or plate;
• if necessary, level their surfaces;
• choose the optimal method of joining lumber;
• with a smaller diameter than the used studs, drill holes in the bars;
• anchors are concreted;
• lay the lower crowns;
• fix them with nuts, having previously placed washers under them;
• with the help of nails connect the corners of the structure;
• check the level of the laid row;
• cut off irregularities with a planer.

If during the pouring of the base, fastenings were provided for the lower beam, embedded in concrete, then this greatly facilitates the whole process, speeding it up. In this case, the studs are inserted into the solution that has not yet solidified for a third of their length every 50 cm. The minimum number of bolts (fasteners) for each crown should be two. Lumber is pre-prepared by drilling holes of the desired diameter with the required pitch. The nuts are not over tightened to avoid distortion.

To fix the crowns on the piles, heads are mounted (for example, U-shaped), in which holes for fastening are provided on the sides. Previously, the supports are covered with roofing material (2-3 layers). The bars are mounted in grooves, connecting in the corners in the chosen way. Connect them to the supports with studs or screws.

If the heights of the piles differ slightly, then a bar is cut in the required places.

The technology of surface mounting assumes the absence of fixing lumber to the base. The whole laying process is carried out similarly to the option involving rigid fixation, only without the use of fasteners.

The crowns must be connected at an angle of 90 degrees. Otherwise, there will be problems with the further construction of the building. If you follow the technology, checking the geometry of the structure being erected, then the probability of deformation of the building will be minimized over time.

The installation process of the first row of timber is shown in the video below.

Various ways of laying the first crown of timber on the base have their supporters and opponents. There is no single opinion on this issue. Most experts recommend that the first row be fixed because of the possibility of foundation movements. Rigid mount will take over the movement. Only under heavy loads can the strapping move, pulling out the anchor. Reliable fastening will give stability to the constructed structure.

Depending on the design of the base, there are several options for how to fasten the beam to the foundation for the maximum possible operational resource. For this, embedded studs, metal dowels, anchors or self-tapping screws are used.

Before laying the first row of a log cabin or a panel, frame or panel cottage, you need to consider:

• lower crowns often require replacement;
• therefore, it is necessary to ensure maximum maintainability of the structure during subsequent lifting with jacks.

For this, two methods of fixing with embedded elements are used:

• dowels - in, or during concreting, reinforcing bars are embedded on which it is supposed to lay timber;
• studs - they are also laid in the reinforced concrete structure during pouring, so that their height is enough for the lumber to pass through for tightening with nuts.

Options for corner and cross beam joints. The first row must also be fastened with such connections.

When using screw piles with lamellar or U-shaped heads, the lower crown can also be replaced after the service life has been exhausted. Rigid fastening of lumber into concrete with anchors has zero maintainability.

Attention! Regardless of the type of foundation and the method of fastening the first row of timber or log house, it is necessary to take care of the cut-off waterproofing between the foundation and the wooden wall, any waterproofing roll material laid in 2 layers is suitable for this.

Installation of a beam on a concrete plane

The main advantage of foundations with a continuous supporting surface (slab, grillage, tape) is the ability to adjust the first row of timber with your own hands in a horizontal plane. Fastening the crown / strapping bar is possible in several ways:

• from below - mortgages are mounted in the foundation, holes are drilled in the lumber in place;
• from above - fastening with anchor bolts through the timber, again in place.

In the first case, a stud can be used, passing through the beam, which is attracted to the foundation by a nut recessed in the body of the lower crown. The excess thread is cut off with a grinder. To prevent the nut from crushing the wood, wide washers are used.

Another option is the dowel:

• the embedded reinforcing vertical bar is cut to 2/3 of the size of the beam so that it does not pass through it;
• a blind hole is drilled in the lower crown;
• lumber is put on rods.

This method eliminates the displacement of the beam in the horizontal plane.

In the second option, in order to properly attach the lumber to the concrete surface with your own hands, you need to lay the timber on all the walls, connect the crowns with locks, check the diagonals match. After that, it remains to drill holes through it, hammer in the anchors 12 x 129 mm with enlarged washers, stretch the nuts with a wrench.

Attention! The only drawback of the anchor method is zero maintainability. When replacing a rotten lower crown, you will have to cut it in pieces for dismantling. A new beam cannot be installed in the same way.

Laying timber on concrete pillars, piles

To mount the first row correctly on reinforced concrete piles or poles with your own hands, only anchors are used. It will be possible to fix the first crown with your own hands correctly only after assembling all the elements with locks. It is forbidden to make joints in a canopy; after assembling the lower crown with your own hands, it is impossible to lift it manually to put it on embedded studs or dowels.

Grillage on standard heads of screw piles

Pile-screw foundations are often used for wooden houses. Therefore, technologies that make it possible to correctly fix the beam of the lower strapping horizontally or the half-timbered rack vertically are of interest to individual developers. Headers solve several problems:

• expansion of the supporting surface - at the junction points, each crown can be placed on the plate, and not joined to the canopy;
• the possibility of fastening with self-tapping screws - these hardware is much cheaper than anchors, the maintainability of the lower elements of the building is maintained.

If the top of the pile is far from the ground, it is easiest to weld a plate onto it. With a pile field height of 0.4 - 0.5 m from the blind area, it is inconvenient to make a ceiling seam in place, reinforced heads are used - a piece of large-diameter pipe with a welded plate reinforced with scarves.

In any case, the supporting surface turns out to be even, there are holes in the plates or additionally, holes are made through which they are fastened with self-tapping screws. The first crown, if necessary, can be easily changed during operation.

Attention! The vertical beam racks of the fachwerk are attached to the pile-screw foundation only in U-shaped heads. Embedded elements, also having a U-shape, are mounted in monolithic strip, slab foundations for them.

Rostverk on U-shaped heads

Manufacturers of screw piles have taken into account the peculiarities of the technologies for building houses made of wood. For ease of fastening, there are U-shaped heads made of a channel, between the shelves of which it is convenient to lay a bar. Mounting methods in this case become much more convenient:

• the crown is placed inside the U-shaped head;
• fixing is carried out with self-tapping screws through the side shelves of the channel.

It is possible to fix the strapping bars only after the laying of all sides of the lower crown is completed, the diagonals of the building are verified.

Attention! U-shaped heads are used only on straight sections. It is impossible to mount them in the wall junctions, therefore, either lamellar heads or bent plates are used, the shelves of which are located outside the log house.

Thus, the choice of the method of fastening the lower beam of the “framework” strapping, the house from SIP panels, the lower crown of the log house depends on the type of foundation. First, lumber is laid on all sides, locks are made in the corners, T-shaped junctions of the walls, diagonals are measured. After that, the beam can be laid and fastened with screws, anchors, or put on metal dowels.

Advice! If you need contractors, there is a very convenient service for their selection. Just send in the form below a detailed description of the work that needs to be done and you will receive offers with prices from construction teams and firms by e-mail. You can see reviews of each of them and photos with examples of work. It's FREE and there's no obligation.

Before erecting the walls directly, the builders have a reasonable question: how to lay the first crown in the house? It is necessary to install the first crown of the house with all thoroughness, using mathematical calculations, so that in the future the walls are as even as possible, standing at a 90-degree angle. This work is not very difficult, the main thing is not to rush and carefully prepare for it.

The scheme of fastening the lower trim and waterproofing under the first crown.

To lay the first crown for a house from a bar, you should lay waterproofing in at least two layers, after that - a lining board, and on top of it another waterproofing layer.

It is important to provide an effective waterproofing system for the foundation before starting the laying of the first crown of timber houses. For these purposes, roofing material is laid twice, and then a one-time installation of Stekloizol is carried out. All layers should exceed the width of the base by approximately 25 cm along the entire length of the perimeter.

All the bars that are laid should be pressed closely against each other. It is unacceptable to form even small voids in the wall, and especially in its lowest region. Since in the future it is on the bottom that the floor is hung and here the greatest loads will be.

The fastening of the bars between each other is carried out on metal dowels, deepening into the wall by 3 cm, finishing with a wooden mallet. If there is a slight bend on the beam, it is laid, turning down with an even edge. In some situations, it is required to additionally fasten the lower bars with nails or staples, which are placed through the two crowns of the bath or sauna from the bar.

Before directly laying the waterproofing on the surface of the foundation, it is necessary to check that its outer plane is clearly horizontal. Check the horizontal foundation using a hydraulic level, since an ordinary level often shows some error. Tubercles-dimples should not exceed 1 cm over the entire surface of the foundation. When the unevenness is more than 1 cm, the surface is leveled with a mortar or another layer of waterproofing.

Which beam to choose for the lower crown of the log house?

Suitable quality material should be prepared in advance. The first crown for a bath from a bar must be formed with a material that is distinguished by its high quality characteristics:

1. Bars should be selected even.
2. The knotty on them should not be very pronounced.
3. It is better not to use a material with a bluish tint, it will not work for laying the lower crown.
4. It is necessary to take bars with the maximum density of rings: this raw material is made from the middle part of the wood.

Back to index

Scheme of assembling the first crown of a log house for a house from a bar

Before you start laying the crown on the foundation of a house from a bar, you need to think over and ensure the durability of the entire structure as a whole. For these purposes, slats are laid out, pre-treated with an antiseptic, which are 10-15 mm thick. Between them make a gap of 25-30 cm.

Reiki is needed to prevent contact of the crown of the house from the timber with its foundation. This measure allows in the future to extend the life of the log bath by providing additional protection against decay.

The sequence of assembling the crown for a bath from a bar

1. The first layer of bars is placed on the exposed slats. The voids between the beam and the base are foamed.
2. After that, with the help of a level, the evenness of the surface is measured, since with an uneven lower crown, the wall will also be curved.
3. After the elimination of defects, the voids are filled with mounting foam.

As already noted, the preparation of timber should be done in advance. Again, it should have a minimum of knots, no blue stain, and be even with a high density of growth rings.

It is imperative to process the first crown of the timber, and this must be done by smearing all the wood several times with bituminous mastic, coupled with working off, so that the mixture is absorbed into the bath timber as deeply as possible. You should not just process the ends, since they must be perfectly free so that excess moisture in the tree can be removed through them. The service life of the lower crown and the period of time after which there will be a need to replace the old timber will depend on the quality of wood processing.

Often the first crown is not attached to the foundation - under the weight of the house, it will not budge even without anchors. At the corners, the joints are made without locks, the bars are joined with ends. The beam in the corners at the adjunction of partitions is connected with plates or metal brackets.

-> Site sections -> Log house -> Do-it-yourself log house -> The first (folding) crown of the log house.

The lower crown works in the most difficult conditions - proximity to the ground, more wet than other crowns during rain and snowfall. Therefore, traditionally, special attention was paid to its manufacture.

Before laying the first (lower) crown of the log house, do not forget about waterproofing, which is 2-3 layers of rolled bituminous waterproofing material laid between the foundation and the logs to prevent the walls from getting wet from the foundation.

The first (collar) crown is made from the thickest logs.

If you have such an opportunity, then the first crown is best made from wood species that are most resistant to decay. Larch or oak is best suited for this purpose.

Obviously, sides 1, 3 and 2, 4 are at different horizontal levels, which differ in height by half the diameter of the log. Therefore, the first crown, from which the entire frame begins, can be implemented in two ways.

Despite some inconveniences, such a crown crown will be more durable due to the fact that the logs are minimally processed and remain almost solid.

To prevent rotting of logs of the first crown, special attention must be paid to careful antiseptic treatment of surfaces in contact with waterproofing (hewn surfaces). Before laying, we coat the cut surface with an antiseptic with a brush 3-5 times. By the way, this is the only place in the bath where I used an antiseptic.

Backing boards must not be covered with molten resin (bitumen) or wrapped in roofing felt. A tree clogged with resin or wrapped in roofing material will rot very quickly.

Between the waterproofing of the foundation and the backing board, between the backing board and the first crown, an interventional seal is laid.

The process of making an overlay crown is shown in a series of videos salary (first) crown of the log house.

Salary (first) crown of the log house - video technology.

Cover crown. Part 2. Teska logs