Foundation waterproofing is horizontal. Do-it-yourself waterproofing of a strip shallow foundation: horizontal and vertical How to independently process a strip foundation for waterproofing

There is a not entirely correct opinion that during the operation of the foundation, no changes affect it. It does not rot, decay or rust. On the one hand, this is true, but all this is possible thanks to the high-quality protection of the foundation. What is included in such protection? Waterproofing.

It's no secret how liquid can negatively affect concrete. Without waterproofing, the plinth will collapse, which reduces the life of the entire house. Yes, and groundwater can also harm the foundation. This article is devoted to the issue of waterproofing a strip foundation. You can do all the work yourself. We will consider suitable materials and technology for working with them. And thanks to the comparison, you can make a choice.

Coating material

A fairly common material for waterproofing. The work is quite simple, according to the principle of applying paint. It is enough to apply the material to the waterproofing tape, completely covering the surface of the finished foundation with it. As a coating waterproofing, all kinds of bituminous mastics are used, in cold or hot form, liquid glass, etc.

Material advantages:

1. Low cost.
2. Excellent elasticity.
3. No seams.
4. High hydrophobicity after coating.
5. Ease of work. No complicated equipment is required, as well as professional skills.
6. High level of adhesion to the concrete surface.

Material disadvantages: Short service life. After 6 years, the applied mastic will become brittle and inelastic. Cracks form on the surface through which water can seep. The solution to the problem is repair work and re-coating with a layer of mastic.

Due to the cheapness, once every 7-8 years it is possible to make repairs. But, there is another solution - materials with inclusions of such components as polymers, rubber and latex. Thanks to them, adhesion improves, the level of elasticity becomes even higher, and the period is extended.

The matter is quite simple. To begin with, preparatory work is carried out: the surface of the foundation is cleaned of debris, dust, dirt, etc. Then the foundation must be treated with a deep penetration primer to ensure better adhesion. After waiting for drying, it remains to apply waterproofing to the foundation, leaving no untreated places. You can apply the mixture with a paint brush - maklovitsa.

Additionally, watch the video, which shows the waterproofing of the strip foundation with your own hands.

Roll material

Another inexpensive option that is widely used in construction. A clear representative is roofing material, which is used for waterproofing strip foundations. In addition, you can choose from aquaizol, isoelast and other roll building materials.

They are widely used in construction, from foundation and roofing work, ending with the construction of pools and road surfaces. They are suitable for protecting concrete from high groundwater pressure. If the house is without a basement, then the strip foundation is waterproofed horizontally and vertically.

There are several types of rolled waterproofing materials:

• gluing, which are fixed to the foundation surface with bituminous mastic or other composition with adhesive characteristics. Some materials have a self-adhesive layer, which is very convenient;
• surfacing, applied by fusing to the surface. The burner heats up the layer, which becomes sticky when heated.

Material advantages:

1. Ease of installation.
2. Long service life.
3. Excellent water repellency.
4. They have high mechanical strength.
5. Reliability.

Foundation coating technology

1. Surface preparation: clean, dry, even.
2. Applying bituminous mastic to the surface (if it is self-adhesive or welded material, then the roll is immediately glued to the base).
3. Ruberoid or other material is glued onto the prepared base.
4. It is important to make an overlap at the joints equal to 15 cm. “Solder” the joints with a gas burner.

Spray material

Considered innovative technology. The peculiarity is that it successfully performs all the functions and stated requirements. You can use the method for any type of foundation. You can not only do work from scratch, but also repair the old waterproofing coating. Used for both foundation and roofing work.

Material advantages:

1. Long service life.
2. Ease of work.
3. No seams.
4. Hardens quickly.
5. Non-toxic and safe for health.
6. Resistant to UV rays.
7. Elastic.

There are a lot of advantages, and only two drawbacks - the cost and technological equipment for work.

Foundation coating technology

1. Surface cleaning.
2. Applying the material with a special sprayer using a seamless method.
3. Surface reinforcement with geotextiles.

penetrating material

It is considered the most effective and expensive way to waterproof a strip foundation. Usually a penetrating mixture is made on the basis of cement, special additives and quartz sand. According to the principle of application, the process resembles plaster walls. But, you can also purchase material applied by spraying or smearing. After application, crystals are created in the concrete voids that repel the liquid, preventing it from penetrating inside.

Material advantages:

1. Versatility and ease of application.
2. High quality waterproofing.
3. Durability.
4. No seams.
5. Health safety.

The technology of applying penetrating waterproofing to the foundation is described in this video.

Some features of base waterproofing

It is logical that it is better to protect the base from liquid even at the stage of its construction. Then it's much easier to do it. If, for some reason, there is no waterproofing, and the building is already standing, or you just need to make repairs, then the process is not easy. You will have to dig the foundation, but do the work in stages so as not to disturb the structure. Start working from the corners of the building, finish with the walls of the foundation.

Advice! If we talk about the material itself, then ideally combine vertical and horizontal insulation (when the first layer is applied in a vertical position, and the second in a horizontal position).

After the foundation is dug out, you need to clean it from the soil (you should not use water). A brush will come in handy. The surface must be perfectly clean, without inclusions. All pits, cracks and seams are filled with cement mortar and bitumen. Now you can perform waterproofing in your chosen way. So, you can protect your foundation from the negative effects of water.

After completing all the work, the base is buried back. It is important that everything is dry before then.

Conclusion

Waterproofing the foundation with your own hands is a very real goal. If you follow these instructions and carefully follow the process, then you will succeed! Do not be afraid to take on such work, although it is responsible, it is not fearful.

At the construction stage of the building, many craftsmen make a gross mistake, which subsequently leads to a violation of the building structure. This error lies in the insufficient and poor-quality arrangement of the foundation. This refers to the waterproofing of the strip foundation and the basement, including, if any.

It is extremely necessary to complete this stage of work, since the impact of groundwater on the outside of the base is quite detrimental. Especially when you consider that the chemical composition of groundwater can vary dramatically depending on the location of the house in relation to the objects of the chemical or metallurgical industry, agricultural activities, etc.

Important: the lack of waterproofing on the outer walls of the basement can lead to at least dampness in it. In the worst case, constant flooding and the final destruction of the premises will become his fate.

Do-it-yourself waterproofing of the strip foundation is quite simple. The main thing is to understand the principles and technologies for performing work, as well as to know about all possible types and types of waterproofing. About this in our material.

It is worth knowing that you can choose a different group of materials to perform the work. They are:

• Coating;
• Roll;
• sprayed;
• penetrating.

Depending on the type of materials chosen, the technology of waterproofing is also used.

Cover type insulation

For waterproofing the foundation of the tape type and the basement, including in this case, materials based on bitumen or bituminous mastic are used. According to the type of materials, it becomes clear that the waterproofing of the strip foundation in this case is carried out by spreading mastic around the entire perimeter of the base.

To carry out work with the use of mastic, it is necessary to perform a number of such actions:

• Free the foundation (basement walls) from debris, dust and dirt;
• Coat the surface of the outer and inner walls of the foundation with a deep penetration primer;
• After the primer has dried with a special brush (maklovitsa), the mastic is applied in an even, continuous layer so that the waterproofing does not have gaps.

The advantages of waterproofing with a coating method include:

• Low cost of materials;
• Ease of work;
• Good elasticity of the finish;
• Excellent waterproofing properties of bitumen;
• High adhesion of the coating to concrete.

However, such waterproofing has its drawbacks. The main one is the low service life of the material. So, a layer of bituminous mastic remains elastic and intact for only 6 years. Then it begins to crack, as a result of which groundwater still penetrates to the walls of the foundation. The problem can be solved by purchasing coating waterproofing materials with the addition of softening polymers.

In addition, the integrity of the coating layer may suffer during the backfilling of the foundation. Small stones can scratch the coating and depressurize it. The problem is solved by laying a protective layer of roofing felt or geotextile over the applied layer of bitumen.

Roll-type waterproofing (adhesive)

Here, materials in the form of a roll are used to protect the foundation from moisture. It can be roofing material, and geotextiles, and Aquaizol, and Isoplast with Helastoplay. Most often, such materials are used if it is planned to build a house without a basement. In this case, both horizontal insulation (covering the plane of the foundation before its contact with the walls) and vertical insulation (applying rolled material to the walls of the base) are used.

Roll materials are attached to the base of the building in two stages:

• Adhesive (using bituminous mastic as an adhesive);
• Floating (using a gas burner to melt the material and its compliance).

The technology for installing waterproofing is as follows:

• The foundation walls are cleaned of debris and treated with a deep penetration primer;
• After drying, the walls are coated with bituminous mastic and cuts of waterproofing material are applied, pressing them well;
• The joints of the waterproofing are overlapped by 15 cm, and for their high-quality fit, a burner is used to fuse the cuts together.

The advantages of roll waterproofing include:

• Long service life;
• Excellent waterproofing ability;
• Ease of installation;
• High resistance to mechanical impact of any type;
• Reliability of the whole structure.

But it is worth remembering that roll materials for waterproofing based on fiberglass or fiberglass have less resistance to deformation, unlike materials based on polyester.

Penetrating waterproofing

This type of waterproofing of the walls of the foundation and basement is considered one of the most effective, but at the same time expensive. Here, the waterproofing material is based on a special mixture of cement, quartz sand and special plasticizing additives. As a result, a plastic material is obtained, which is applied by coating on the walls of the base and penetrates into all the pores of the base, forming crystalline solidifications in the voids. They will repel water from the underground part of the building.

Penetrating waterproofing is widely used for the treatment of basement walls and other underground reservoirs, for the treatment of foundations of any kind.

The advantages of this type of waterproofing include:

• High quality insulation against groundwater;
• Excellent plasticity during application;
• High wear resistance of the finished coating;
• Durability of the whole structure;
• Resistance to aggressive environments.

The technology of waterproofing with penetrating mixtures is as follows:

• The walls are completely cleaned and treated with a primer;
• After the primer has dried, the insulating mixture is applied with a special brush or from a spray gun;
• The coating is allowed to dry completely.

Spray insulation

This method of waterproofing a strip foundation is one of the most modern. The method of applying insulation by spraying is widely used in roofing, when repairing an old waterproofing coating or to create a new first layer. In comparison with the mass of advantages, the sprayed mixture has one significant drawback - high cost.

The technology for creating a waterproofing layer by spraying is as follows:

• The walls of the foundation or basement are cleaned of debris, dust and dirt;
• A moisture protection agent is applied to the finished surface with a construction sprayer, forming a seamless, even coating;
• For greater reliability, the sprayed mastic is reinforced with a layer of geotextile.

The advantages of this method of waterproofing are:

• Long service life (from 50 years or more);
• High adhesive properties of the material with concrete;
• Ease of work, which generates savings in labor costs and time at the construction site;
• Absolutely smooth coating without seams and joints, which prevents the slightest ingress of moisture on the surface of the concrete base;
• Ecological and absolute non-toxicity of the material;
• Excellent elasticity that resists any small inclusions in the ground;
• High resistance to ultraviolet rays.

If the house is built without foundation waterproofing

Important: the waterproofing of the foundation of a new building should be carried out even at the construction stage. However, it happens that the house is purchased, and there is no insulation from moisture. In this case, it is possible and necessary to save the house. In this case, you need to act like this:

• The house or basement is completely dug out around the entire perimeter of the foundation. Moreover, you need to start from the corners, moving towards the walls of the base, so as not to violate the fortress of the building.
• Now you should clean all the walls around the perimeter from dirt and dust. This must be done exclusively without the use of moisture. It is important to free all recesses, cracks and pores of the base from soil, earth and dirt.
• All cleaned cracks should be filled with special tile adhesive or cement mortar.
• After the walls of the foundation or basement have dried, they should be treated with bituminous mastic.

Important: under such conditions, it is better to combine vertical and horizontal insulation.

• Rolls of roofing material or other material for insulation are cut into pieces of the desired size and, using a special gas burner, are applied to the walls of the structure with overlap joints. Pieces are arranged horizontally.
• Now you need to apply another layer of material in the same way, but with a vertical arrangement.

Important: at the corners of the building, it is worth wrapping the roll material and making overlaps. But, in no case do not cut the waterproofing. This installation method will violate the tightness of the foundation winding.

• Lastly, a drainage system and a blind area for water drainage are formed.
• It remains to backfill the base with a good tamping of the soil.

Competent protection of its foundation will help to extend the operational life of the building. To do this, do-it-yourself waterproofing of the strip foundation is carried out. Before starting work, it is necessary to determine the type of waterproofing material and study the technology of its installation. The construction market offers 4 options for horizontal or vertical application, each of which is worth learning in more detail.

When using this type of insulation, bituminous mastic and bitumen-based building materials are used for work. It has its pros and cons.

Advantages of coating waterproofing:

• Affordable price;
• High level of hydrophobicity, adhesion and elasticity;
• An easy installation process that does not require special knowledge.

The disadvantages include a short service life. Bituminous mastic loses most of its protective qualities after 6 years. To extend the service life, various additives are included in the composition of this coating material.

Application technology

The process, consisting of several successive stages, is available for independent execution:

1. Clean the surface from debris, dust and poorly fixed elements;
2. Apply a deep penetration primer to the foundation;
3. After the primer has dried, apply the insulating material in a continuous layer with a paint brush.

Waterproofing materials should cover the surface in a single layer without gaps. Otherwise, the work carried out will not bring the desired result.

This method involves the use of rolled building materials: roofing felt (to protect a shallow foundation), isoelast, aquaizol, helostopley, etc. They have a wide range of applications, including protecting the base from groundwater damage. The method is relevant for waterproofing structures without a basement.

Work can be done in two ways:

1. By gluing the material onto an adhesive or self-adhesive base;
2. Application of material followed by melting with a gas burner. The second method is more laborious and requires additional equipment.

Advantages of roll insulation:

• Ease of installation;
• Long service life;
• High water resistance;
• Reliability.

The basis of rolled waterproofing directly affects its resistance to deformation and chemicals. A fiberglass or fiberglass backing has a significantly lower level of stability than a polyester backing. It is allowed to use this type of insulation of foundation walls in conjunction with the coating method.

Application technology

General instructions for installation work:

1. Clean, level and dry the surface;
2. Apply a layer of bituminous mastic;
3. Cover the mastic after drying with roofing material using the floating method;
4. Roll webs must be overlapped (15 cm), followed by processing of the joints with a gas burner.

The material can be applied vertically or horizontally. When choosing this method of isolation, it will not be possible to cope with the work without outside help.

For independent waterproofing of a tape-type foundation, a spray method (liquid rubber) can be used. It is used to protect the surface, or to reconstruct previous material. This is a relatively new method in the construction industry, which has many advantages:

• Lack of seams and joints;
• Long service life;
• High level of adhesion and elasticity.;
• Short hardening time;
• Ease of application;
• Ecological cleanliness, no toxic emissions;
• Resistant to direct sunlight.

Mounting technology

The quality of waterproofing depends on compliance with the application steps:

1. Prepare the base by cleaning and treating with an antiseptic;
2. Apply the coating using a special spray;
3. Reinforce with geotextile.

The easy installation process allows you to complete the work in a short time, but the material cannot be called economical.

This method is one of the most expensive, but the quality justifies the cost. For the manufacture of waterproofing material, quartz sand, additives and cement are used. Step-by-step installation instructions consist in applying the material in three ways:

1. spraying;
2. By analogy with plaster;
3. By the method of coating waterproofing.

With this treatment, the composition penetrates into all microcracks of the surface, filling them and forming crystals that prevent the penetration of moisture. The method is used for penetrating foundation insulation in the ground.

In case of violation of the integrity of the base, the waterproofing of surfaces is carried out from the inside of the house. This method is relevant for houses with a basement in which water can accumulate. In addition, the penetrating mixture serves as an additional seal. The only but significant drawback of the technology is its high cost.

Horizontal insulation aimed at protecting walls from capillary suction should be installed at least 0.3 m above the level of moisture splashing.

Video: Foundation waterproofing technology

Nuances in the arrangement of foundation waterproofing

A foundation without waterproofing is exposed to moisture and external destructive factors. If the necessary work was not completed before the construction of the building, it will have to be done after construction. At the same time, thermal insulation of the base can be arranged, if necessary. This greatly complicates the process, since you will have to dig out the entire base, acting with extreme caution. In case of non-compliance with the instructions, the house may suffer, or rather its stability. Installation rules:

1. The optimal processing option is one that combines vertical insulation with horizontal. In this case, the first layer is applied in the horizontal direction, and the second - in the vertical direction;
2. Having dug out the foundation, it should be cleaned of dirt and debris in a dry way, including seams and recesses;
3. Fill all irregularities and cracks with cement mortar or tile adhesive, covering with bitumen on top;
4. Using a gas burner, fix the roofing material. The sheet of rolled insulation should be carefully pressed, laying the strips horizontally with an overlap;
5. The second layer is attached in a similar way, only the material must be laid vertically;
6. When processing corners, the roofing material must be wrapped, not cut.

In parallel with the performance of waterproofing work, it is advisable to provide for a drainage system and fill the blind area around the perimeter. Such a complex but important process will extend the service life of the building several times, so during construction there should be no doubt whether the foundation is waterproofed.

This type of foundation is often used to give the object stability on dry and heaving soil. It is represented by a concrete strip poured around the entire perimeter of the facility planned for construction. Due to the fact that the material used in the construction of the foundation is capable of being destroyed by exposure to a humid environment, the main task for a specialist is waterproofing the strip foundation. To perform this type of work, there are several types and options for activities.

The need for foundation waterproofing

There is an opinion that the foundation does not undergo any changes during the operational period. Allegedly, it does not lend itself to decay, decomposition and the formation of corrosion. In fact, the foundation, arranged under the house, requires additional protection without fail. Many are interested in whether it is necessary to waterproof the strip foundation?

Waters located in the thickness of the soil are able to penetrate into basements and even into walls that are above the soil level.

It is no secret that seasonal freezing of water in the walls contributes to their destruction. A similar process occurs with the upper sections of the base of the object. A structure whose foundation does not have a waterproofing layer will not last long.

Types of waterproofing

When, at the time of design work, a variant of the strip foundation is selected, certain studies are required that will help in the correct execution of the work:

• the base must be below the freezing point of the soil;

• the level of groundwater is taken into account;
• the requirements for a waterproofing coating may change, taking into account the purpose of the facility under construction;
• it is necessary to carry out a study of the area on the issue of a sharp increase in the water level during the flood period or during heavy precipitation;
• an important factor is the force of heaving of the soil, changing its level.

Any of these conditions can affect the depth of the foundation trench to be dug and the application of moisture barrier materials.

According to the principle of location, the waterproofing coating applied to the foundation can be divided into horizontal and vertical. Each type has different implementation options.

Horizontal

This protection option is performed before the construction of the foundation begins, in order to prevent the penetration of moisture drops from the thickness of the earth. It is a special basis, sometimes even somewhat larger than the perimeter of the future structure.

For a small-sized building, it is enough to fill a sand-cement screed in a ratio of 1 to 2. In the process of erecting a residential facility, it is necessary to carry out enhanced preparation:

• along the bottom of the trench, sand is poured and rammed, the layer height of which should be from 20 to 30 cm;
• the first layer of this pillow can be made of clay;
• a screed is laid on the sandy layer, the thickness of which varies from six to eight centimeters;
• it is necessary to wait two weeks for the solution to dry completely;
• the screed is covered with bitumen, the roofing material is laid, the mastic is applied again;
• the final stage is the pouring of another screed.

As soon as the solution dries, you can begin to build the foundation foundation. If we are building the planned object from wood material, it is recommended to carry out the upper horizontal isolation of the base from the water. Otherwise, moisture will penetrate the wood and cause rotting.

vertical

The main difference of this type is that its implementation is possible not only during construction work, but also on the finished object.

In this case, specialists can use various materials - polyurethane mastic, rolled bitumen, polymer-based membranes. Each tool is distinguished by its strength, duration of the operating period, elasticity index, method of application and price.

Before making the final choice, it is recommended to determine the differences in materials for waterproofing, clarify their advantages and disadvantages.

Types of waterproofing

The device for waterproofing on a strip foundation is possible with your own hands, without the involvement of relevant specialists. But before starting work, it is necessary to determine the appropriate option for the device of the protective layer, to clarify the technological features of the work.

The materials with which waterproofing of the strip foundation in the ground can be performed are four groups:

• coating;
• sprayed;
• roll;
• pasting.

The entire technology for performing waterproofing work will depend on the final choice.

Bitumen

Mastic is used in the coating version. The main advantages of this method are:

• acceptable price;
• high level of elasticity;
• excellent indicator of hydrophobicity of the coating;
• ease of work;
• good level of adhesion.

There are also certain disadvantages:

• relatively low service life. After about six years, the mastic loses elasticity, becomes brittle, cracks appear on the surface of the layer, and the degree of protection decreases.

But today the construction market offers a lot of options for coating compositions based on polymers, rubber, latex. With their help, increased protective characteristics are created:

• elasticity and adhesion are improved;
• the spread of the temperature regime during the work increases.

The workflow is not difficult. To begin with, the surface is cleaned of construction debris and dirt. After that, the base is treated with primers with a deep level of penetration. As soon as the soil dries, it is allowed to apply a waterproofing layer. The cover must be complete.

rolled

In such cases, roofing material, isoelast, aquaizol and other roll materials are used, which are divided into two types:

• pasting - attached to bituminous mastic or other compounds with adhesive properties. There are self-adhesive materials;
• floating - for its implementation you have to use additional equipment - a gas burner, a blowtorch.

The method is characterized by simplicity of execution, a long operating period, excellent moisture resistance, reliability and good strength indicators from mechanical influences.

The deformation capabilities and resistance to chemical compounds of a material are determined by its basis. Roll material on fiberglass or fiberglass does not have high deformability and resistance to chemistry, but polyester has such qualities.

Roll materials for waterproofing the foundation can be used in combination with coating materials.

The sequence of work is as follows:

• the surface is being prepared, which must be dry and clean;
• bitumen is applied;
• roofing material is glued in a flowing way;
• webs of material at the joints are superimposed on each other by fifteen centimeters, processed with a burner.

sprayed

This waterproofing option is considered innovative. It is allowed to be used for any foundation foundation, during the repair of old coatings. There is only one drawback - the price, which is not acceptable for everyone.

The advantages are the following:

• long service life;
• high degree of adhesion;
• ease of work;
• lack of seams;
• fast curing;
• ecological cleanliness and absence of toxins;
• UV resistance;
• good degree of elasticity.

The work is carried out in the following sequence:

• the surface is cleaned, covered with an antiseptic composition;
• seamless waterproofing coatings are applied with a special spraying device;
• as an additional measure, the surface must be reinforced with geotextile material.

Penetrating

An effective and cost-effective way to apply a waterproofing coating. Materials for this, as a rule, are prepared from cement, quartz sand and certain additives. The application method is similar to plaster work. But today in the construction market you can purchase compounds that are applied by spraying or coating.

With this method, special elements are created in concrete voids in the form of crystals that repel liquid.

Clay

A simple and effective method that perfectly protects against water. A trench is dug around the foundation base to a depth of 50 - 60 cm, at the bottom of it a pillow of gravel or crushed stone up to five centimeters high is arranged. Then clay is poured in layers, carefully compacted. It will act as a moisture buffer.

The main advantage of the method is the ease of implementation. But for a residential facility, it can only be used as an additional degree of protection.

Features of work performance

Waterproofing work to protect the foundation must be carried out during its construction, but if this condition is not met, they are allowed to be carried out later, although this will be much more difficult to do. You will have to dig the entire foundation, working in sections, so as not to reduce the level of strength of the building. Start from the corners, complete the waterproofing on the sections of the walls.

It is better to combine vertical and horizontal types, alternating the sequence when applying the next layer.

Having excavated the foundation, we clean the base, while water is not recommended. The remains of the soil are cleaned from the seam sections and cracks.

The recesses on the foundation are filled with cement mortar or tile adhesive, then these areas are treated with bituminous mastic. Roofing material is fused, which will require a burner. The first layer is applied horizontally, overlapping the strips. The second layer of roofing material is welded vertically. Heat-treated strips adhere perfectly, the roofing material at the corners of the house is not cut off, but wrapped.

Simultaneously with the application of waterproofing, drainage is arranged and the blind area is poured.

Conclusion

The installation of a waterproofing layer on the foundation base is an important part of the design work and the construction of structures itself. Given the type of waterproofing coating, it is arranged before the start of work or after pouring the base. The complexity of the workflow, financial costs and the life of the building will depend on the materials chosen and their correct application.

The foundation is the foundation of any building or structure. It, like any building structure, needs protection. Waterproofing a strip foundation is a set of works that protects the foundation from the negative effects of a humid environment. Consider the most common types of waterproofing, as well as how and from what to make it.

Waterproofing a foundation of any type is a necessary technological process for the production of works that protects the foundation from the negative effects of moisture. This work is of two types:

1. Vertical waterproofing - protection of the walls of the foundation itself.
2. Horizontal waterproofing is the isolation of one building material from another, with different water resistance coefficients.

The drainage system also applies to horizontal waterproofing, but this is a separate type of construction work, so we'll talk about it later.

Waterproofing the strip foundation can be done in several ways, some of them can be done independently without involving additional labor. And some - only in an industrial way, using specialized equipment.

Consider all types of waterproofing devices in order.

Bituminous coating

The cheapest, fastest and most common method, which consists in the complete processing of the foundation walls with special bituminous mastic. Due to its properties, the mastic fills all the microcracks and chips, preventing the penetration of moisture into the body of the foundation.

Bituminous coating waterproofing, as a building material, can be one-component (ordinary bituminous bar, requires heating), and sold in buckets, with special additives (a liquid state is obtained by chemical reaction, when mixed).

Waterproofing of strip foundations, in this way, is carried out by applying the composition to the surface to be treated with brushes. Before starting work, the surface must be dusted and dirt removed using brushes.

Advantages:

• does not require special skills;
• speed of work;
• cheapness.

Disadvantages:

• re-treatment of surfaces, after 5-7 years;
• with multi-layer processing, it requires a long drying time of the previous layer;
• the possibility of damage to the layer, when backfilling the foundation.

The use of roll building materials - can serve as a separate type of construction work, as well as additional protection for the method described above.

Waterproofing the foundation with rolled materials is carried out according to the following technology - sheets of rolled building material, cut to size (with a small margin), are applied to the surface covered with mastic. The work is done top-down.

Cut sheets, before installation, must be rolled up, leaving the top edge for heating. With the help of a burner (flute), the edge of the roofing material is heated and glued to the surface of the foundation. Further, gradually unwinding the roll and heating it, we paste the entire sheet, smoothing it from the center to the edges. The next sheet is glued with an overlap of 7 - 15 cm, on a previously installed sheet.

When gluing two or more layers, the rule of ligation of building materials is observed - the seam (joint) of each subsequent layer must be 20-40 cm from the seam (joint) of the underlying layer.

All corners of the foundation are additionally armored with strips of the same rolled material, the sides of which extend 20-30 cm from each side of the corner.

Waterproofing a strip foundation in this way requires the use of an open flame, therefore, safety precautions are required: the use of a special burner, a proven propane gas cylinder, the use of personal protective equipment (glasses, overalls, gloves and shoes).

Advantages:

• durability, up to 60 years;
• availability;
• easy maintainability;
• cheapness.

Disadvantages:

• not performed individually (requires a team of 2 - 3 people);
• work with an open flame.

The plaster mixture, which includes hydro-resistant substances and components, should be diluted strictly according to the instructions placed on the package or issued by the seller. Using a conventional spatula, the composition is applied to the surface of the foundation being processed. Before applying the solution, the entire surface must be covered with a special plastic mesh. The mesh is fixed with dowels.

• not expensive materials;
• speed of work.

• coating durability 10 - 15 years;
• the possibility of microcracks;
• not high water resistance.

The use of liquid rubber

Waterproofing, using liquid rubber, is carried out by applying it to a primed surface, using brushes, rollers or a sprayer. Since liquid rubber is a ready-made building material, it does not require preliminary preparation, except when several components are used that are mixed before work.

When using such compounds, you need to carefully consult with the seller, since some types of these building materials cannot be stored. That is, after opening the package, you must use the entire volume.

• durability, over 50 years;
• ease of production work;
• high waterproofing qualities.

• high cost;
• to speed up the production process, a special sprayer is required.

Penetrating waterproofing

Using a sprayer, a special composition is applied to the primed surface, penetrating into the concrete body to a depth of 10-20 cm. The composition is applied to the concrete in several layers.

• durability 50-70 years;
• simple production process;
• high waterproofing properties.

• high price.

Screened waterproofing

Waterproofing a strip foundation of this kind is very rare. The production process consists in the fact that special mats are attached to the surface of the foundation (using a mounting gun) or panels (inserted into locks located along the edges). It is not possible to do it on your own; licensed specialists are required.

Horizontal waterproofing

Waterproofing with roll materials

It is used to protect the foundation and buildings from the negative effects of capillary moisture.

A tape of material is laid on the surface of concrete, with a protrusion beyond the edges of the walls of structures standing on it, by 5 - 15 cm. The tape can be laid as a second layer on the mastic or as a separate element, without a base and fastening.

drainage system

Serves for removal of ground or thawed snow, from the base.

Along the perimeter of the foundation, a separate trench is dug, with a deepening, below the bottom of the foundation, by 20-30 cm and a slope towards the water collector or technical well. If necessary, sand is laid in the drainage trench. After that, geotextiles are spread, with an approach, on the walls of the trenches by 50-70 cm. The next layer is 5-10 cm of gravel (do not tamp!), On which the drainage pipe will lie, with a slope of 5-6 mm / 1m of the drainage pipe.

The required slope is formed by the layout of the previously laid gravel. Then, a layer of gravel 20-40 cm is added, on which the edges of the geotextile are wrapped (overlapped). After the trench is covered with soil.

Horizontal waterproofing of the strip foundation, made using this technology, will freely pass water to the pipe, for its subsequent removal, without clogging it.

If there is no water collector, then it needs to be done - for example, by installing a well of concrete rings or a container of a suitable volume.

Conclusion

Before choosing the type of waterproofing, it is necessary to consult a specialist, provided that it is not specified in the project documentation. Waterproofing performed in compliance with the technology will reliably protect not only the foundation itself, but also the structure built on it. And the exact calculation of building material will help save money and minimize future repair costs.