Verbs with the suffix an. Suffix "tel": examples of words with the suffix "tel" and the ending -i

The spelling of suffixes is closely related to morphology. There are various rules for writing this morpheme, they are studied differently for each part of speech. Consider what are the verbal suffixes.

Suffix -ova-/-eva-, -yva-/-iva-

These suffixes form imperfective verbs, to which the question "what to do?" For example: draw, dance, paint, dance.

Morphemes -ova- / eva- form imperfective verbs from other parts of speech, usually from nouns:

• command - to command;
• test - try;
• envy - envy;
• excitement - to worry;
• expense - to spend;
• grief - grieve;
• conversation - to talk;
• participation - participate;
• feeling - to feel;
• sympathy - sympathize;
• stroke - stroke.

The spelling of these morphemes is checked by the form of the verb in the first person singular. numbers in the present. In order to put the verb in the right form, you need to ask the question: "What am I doing now?" The answer will be:

• I am dancing now;
• I am drawing right now.

As you can see, the verb ends in -th. In this case, the suffix -ova- / -eva- is written.

Examples of words in which the verbal suffix -ova-/-eva- stands out:

• I envy - envy, welcome - welcome, explore - explore, organize - organize, wring - uproot, worry - worry, peck - peck, attack - attack, pursue - pursue, use - use, enmity - enmity.

The morphemes -yva-/-iva- also form verbs that ask the question "what to do?" For example: take a bite.

The suffixes -yva-/-iva- produce imperfective verbs from perfective verbs:

(what to do?) test - (what to do?) test.

The spelling of these morphemes also depends on the 1st letter. the only one. real numbers. time. Let's remember the question: "What am I doing now?" And the answer will be: "I'm dancing now", "I'm finishing now."

After that, we determine that at the end - I am / - I am.

Examples of words in which it stands out:

Choking - choking, inventing - inventing, swaying - swaying, educating - educating, biting off - biting off, refusing - refusing, searching - searching, lubricating - lubricating, hanging - hanging, painting - coloring, sawing - sawing, unwinding - unwinding, pulling away - pull apart, draw - draw, loosen - loosen, scatter - scatter, wink - wink, hang - hang, experience - experience, shudder - shudder, think - think.

Suffixes in participles

Morphemes -ova-/-eva-, -yva-/-iva- are preserved in real participles.

This is due to the fact that participles, denoting a sign of an object by action, are formed from verbs, and the spelling of verbal suffixes is preserved in them. For example:

Verb suffix -va and vowel before it

In the event that the stress falls on the final part of the verb, it is impossible to single out -ova- / eva-, -yva- / -iva-, since the suffix will be different - va. It is always stressed, and this differs from previous derivational morphemes. For example, it is distinguished in the words:

• weaken-wa´-th;
• sweat-wa´-th;
• poly-va´-th;
• sell-va'-t;
• sing-wa'-th.

This suffix forms an imperfective form from a perfective, it appears in the form of nesses. in. and disappears in the verbs of owls. in. This will help to highlight it in the word:

• weaken (sov.v.) - weaken-va-t (non-sov.v.);
• sweat (sov.v.) - fog-wa-be (non-sov.view);
• water (sov.v.) - water-va-t (non-sov.view);
• to pass through (owl. century) - pass through (non-sov. look);
• sing (sov.v.) - sing-wa-t (non-sov.view).

Appearing in verbs, it takes on stress, and the vowel in front of it turns out to be unstressed and turns into a spelling. To select it, the following rule applies: to correctly write a vowel before the stressed suffix -va, you need to skip this suffix.

Suffix -e-

This verbal suffix is ​​written in intransitive verbs, from which questions of the accusative case cannot be raised:

• black-e-be (from what?) from grief;
• seriously-e-be (from what?) From problems;
• rusty-e-be (from what?) from humidity;
• turned white-e-be (from what?) from old age.

Such verbs contain the meaning of an action that occurs without extraneous influence, and this meaning is introduced by the suffix -e.

Vowels before the suffix -l-

The verbal suffix of the past tense -l- is usually found after spelling vowels: ver ... l, ve ... l, hung ... l, measured ... l, detour ... l, despaired ..., glued ... l, se ... l, clean ... l.

To choose a vowel before -l-, you need to put the verb in the initial form. The vowel that comes before -t will remain before -l:

• twirl - spit;
• winnow - winnow;
• to start - started;
• depend - depended;
• measure - measured;
• repent - repented;
• bow - bowed;
• cherish - cherished;
• hope - hoped;
• travel around - traveled;
• despair - despaired;
• glue - glued;
• reyat - reyal;

• listen - listened;
• sow - sowed;
• clean - cleaned;
• hear - heard.

Is the standard. It is also preserved in gerunds before -in- and -lice-: despair-lice, stick-in, listen-in, sow-in, clean-in.

Task for pinning

So, when you know what verbs are and how they are written, you can move on to the practical part.

Letters are missing from this text. It is easy to restore it if you remember some of the studied rules governing the spelling of verbs.

It is interesting to watch the monkeys living in the trees. You can examine them ... and photograph them ... because they, without experiencing fear, freely perform various miracles of dexterity. They don't jump over... waddle, but flutter... waddle from branch to branch, sway... waddle and somersault on the vines. Everything that seems attractive to them, the monkeys pluck, embrace ... with their tenacious paws, inspect ... wail, sniff ... sniff and try to try ... wat, even bring it to their ear to listen ... to. They pawn something ... by the cheek, and discard something ... as unnecessary.

Without any hesitation, they beg for gifts, look at the most beautiful little things, and don’t yawn here, keep your ears open.

The source of enrichment of our speech is the continuous process of word formation. In Russian, it occurs in several ways. One of the most common is suffixal: a small particle - a suffix, joining the root, gives rise to a word with a different semantic or emotional connotation. In some words, notes of affection, tenderness are introduced, in others - neglect and criticism. The sound of joyful motives is replaced by bitter irony. The ability to modify and transform words makes the suffix their significant part.

There are derivational and formative suffixes that are responsible for the grammatical form. The first category is the most numerous and widespread. The derivational suffix -ost, for example, can turn one part of speech into another.

The meaning and functions of the suffix awn

The suffix -ost in Russian word formation has been known since ancient times. Its activity is shown in our days, when the process of vocabulary replenishment is gaining momentum. This word-forming suffix was and remains the most productive. There are more than four thousand words ending in it.

Semantic shades mainly refer to such semantic groups as:

From the examples given, it can be seen that words with this suffix do not have an ending, and nouns are derived from adjectives with the same stem and always belong to the feminine gender of the 3rd declension.

Often words with the suffix -ost form pairs of antonyms:

The zero ending in nouns with -ost in some cases makes it difficult to distinguish between words. Nouns such as: awn, cane, dirty trick, volost, honeysuckle, fortress (only in the meaning of a structure!) - do not have a suffix in their composition, and the particle of the same name is a separate morpheme that belongs to the base of the word. This also includes the "guest" - a masculine noun, 2 declensions.

Rules for writing and declension

The suffix awn refers to constants. He is always in a weak unstressed position, therefore, it easily forms nouns from derived adjectives with a fixed accent based on:

This feature suggests the rule of its spelling: regardless of the pronunciation [Ast], in all derived nouns, the letter “O” should be written:

We hear: "tricky" - we write "tricky"

When declension of feminine nouns to -ost, changes occur only at the visual level. "b" disappears in spelling, while the sound [Ast] also remains unchanged:

• Them. n. - ripeness [sp’elast’]
• Rod.p. - ripeness [sp'elast'i]
• Data p. - ripeness [sp'elast'i]
• Win.p. - ripeness [sp'elast'i]
• Tv.p. - ripeness [sp'elast'y'u]
• P.p - about ripeness [sp'elast'i]

Pioneers, builders, sculptors,

Prospectors, fuses, searchers, rescuers,

Healers, feeders, warriors, teachers

And law enforcement officers - we are all earthly inhabitants

And community servants.

It is not enough for a person to be just a person, he definitely needs to do some business, to be someone by profession. There are a lot of words in the language with the meaning "a person by profession or occupation." This meaning is expressed by various suffixes, one of them is "tel".

With the value of a person by profession

The names of people's professions are usually formed from verbs that denote what the person who earns money does. -t (sya) is separated from, the generating stem remains, the suffix -tel is attached to it. Examples:

• drive - driver;
• educate - educator;
• sculpt - sculptor;
• inquire - interrogator;
• test - tester;
• oversee - overseer;
• build - builder;
• save - rescuer;
• follow - investigator;
• teach - teacher;
• write - writer;
• teach - teacher;

• tame - tamer.

With the meaning of the person who performed a certain action

It is more convenient to form these words from the past tense verb, since they denote a person who has done something in the past. At the same time, the past tense suffix is ​​not included in the generating stem. Here you can see such words with the suffix -tel-:

• deer paper - paper scraper;
• wished for the good - well-wisher;
• owned - owner;
• sighed - admirer;
• revolted - revolter;
• extorted - extortionist;
• robbed - a robber;
• donated - donor;
• lived - a resident;
• bequeathed - testator;
• gave laws - the legislator;
• conjured - caster;
• looking for gold - a gold digger;
• zril—viewer;
• published - publisher;
• invented - inventor;
• researched - researcher;
• healed - healer;
• conquered - conqueror;
• replaced - deputy;
• declared - the applicant;
• baptized - baptizer;
• loved - amateur;
• metal - thrower;
• thought - thinker;
• won - winner;
• dissolve - solvent;
• dilute - diluent;
• gave birth - parent;
• ruined - a destroyer;
• leads by hand - leader;
• dug - digger;
• dwelt - inhabitant;
• possessed - the owner;
• accused - accuser;
• landscaped - landscaper;
• informed - informant;
• freed - liberator;
• founded - founder;
• denigrated - denigrator;
• poisoned - poisoner;
• defiled - defiler;
• designed - designer;
• denied - negative;
• set on fire - arsonist;
• devoured - devourer;
• conquered - conqueror;
• bought - the buyer;
• received - recipient;
• used - user;
• imitated - imitator;
• violated the right - the offender;
• visited - visitor;
• kidnapped - kidnapper;
• rules - ruler;
• betrayed - traitor;
• pursued - pursuer;
• enlightened - enlightener;
• work was given by the employer;
• destroyed - destroyer;
• advertising gave - advertiser;
• the first discovered - the discoverer;
• wished well - well-wisher;
• puffed evil - spiteful critic;
• performed - performer;
• elected - voter;
• uprooted - eradicator;
• tempted - the tempter;
• ruined - destroyer;
• asked - petitioner;
• served - a servant;
• listened - listener;
• created - the creator;
• blasphemer - detractor;
• kept - the keeper;

• read - reader.

With the meaning of an object intended for a specific purpose

The suffix -tel- also forms words denoting inanimate objects. Such things are usually created by man and used by him for some purpose. These words come from a verb that has the meaning of the action for which the object is intended. The indefinite form of the verb without -t is used, the suffix -tel is attached to it. Examples:

With the meaning of place

Words with the suffix -tel- can have a spatial meaning.

This may be the name of the place where children left without parental care are taken for further distribution to orphanages - a reception center.

There is a place where they can sober up - a sobering-up station.

It happens that you need to delimit some place into sectors, then draw a line, the name of which is the delimiter strip.

With the meaning of mathematical concepts

In mathematics, words with the suffix -tel- denote numbers with which mathematical operations are performed: division, multiplication, crushing.

• divider;
• factor;
• denominator;
• numerator.

Words with the suffix -tel- in the singular

Nouns with the suffix -tel- are masculine in the second declension, change in cases and numbers. Any word with the suffix -tel- and a zero ending is in the singular form of the nominative case, in the genitive and accusative cases it has the ending -ya, in the dative - u, in the instrumental - it, in the prepositional - e. For example, the word with the suffix changes like this -tel- and zero ending in the nominative case:

R. n. - caretaker;

d.p. - to the caretaker;

in. n. - caretaker;

tv. n. - caretaker;

etc. - about the caretaker;

Such forms have a word that has the suffix -tel- and in the initial form.

Words with the suffix -tel- in the plural

In the plural, words with the suffix -tel- and the ending -i are in the nominative case. Only one word can be an exception - teachers, teachers. It has two plural forms that need to be distinguished:

• teachers - people who perform their professional duties of teaching children at school;
• teachers are people standing at the primary sources of new directions and teachings.

Words that have the suffix -tel-, ending -i: teachers, dividers, switches.

In the genitive and these words have an ending - to her, in the dative - yam, in the creative - -yami, in the prepositional - -yah. For example:

R. n. - caretakers;

d.p. - caretakers;

in. n. - caretakers;

tv. n. - caretakers;

etc. - about caretakers.

This is how words with the suffix -tel and the ending -i change in the initial form.

Suffixes -teln-

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the suffix -tel- stands out only for nouns. If you have an adjective in front of you, then it has the morpheme -teln-. This suffix forms adjectives with meanings:

• "capable of a certain activity", for example: able to observe - observant, able to try - old-fashioned, capable of performing - executive, capable of approving - approving, capable of refreshing - refreshing teln-th, capable of satisfying - satisfactory;
• "having an objective meaning", for example: they desire it - desirable, they touch it - tangible;
• "intended to perform an action", for example: intended for smoking - smoking, intended for swimming - swimming, intended for flying - flying;
• "indicating a connection with some action", for example: where they will elect - selective, what can prepare - preparatory, where they can clean - cleansing .

Words in -tel

It is necessary to distinguish between words with the suffix -tel- and ending in -tel, in which:

• suffix is ​​not highlighted. Such words are usually foreign in origin: hotel, artel, tunic, motel, strap, dumbbell, cartel, pastel, bed, fortel, spatula, gimp, capital, spatula;
• words in which the suffix -el stands out: snowstorm, abode.

Interpretation of some words in -tel:

artel - an association of people into a group for joint business;

gimp - a thin metal thread;

capital - the upper part of a column or pillar;

cartel - an association of industrial enterprises in order to control prices;

karotel - a round sweet carrot;

corncrake - quickly living in the grass;

mittel - font in typography, equal to 14 points;

monastery - a place where monks live;

fortel - an unexpected trick;

These words change in the same way as words that have the suffix -tel-, the ending is zero.

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Suffixes play a very important role in Russian. With their help, not only new words are formed, but also grammatical forms, and they also serve to convey the emotional component of speech. That is why it is simply necessary to know what suffixes are and what they are used for.

What is a suffix?

A suffix is ​​a morpheme behind a root. Sometimes there are cases when the suffix is ​​behind the ending. In this case, it is called "postfix". First of all, this concerns the morpheme -sya- / -ss-: they wash themselves (ending -yut, postfix -sya-), going, flaunting and others.

The main function of the suffix is ​​the formation of new words, however, there are cases when this morpheme plays a formative role. There are many suffixes of expressive and emotional coloring in the language.

So numerous that it begins to be studied at school from the primary grades. What are the suffixes in Russian, grade 2 takes place already in the middle of the year.

By this morpheme it is easy to find out what part of speech is in front of us. So, thanks to the specific -usch / -yushch and -ashch- / -yashch-, we understand that we have a participle in front of us, and -v- unambiguously says that the word in question is a gerund. Let us first consider these morphemes from the point of view of purpose, and then we will talk about belonging to any part of speech.

A word can exist without a suffix, but it is this suffix that gives the lexeme a special meaning. The opposite cases are also not uncommon, when there are two or even three suffixes. So in the word teaching there are two of them: -tel- and -stv-, and in the word "teach" there are three: the verb -ova- was added to the previous two.

What are the functions?

Consider what suffixes are in terms of their functionality.

Hues of meaning

Also, suffixes can be subdivided depending on what shade of meaning they convey. It is no secret that the main semantic load is carried by the root. The suffix only clarifies, makes the word more expressive. Let's analyze what suffixes are from this point of view and the meanings they convey:

• Diminutive: table-table; lamb; handsome - handsome; child is a child.
• Magnifying: boots, hands, fist, giantess.
• Baby animals: duckling, calf, kitten, elephant.
• Designation of belonging to any profession: saleswoman, crane operator, barmaid; also localities: Siberian, Petersburger, Muscovite, southerner; nationalities: Ukrainian, Georgian, German, Finn.
• Subjective attitude to an object or person: thief, little kid, cunning, greedy, laughter.

Noun suffixes

In secondary school, they begin to study morphology in detail, therefore, for each part of speech, they determine what suffixes are in Russian (grade 5). Let's analyze this morpheme from this point of view.

We will cite as an example only the most characteristic suffixes, by which one can unambiguously say about their morphological affiliation.

Noun suffixes:

Adjective suffixes

Now let's talk about the suffixes of adjectives.

This is perhaps the richest part of speech for these morphemes.

Verb suffixes

What are the suffixes of verbs in Russian? Most often shaping (we wrote about them earlier). However, there are those who are endowed with certain meanings. So -ova- / -yva- will tell us that the action has not ended, but is in the process (plan, fantasize, care) - these are all imperfective verbs.

The suffixes -sya- / -s-, although they form a reflexive verb, are not inflectional. They are included as a whole.

Pronoun suffixes

The last thing left to talk about is what pronoun suffixes are. There are only three of them: -something, -either, -something. All of them are written with a hyphen and participate in the formation of someone, someone, something.