Do-it-yourself hydraulic press - equipment for a home workshop. How difficult is it to make a hydraulic or mechanical press with your own hands Which press design is better to do yourself

In the realities of everyday craftsmanship, there are not only home-made products, but also tools for their manufacture. A master of the highest class, who has extensive experience in needlework, is able to make even a tool of labor, on which another masterpiece will subsequently be created.

Sometimes this happens because buying new equipment in a store can often be expensive. In addition, the master, as a person of art and creativity, is not averse to once again testing his skills and making something that will serve him faithfully for a very long time.

Do-it-yourself hydraulic presses can really be a faithful assistant.

Some parts require flat pressure to give them a certain shape or degree of strength. This requires a hydraulic press.

Press design

The hydraulic press itself is equipment designed to create high pressure on parts. It can be measured in a range of values ​​such as from a few tons to thousands of tons.

The structure of the hydraulic press implies the presence of a small and large cylinder. Cylinders can be placed horizontally, but in most cases they are vertical.

The principle of operation of the device is reduced to Pascal's law. Fluid from one cylinder creates pressure, which creates movement and pressure in the other. The other cylinder acts on the piston, which in turn transmits pressure to the tool in contact with the part.

How can I use the press at home

The use of a hydraulic press in domestic conditions is quite popular. As a rule, it is located in the garage and is used for completely different purposes. With it, you can adjust the dimensions of parts for machines, as well as other household parts, such as bearings and silent blocks.

The press can bend, shape and flatten any metal part. It is suitable for surface bonding, waste briquetting. Or, for example, an apple press, as well as do-it-yourself presses.

As already noted, many simply cannot afford to purchase new professional equipment. Moreover, this is not always necessary.

A hand-made press will not take up much space, and its functionality can be customized for you, depending on your goals.

Press structure

A press made at home does not need high technological performance. As noted above, it is used to create and correct simple and small parts or simple operations. Based on this, home presses, as a rule, have a force of no more than 20 tons.

However, the parameters by which the press is classified are suitable both for production models and those made independently.

These options include:

• Geometrical values ​​of the equipment;
• Mass of the press;
• Piston amplitude;
• The presence of a manometer;
• Type of bed.

Nuances in the manufacture

How to make a press with your own hands? When you decide to handcraft your hydraulic press, there are many factors to consider. And one of the main ones is the reliability of the design.

The fact is that the hydraulic press is an equipment in which very powerful loads are allowed. Although home-made equipment is significantly inferior in strength to production samples, the first option must also be robustly designed.

First of all, it is worth remembering that everything must be made of solid and durable materials. It can usually be steel, and the higher its grade, the better.

Ideally alloyed stainless steel can be used. Of course, titanium alloy can become more attractive, but at the same time expensive.

The most important element of the press is the frame. It is on her that the greatest burden is placed. And this is in addition to the fact that it is the supporting part of the structure, which takes up the most space. The jack, installed inside the structure, exerts pressure in two places, horizontally and vertically.

Do not forget also that the design of even such a small structure also requires preliminary calculations and drawings (at least primitive ones) like any technological device. Do-it-yourself press drawings can be made by yourself, without any skills.

Do-it-yourself photo press

For some operations, a home master may require a press with a significant compression force, but the purchase of equipment of this class will be completely unjustified. Today we will tell you how to assemble a reliable press based on a hydraulic car jack in a few hours.

From what and how to assemble a frame for the press

The material for the frame, its structural strength and method of assembly must be determined by the pressure that the jack is capable of delivering. For an accurate calculation, it is important to understand in which direction the loads act during operation.

The basis of the press is a rectangular U-shaped frame made of a channel or a paired steel angle. The main acting force is the resistance to compression, expressed in concentrated load. The main force is concentrated in the centers of the horizontal bars. The forces that stretch the vertical legs of the press, and the phenomena of deformation in the compressible parts, can be completely neglected.

1 - upper thrust beam; 2 - bolts; 3 - jack 20 tons; 4 - return springs; 5 - movable beam; 6 - locking pin; 7 - adjustable support beam; 8 - transverse beam; 9 - legs from the corners

For installation with a compressive force of up to 5 tons for the manufacture of the frame, you can safely use:

1. Channel according to GOST 8240-89 size 8P.
2. A pair of hot-rolled corners according to GOST 8509-93, 50x5 mm in size, connected with 10 mm rods every 20-25 cm, or with a solid weld.

Let's make a reservation right away that we give approximate data on rolled metal for a frame in which the inner window is not wider than 100 cm. By analogy, when using a jack with a force of up to 10 tons, the frame should be made of:

1. Channel size 10P.
2. Twin angle steel 63x7 mm, solid seam connection with internal inserts of nominal section.

If the required compression force reaches 15 tons or more, then the frame should be made of:

1. Channel size 14P.
2. Paired corner 75x8 mm, the connection is similar to the previous one.

The above proposal for rolled metal implies a tenfold margin of safety, which completely eliminates the excess of the elastic deformation limit and is normal for installations of this kind. All frame joints must be welded with solid double-sided seams and butt cut. If the connection is not made by welding, assembly on bolts or cotter pins is allowed. In this case, it is imperative to take into account the maximum permissible load on the shear.

With a bolted connection, the main load becomes dispersed and the compression force of the press must be divided by the number of bolts or pins. The breaking shear force of bolts made of the most common ST-3 steel is:

1. M10 - about 2500-3000 kg.
2. M12 - 4000-4500 kg.
3. M14 - 5500-6000 kg.

To ensure the necessary margin of safety, each fastening element must experience a load five times less than the destructive one. For steel fingers, the force can be taken 10-15% higher than the indicated values. If the required number of fasteners cannot be placed in the corner assembly, the strength should be increased with gussets, for which it is preferable to use angle steel instead of sheet steel. The same applies to the welded frame construction, which also helps to avoid the use of unnecessarily massive rolled steel.

In addition to the loaded upper part of the frame, it includes two racks with legs that provide the press with sufficient stability, and a cross beam that can be moved when processing parts of different sizes. The cross section of the upper and lower beams must be equivalent, as well as the cross section of their fasteners. Everyone is free to implement the legs and support according to their own considerations, they do not experience work loads other than their own mass of the press. The only requirement is the presence of a lower crossbar, which gives the structure additional rigidity.

Which jack to use and how to modify it

The most affordable and suitable for making a home press will be a glass-type hydraulic car jack. As mentioned above, you have the right to choose the working force for your tasks, there are relatively inexpensive devices on sale that can squeeze up to 20 tons and even more.

The main problem with using such jacks is their inability to work upside down. It seems most logical to fix the jack permanently on the upper beam and use the lower one as a support for the part. However, this will require refinement of the hydraulic mechanism.

The first option for reworking the jack is to install an additional expansion tank with a capacity of about 300 ml. The tank is connected to the filler hole of the jack with a conventional silicone tube. For its tight fit, you can use threaded fittings for an oxygen hose, which are in stock at any auto parts store.

Another option for alteration will require disassembly of the jack. It is necessary to completely drain the oil and pump the plunger, then twist the upper clamping nut, holding it in a vise. After that, the outer glass is loosened with a rubber mallet, it should come out of the landing ring at the base of the jack. Immediately near the plunger lever there is a hole for the intake of the working fluid. The whole problem lies here: the glass is not completely filled and therefore, in an inverted state, the hole does not come into contact with oil. To eliminate this, you need to tightly press the tube into it, almost the entire height of the glass.

If you do not remake the jack, you will have to implement a more complex mechanism with an additional third beam. It should slide along the side rails and have a tight enough fit so that when the pressure is pumped up, the jack does not budge. In our case, the jack is simply attached upside down to the center of the top beam. There is no need for massive bolts, it is enough to make a couple of holes in the base plate of the jack and ensure fixation with M10 or M8 bolts that can withstand the weight of the jack itself and a slight shear force at the initial stage of compression.

Manufacture of pressure pads

The jack rod is not very convenient to work with, usually an increased area of ​​​​compressing headstocks is required to use a wide range of molds and work with large parts. In this case, the force should be distributed over the entire area of ​​the compressible surfaces evenly, without causing deformation.

In the simplest case, short full-bodied ingots can act as pressure pads. In them, it is quite simple to make blind holes with threads for fixing to the main structure of the press. But this kind of detail is not always available to the layman, so we offer the option of making our own headstock, which can withstand a significant compression force without harm.

The headstock must have the possibility of integral fastening with the jack rod, which excludes shifting during operation. Simply put, a non-through hole should be made in the headstock, into which the heel of the jack will enter with a minimum clearance. You will also need a pair of holes for attaching the springs of the return mechanism.

Both stocks can be made from two sections of a channel or four pieces of a corner, forming a parallelepiped with open side faces. The seams on the planes through which the axis of the main working force passes should be welded with a continuous seam from the inside, the rest - from the outside. One of the faces is muffled with a square insert, after which the inner cavity is filled with grade 500 sand concrete. After hardening, the headstock is welded on the other side, so two incompressible pads are obtained.

To land on a jack, it is enough to weld a piece of pipe of the appropriate diameter in the upper part of the headstock, which will act as a casing for the glass. For even greater reliability, a washer with a hole for the stem heel is attached to the bottom of the sleeve. The tailstock can simply be placed on the adjustable beam, but it is better to weld on a couple of corners or steel bars that limit the shift.

Adjustable support beam

As you already know, the lower beam should have a section no less than that of the upper one, but it differs in design. The support table is made of two channels with their ribs outward, which are applied on opposite sides of the racks and welded in the central part with inserts from a corner or thick reinforcement. There is free space along the center of the beam, which explains the need to make a lower support block. The latter must rest on at least half the width of each flange, the shear stops are welded in the center of the lower part.

The best option for fixing the beam on the racks is with the help of massive steel pins. To do this, in the vertical channels of the frame, a series of round notches should be made at different heights with a parallel arrangement. As you understand, the diameter of the fingers cannot be less than the total cross section of all the bolts used in fastening the upper part of the frame.

Return mechanism

The last part of the design of a homemade press is a spring mechanism that will fold the jack when the bypass valve is open. For this purpose, ordinary door springs are suitable, which can be purchased in unlimited quantities at any hardware store.

The task becomes more difficult when using the upper clamping headstock, the significant dead weight of which will not allow the springs to compress. As an option, you can increase the number of springs to four or six, or use more powerful tension springs for the gate.

In the absence of the upper block, it is necessary to fix the springs to the jack rod. To do this, you need a washer, the inner hole of which is larger than the stem adjusting screw, but smaller than the piston diameter. The spring is attached to it through two small holes along the edges and is fixed to the upper beam in the same way or on welded hooks. It is not necessary to position the spring strictly vertically; you can compensate for the excess length by tilting it.

Do you need a press? No problem, you can make it yourself! I bring to your attention just such an instruction. It will allow you to make an excellent electro-hydraulic press, and if you want, it can be just hydraulic.

The device works on the basis, the device is driven by a small motor similar to an old washing machine. All parts are inexpensive, but in the end we get a very cool and useful car!

We will send the material to you by e-mail

Any car enthusiast, and even a garage master, is familiar with the situation when it is necessary to press out any part from the shell, be it a bearing or a silent block. Someone needs to lay cardboard more compactly, and maybe even make fuel briquettes. But the necessary tool or equipment may not always be at hand. Let's try to figure out how difficult it is to make a press with your own hands and whether it is possible. And if possible, what material is required and what is the algorithm for such work. First, let's clarify what a press is and what it is intended for.

Factory made hydraulic press

What is the purpose and function of the press in everyday life and its varieties

Such devices have a very wide range of applications. This can be not only the extrusion of various parts, but also a device for collecting hay and laying it in even rolls. Perhaps the manufacture of some durable concrete products is required, or perhaps a lot of sawdust has accumulated, from which good fuel can be obtained.

Consider the main work that the press can perform in everyday life. This equipment can be divided into several types. The device of some types is similar, while others have fundamental design differences.

Press for extruding parts from any base or shell

Such equipment will come in handy in garage conditions. It is not profitable for an ordinary motorist to purchase it, because. the cost is quite high, and they rarely perform work. But to make a press in the garage with your own hands at minimal cost is quite acceptable.

You can use a similar press for silent blocks or bearings, i.e. for those parts, the installation and dismantling of which is not amenable to manual work. After spending a little time, you can design and assemble a device, the cost of which in a store can exceed 50,000 rubles.

Device for compacting various materials to the state of dense briquettes

Such a device will help put old newspapers into action, which will make good fuel for the stove. A waste paper press will help you save on the purchase of coal or firewood. In addition, there is no need to dispose of unnecessary correspondence, which many have accumulated a huge amount.

Approximately according to the same principle, a sawdust press can also be made. The excellent fuel that will be obtained when using it has proven itself not only in stove heating, but even on vacation. Long burning, strong heat and lack of smoke - these advantages helped fuel briquettes made with the help of a press to gain popularity. Barbecue, barbecue or a hot fire with a minimum flame - what else do you need for a good rest?

There is another option instead of sawdust to compress coal chips. In this case, it will be a fuel that burns for a very long time and releases a huge amount of heat. And there is usually a lot of such crumbling in the coal sheds of the houses that are heated by it. So why not let him in?

Press for recycling plastic and cardboard

Surely many have seen cardboard boxes that are tightly compressed into a tight pile. This is also the work of the press. After all, it is much more convenient to export such material when it is compactly packed. A cardboard press is one of the easiest to make with your own hands. Approximately according to the same principle, other solid materials can be disposed of. For example, with the help of a press, plastic bottles are turned into neat layers that are convenient for transportation.

But still, pressing plants bring the greatest help in agriculture.

Mechanized Harvesting Assistant

To collect the straw remaining on the field, after harvesting, or fodder hay, it is optimal to use a homemade pick-up press. In addition, it will not only facilitate labor. Neat dense rolls will be rolled from the straw, which are convenient to transport and store.

In the drawings of the hay press with your own hands, it is imperative to indicate the dimensions - this will help in the end to assemble everything correctly. Although there are options for very simple units, but more on that below.

Well, for starters, before proceeding with the hand-made manufacture of such a unit, it is important to understand the designs of its various types, understand their differences and decide on the necessary material.

What is the main design of the press and its various types

Many may say that it makes no sense to spend time on designing and assembling and it is much easier to buy a hydraulic press or its mechanical variety, but this is fundamentally wrong. Of course, if it is used, for example, in a car service, etc., it is possible that the unit will pay for itself after some time. But for home use and one-time work, the acquisition will be a very irrational expenditure of funds.

To fully understand the essence of the work, consider the design features of some types of such units. And you should start with the possibility of making a vacuum press with your own hands.

The main thing that should be said about this device is that it practically does not find application in everyday life. The fact is that a thermal vacuum press is most often used for the manufacture of doors and window frames, as well as various furniture facades. It is with his help that the parts are covered with a film (NDF). In fact, it is a large laminating machine.

Note! Such a press is very difficult to manufacture. Some craftsmen say that it took them more money to make such a device on their own than they would have spent on a purchase. It is precisely because of the great complexity and small scope that we will not dwell on such a press in detail. It will be much more interesting to consider a baler that can compact and collect hay or straw into bales.

Design features of the hay pick-up press

Such a simple installation is assembled from boards and is very useful in the household, because. compressed straw during storage takes up much less space and, at the same time, neat “briquettes” will be convenient to store.

Such a mechanical press is a wooden box, 80 x 80 cm in size and 3 m in length. On one end there is a hatch with a lock, and on the other - a wooden platform with a long lever, through which hay is pressed. In order to more fully understand the principle of operation and the device of such an installation, you can watch the short video below.

Surely, after viewing it became clear that such a press does not even require preliminary drawings. As for the press for the walk-behind tractor, there are no fundamental differences between them, with the only difference being that the second option does not have a lever. Crimping is carried out using the same pressing platform, but through a cable drive, i.e. the second option is just a more mechanized version of the first.

Video: with homemade press for making bales in haste

Compact press for everyday small jobs

For home use, a desktop hand press has proven itself quite well. Of course, it can also be made in a hydraulic version, but we will consider more complex units a little later. And therefore, now we will try to understand what is the principle of operation of a mechanical desktop press.

Such an installation is a frame welded from profiled iron and reinforced with stiffeners. From above, usually, a manual jack is attached in such a way that when the handle is rotated, it moves apart towards the lower platform. The unit itself is bolted to the workbench.

Thus, it turns out that by placing a part in the lower part of the steel frame, for example, by substituting a tube under it, you can easily squeeze out the middle part by rotating the handle of the jack. similar parts in their seats. The main thing is to ensure that there is no distortion under pressure.

You can make a similar press desktop or floor, if necessary, large sizes. But at the same time, do not forget that in this case you will need a more powerful jack, or the installation of a gearbox to increase the pressure force.

Sealing press or how to assemble a roller-based device

Sometimes it is necessary to roll out the wire or make a plate thinner. This is where the roller press comes in handy. The principle of its operation is easy to understand for those who remember the old washing machines with manual spin. Excess moisture from the linen in them was removed by passing things between two rollers. Turning the crank made them spin in opposite directions.

This is exactly how a mechanical roller press works, with the only difference being that it is possible to adjust the distance between the shafts, and there is also a gearbox that reduces the rotation speed, increasing power - after all, metal is much stiffer than fabric. Such mechanisms can be made both with a manual, mechanical drive, and with an electric one. In this case, instead of a handle through a chain transmission, it is necessary to connect an asynchronous motor. The gearbox with this connection will be slightly different. In addition, it is better to connect the motor through a frequency converter. This ensures a smoother start, energy savings and durability of the motor.

Production of high-strength concrete products - what is needed for this?

Someone may ask - what does concrete products have to do with presses? It turns out that the connection is direct. It is for hardening products such as cinder block, etc. vibropress is used. Inside such a device, where the form is located, a mixture of cement, sand, etc. is laid, after which it is pressed with a press and vibration is turned on. As a result, excess air is removed, and the product acquires the necessary strength.

Making such a vibropress with your own hands is quite possible, although it will require a lot of time, effort and knowledge. Usually, when it comes to paving slabs or something similar, home craftsmen prefer to make a regular vibrating table. In fact, there will not be much difference if the solution in the molds is not subjected to pressure, but simply loses unnecessary, excess air during the vibration process.

Hydraulics as the most common type of pressure supply to the press

The most interesting and common type of such units is a hydraulic press with an electric drive. The principle of operation of such a device is as simple as it is complex - and this is true. Low viscosity engine oil passes through a pump driven by an electric motor and enters the cylinder. It creates high pressure, which pushes the piston.

Of course, the drive can also be mechanical, without the participation of an electric motor and an oil pump. This is what will be the most common type of press, which is made by hand. For work in the garage, such a device, at times, becomes simply indispensable. And, besides, following some tips, even a novice master who knows the elementary skills of working with a welding machine or performing bolted connections can make it.

What is the device of a hydraulic press and how to make it

A press on a hydraulic drive in rural areas is generally indispensable. And it was invented back in 1975. The principle of its operation is to use communicating cylinders with pistons of different diameters. Moreover, the less pressing, i.e. the hydraulic pump and the larger the receiver - the hydraulic cylinder, the stronger the pressure will be created with less effort. In fact, this can be compared to the movement of a car in a low gear.

The most common form of hydraulic press, as already mentioned, has become a rectangular frame. And the main task in its manufacture is accurate calculations. The first step is, of course, to draw up a diagram of the future press, because. Without it, it will be difficult to deal with all the connections. The quality and speed of assembly of the unit depends on how detailed it will be.

All structural elements must be made of steel, with a thickness of at least 15 mm. This is done so that the frame does not lead during operation, because the effort will be significant. The main thing to think about is the design itself. At the same time, it must be remembered that hydraulic jacks are designed specifically to work in a vertical position and cannot be laid on their side, as well as installed with the stem down.

Ideally, you should get the following design. The rectangular, elongated frame is fixed on the frame. Inside the frame, vertically along the edges, there are 2 guides along which the horizontal crossbar goes up and down. A hydraulic jack is fixed on it, from above, and the cross beam itself is suspended from the upper part of the frame by springs, which provide reverse pressing of the cross beam when the jack is loosened.

The hydraulic press thus produced will push down when the jack is "inflated" and rise up when it is loosened by the springs. A large nut can be welded to the bottom of the beam, where various tips necessary for a particular job will subsequently be screwed.

If you have a separate hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic pump at hand, then you can make a more convenient unit. Indeed, in this case, it becomes possible to install the pedal, and during the production of work, both hands remain free, which is sometimes extremely necessary.

In general, how to make a hydraulic press is everyone's business. And the answer to this question is limited only by the imagination and wishes of the master. A little ingenuity and now an exclusive device is ready that meets all the requirements of convenience.

The importance of drawing up drawings for a do-it-yourself hydraulic press

The main task in such work is accuracy and attentiveness. And if the dimensions, for example, of the vertical racks do not match, the unit may push a little to the side, which in some cases can be critical. And therefore, drawing up drawings of a manual hydraulic press with your own hands is very important. Moreover, all dimensions on them must be registered and calculated to the millimeter. And in the manufacture of deviation from the drawing is unacceptable.

Press hydraulic drawing which is compiled correctly and will function perfectly. For a typical garage installation, the ideal size would be a carrier frame 50 cm wide and up to 1 m high.

Do-it-yourself hydraulic press - how long will such work take and which connections are better

Do-it-yourself hydraulic press frame is best assembled for welding joints. In this case, the seams must be of high quality. Of course, if a 3-ton jack is installed, no extra effort will be applied to the frame, but it’s still better to play it safe.

And what will happen if the weak seams do not withstand and the structure "leads"? Let's analyze this with an example. A failed motor bearing needs to be replaced. It is pressed into the duralumin cover, and therefore it is necessary to work with a home-made hydraulic press to remove it. And if during its extrusion the frame of the structure leads, the force on the bearing is supplied unevenly in a circle. As a result, the duralumin engine cover breaks. We've arrived. Now, in addition to the bearing, it is necessary to purchase a cover for an asynchronous motor (well, or a generator, the meaning does not change from this).

That is why, before you make a press with your own hands, you should think about the connections. If you are not confident in your ability to make high-quality welds, then it is better to either contact a professional or stop at bolted joints. But with this type of installation, you need to be careful. It is not worth spending 2-3 bolts of small diameter on one connection, this will not make it stronger. The best that can be for a garage hydraulic press is a single but thick bolt connection.

Article

The hydraulic type press is widely used in a wide variety of applications. It is excellent for jobs that require high pressure on parts. In the automotive industry, this condition applies to the processing of shafts, bearings and similar rounded products.

In everyday life, the hydraulic press is used to produce rubber, metal and plastic parts. This equipment is versatile and great for all kinds of work.

In this article, we will ask ourselves what the press can be made of.

Press application

To carry out complex and precise work, special equipment is needed, however, a simple hydraulic press will help solve some problems.

Here are the most common:

• production of bearings of the required size, perfect for your own small auto repair shop;
• bending of hardware;
• maintaining the necessary pressure for gluing parts of the product;
• assembly of rivet elements.

The best place to install equipment is a garage or suburban area. A photo of the press with your own hands can be seen below.

Hydraulic press for automotive works

Even for simple jobs, you need to have some skills. It is necessary to correctly take into account the working pressure, as well as the weight, dimensions and other characteristics of the piston mechanism.

The simple design of the hydraulic press is only applicable to passenger cars. For a cargo vehicle, you will need professional equipment. The ideas of homemade presses are unlikely to replace them.

Waste Paper Press

Such equipment, first of all, is necessary for summer cottages and suburban areas. A large accumulation of paper will sooner or later require its disposal.

The installation quietly works from a household electrical network of 220V at medium power levels. The press differs in high productivity even at small dimensions of the equipment.

Press for cardboard materials

In addition to cardboard, it is possible to press plastic bottles and cans. But in such equipment, a hydraulic pump is required.

sawdust press

It is used to obtain sawdust briquettes, widely used in heating country houses. The equipment is large. It consists of a table, frame structure, machine base and motor.

For manual use, a jack is used, and for mechanical use, an electric motor is used.

Hay picking equipment

There are instructions on how to make a press yourself. As preparatory materials, prepare metal corners, slats and planed boards. First, we proceed to the assembly of the box, using boards and metal corners.

This type of press is available in two versions:

• in the mechanical version, it is a simple design with low power and a force of up to 1 ton;
• homemade version of a hydraulic press with a working force of up to 4 tons.

Of course, it’s nice to have ready-made drawings on hand on how to make a press correctly, since for self-assembly you will need fastening elements for the frontal part of the equipment, a base for fastening all nodes, a running guide and a transport pickup.

Self-made hydraulic press

A simple version of a hydraulic press will require a welding inverter, an angle grinder, a hand saw, a metal puncher and a metal profile. A jack is also needed, depending on the purpose of the press, from 2 to 100 tons.

This type of press is made in the form of a bottle mold. Any hydraulic press consists of moving and static parts. Assembly units such as channels, corners and thick-walled pipes are perfect.

As dynamic blanks, return units and a moving stop are used; various types of racks and bases are referred to as fixed products.

Do-it-yourself step-by-step production of a press with your own hands, especially its base, is possible from any available materials. The center of gravity of the equipment should be placed as low as possible.

When installing the press on the floor, channels and corners with a thick section are used. To mount home-made presses on tables, square pipes are used. Materials from steel alloys are used as the material; the use of iron alloys is advisable with a workpiece thickness of 1 cm or more.

Do-it-yourself photo press