Diameter of sewer pipes: plastic, cast iron. Material of sewer pipes - which are, which are better Pipe sewer

Measures for the creation or reconstruction of sewer systems place all responsibility at the time of installation on pipes with the best performance. The choice of pipes must be carried out according to the criteria: material of manufacture, diameter, shape and type of sewerage configuration. All useful tips on the selection, calculation and layout of pipes in this case are relevant and justified.

We should not forget that the installation of sewerage is subject to and regulated by the rules and regulations, as well as the mandatory sequence and stages.

We organize sewerage

selection of pipes and fittings by type

Pipes by purpose

With the self-organization of sewerage, it is supposed to use pipes of a certain range, special chamfers (bells) and fittings.

Sewer pipes are distinguished by location and purpose into groups:

• outdoor sewerage with delivery of effluents to discharge.
• for internal sewerage with the collection of wastewater and their delivery to the system.

The placement and location of the external sewer pipe, withstanding the load of transport and soil, must create resistance to dynamic impact from the outside. According to the current norms and rules, it is recommended to lay sewer pipes below the freezing depth of the soil.

A feature of outdoor sewage pipes is their increased chemical resistance to aggressive environments, mechanical rigidity due to the corrugated surface and affordable installation.

The sewer pipes of the indoor installation are designed to transport wastewater heated to a certain temperature under pressure.

Let us add that strict requirements are not imposed on the sewer pipe of the internal installation due to the insignificant load of the internal sewerage.

Pipe selection by material

Sewer pipes according to the material of manufacture are divided into types:

• cast iron and steel
• ceramic
• polymeric plastic (PVC, PVC-NP, PP).

Let's make a reservation that cast-iron, steel and ceramic sewer pipes are rarely used because of the high cost. The budget option for installing sewerage are polymer pipes. Where and what kind of pipes is preferable to use?

It is known that PVC pipes are successfully used for internal gravity sewers as central risers and connections. PVC-NP pipes are used in any type of pressure and non-pressure sewerage.

PP pipes, which have increased flexibility and amorphism, are used exclusively in internal sewage.

Helpful Hints

Let's say, external sewage pipes are divided into classes according to strength: light, medium and heavy, marked SN2, SN4 and SN8, respectively. For example, pipes SN2-SN4 are designed for areas with low traffic voltage.

Detailed information for each class can be borrowed from the catalog of sewer pipes. For local outdoor sewerage, corrugated pipes ø 250-280 mm, laid to a depth of 10-15 m, are in demand

Outdoor pipes are painted orange or grey.

Fitting

Installation of sewer pipes involves the use of devices for connecting pipes to each other (fittings).

According to the method of installation, sewer fittings can be: threaded, flanged and self-locking.

We add that PVC pipes and fittings are connected using o-rings.

schemes and calculation

The simplest external sewage scheme is an executive axonometric scheme from specialist designers. On an enlarged scale, such a sewerage scheme consists of external and internal networks, including a common riser, a pipeline with sewage elements and an external pipeline to a collection tank.

The internal sewer network is represented by a plastic pipeline, the external network is a similar pipeline made of PVC pipes of a different diameter, a collector and a septic tank.

You will need to calculate the diameter of the pipes of both networks.

Helpful Hints

Calculation of the diameter of pipes of external sewerage

The components of the outdoor installation of sewer pipes are based on calculated data: the diameter of the pipes entering and forming the sewage system. According to the norms and rules, this parameter is calculated from the average daily discharge volumes, according to which the consumption limit is intended for pipes ø 150 and 200 mm. In addition to the estimated diameter of the "underground" pipes, it is recommended to take into account the slope for placing pipes in the trench at the rate of 2.5 cm per 1 linear meter. pipeline.

Calculation of the diameter of the pipes of the internal sewerage

According to experts, pipes ø 50 mm are recommended for laying internal sewerage (connecting sinks, sinks and bathtubs) and 100 mm for sewer and sanitary risers, as well as connecting a toilet bowl. The internal sewerage system is mounted with a slope of 3 °.

Installation of sewer pipes

The installation technology of sewer pipes for external laying and the arrangement of an internal network is identical: sections of the required size are assembled into a main or riser by simply screwing in according to the principle “pipe” - “tee” - “branches” - “plug”.

The tightness of the connection is ensured by a special chamfer and a sealing rubber sleeve.

But the complexity of installation is manifested in the place where the sewer riser is released and interfaced with the "underground".

For the installation of risers and main lines of internal sewerage, the following will be involved:

• outlets with connecting pipes
• inspection hatches and fasteners
• interstorey compensators
• pipes.

The stages of installation are: preparation and gluing of pipes, their subsequent fastening according to marking, pressure testing.

preparation and bonding

The installation of sewer pipes begins with fitting the connecting parts according to the scheme. Recall that the assembly of sewers begins from top to bottom - from the septic tank to the house and plumbing fixtures. The next step is to mark the pipes from the socket and fitting to the next element. The surface to be glued is cleaned of burrs. Then, to ensure the sealing of the joints, the elements are glued together. Let's say that the pipe should freely enter 2/3 into the socket.

fastening

Sewer pipes are fastened to stops located under the base of the socket. On the horizontal sections of the highways, the distance between the stops is up to 40 cm, on the vertical sections up to 1 m. Gaskets are placed at the junction of pipes and stop clamps, the fasteners are tightened.

The final stage of installation of external and internal sewerage is crimping, the purpose of which is to check the tightness of the system.

Useful tips for laying outdoor sewerage are shown in the video.

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Types of sewer pipes and connections and connections: from a toilet to a chemical plant

Dear reader, what types of sewer pipes and connections do you know? Probably, only a gray PVC pipe with an O-ring will pop up in your memory; those who happened to live in the houses of the old fund will remember the cast-iron risers with sockets, sealed up ... judging by their appearance - with rust and dirt.

In this article I will try to introduce you to the types of sewerage and how to install it in more detail.

Gray cast iron

The traditional material had no alternatives in the construction of domestic sewers just four to five decades ago. Pig-iron were risers, lezhnevki (horizontal sewer branches), combs (internal wiring), outlets to the well and the entire external network, with the exception of collectors.

Now the cast-iron sewerage is practically replaced by the ubiquitous plastic; during the overhaul of buildings, it is massively changed to PVC and polypropylene.

What's wrong with cast iron?

Peculiarities

• Both the pipes and the style are very heavy. The fragility of the metal has to be compensated by a significant wall thickness. In order not to be unfounded, I will give the mass of a linear meter of pipes of the most popular sizes:

Sometimes plumbers say words that are not accepted in polite society. Transportation of cast-iron pipes to the upper floors is on the list of leaders in terms of the number of unflattering epithets.

• Cast iron becomes brittle over time. The reasons are corrosion and limited resistance to aggressive drains. After 30 - 40 years of operation, risers and beds gradually begin to crumble. The sockets experiencing significant loads are the first to be surrendered;

• The price of pipes is far from the budget. Say, a two-meter branch pipe with a diameter of 100 mm costs about 1,500 rubles. For comparison, a PVC product of the same size will cost 4-5 times cheaper;
• Finally, the main thing: both the installation and dismantling of cast-iron sewers is a long and difficult process. About him - in a separate subsection.

Connections

The socket of a cast-iron sewer is usually sealed by chasing, followed by sealing with cement mortar. As a sealing material, a cable is used - a material resembling a roughly twisted hemp rope impregnated with bitumen. The chasing is done like this:

There are a few more things to know about joining cast iron pipes.

• Homemade coinage can be made by flattening a thin steel tube at one end and bending it into a Z shape;
• Instead of chasing, you can use a wide screwdriver;
• If possible, it is better to replace the cable with a more durable graphite gland;
• The solution for sealing the socket is prepared in the proportion of 1 part cement to 1 part sand. Pure cement can also be used;
• In order to disassemble the socket connection, you must first destroy its seal. For this purpose, I usually use a sturdy wide screwdriver and a hammer;
• Sometimes builders use molten sulfur to seal the sockets. To disassemble such a bell, it will have to be heated with a hairdryer or a blowtorch. For this work, a respirator is required: the fumes are so caustic that they are quite capable of causing respiratory paralysis.

VChSHG

Peculiarities

What is VCHSHG?

Nodular cast iron ductile graphite is a magnesium-modified gray cast iron.

As you know, cast iron differs from steel in a high carbon content (mainly in the form of graphite plates). In the process of modification, these plates turn into miniature balls, which dramatically changes the physical properties of the material: it acquires the plasticity and toughness characteristic of steel, while maintaining high resistance to corrosion.

As a result of ductile iron pipes:

• Not afraid of blows;
• Do not crack under deforming loads;
• They have a service life of 80 years or more.

The only manufacturer of ductile iron pipes in Russia is the Lipetsk plant Svobodny Sokol. Its pipes are supplied with an external coating of zinc and bituminous mastic; Inside, protection is provided by a cement-sand coating. The products are used for external sewer networks, as well as for water, heat supply and the needs of the oil industry.

Connections

All products of the Svobodny Sokol plant are socket pipes with rubber ring seals. Installation does not require chasing and, in general, any additional materials: just insert the pipe into the socket - and you can proceed to the next connection.

Do not rush to rejoice: the instruction for assembling the connection is simple, but its implementation is not very. The fact is that with a sewerage diameter of more than 250 - 300 mm, the force required for docking can reach tens or even hundreds of kilograms. It is obvious that it is unrealistic to assemble such a socket with your own hands.

In practice, when assembling pipelines, the following are used:

• Clamps and levers that allow you to repeatedly increase the mechanical force;
• Loading equipment. Simply put, the excavator bucket pushes the pipe into the socket through a wooden gasket.

Plastics

The vast majority of currently produced and sold sewer pipes and fittings are made of plastics. The most popular are polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and polyethylene.

General features

Why are plastics so attractive?

• All of them are dielectrics. You can forget about electrochemical corrosion;
• All listed plastics are resistant to aggressive environments and biologically active effluents. Solutions of acids and alkalis, household detergents and fecal water do not affect their service life;
• By the way, about him: the service life is estimated at a vague "50+ years". In practice, I have never seen a plastic sewer pipe with signs of aging. I have a strong suspicion that the plastic sewer in my house will outlive all family members;
• I already mentioned the cost of pipes and fittings above: against the background of cast-iron products, it is ridiculous;

• The inner surface of the pipes remains smooth throughout the entire period of operation, does not overgrow with deposits and does not contribute to the growth of the hydraulic resistance of the pipeline. Hence, fewer blockages;
• Most socket pipes are characterized by extremely simple installation. However, about him - a little later.

The main disadvantage of plastic is acoustic characteristics: the owners of the riser from these pipes can schedule visits by all neighbors. The problem, however, is easily solved by the construction of a box or any roll insulation.

Varieties

Not all plastics are equally useful in different conditions: each of them has its own characteristics.

• Sewer pipe HDPE(made of low-pressure polyethylene) and PVD (high-pressure polyethylene, which is slightly less mechanically strong) is elastic and has minimal heat resistance. Already at a temperature of 60C, polyethylene begins to deform. That is why polyethylene sewerage is not very popular;

All other properties of the material are worthy of all praise.
Polyethylene sewage perfectly tolerates the freezing of drains: it only stretches a little and, after the ice melts, returns to its previous size.
In addition, this plastic dampens noise much better than PVC and polypropylene - both due to the greater wall thickness, and due to its own elasticity.

• Sewer pipes PP(polypropylene), on the contrary, tolerate long-term heating up to 80 ° C and short-term heating up to 95 ° C. Polypropylene has greater rigidity compared to other plastics with a minimum weight: its specific gravity is only 0.91 g / cm3;
• PVC in terms of its properties is approximately in the middle: moderately durable, moderately heat-resistant. The reason for its popularity is precisely in the fact that it provides an optimal balance between consumer properties and price.

In addition to the type of plastic, pipes for various purposes differ in color coding.

1. The gray pipe is intended for internal sewerage. Typical wall thickness - 2.7 mm;
2. White sewers are usually silent pipes. They are distinguished by an increased wall thickness (3.4 mm) and a multilayer structure with a middle layer of increased density. The white pipe reduces the noise level by 30 - 50% compared to the gray one;

1. The red sewer pipe is designed for outdoor installation. It is distinguished by increased ring stiffness, which allows it to withstand soil pressure.

A separate item worth mentioning is corrugated pipes for external sewage. For their production polyethylene and polypropylene are used; corrugation again provides increased ring stiffness with minimal weight. It is curious that these products have a two-layer structure: the inner shell is made smooth, devoid of corrugation, which ensures minimal hydraulic resistance and the absence of.

Connections

Socket pipes with rubber seals are assembled by hand, without any additional devices and materials. The procedure is as follows:

For cutting PVC or polypropylene pipe and chamfering, I use a grinder with any abrasive wheel. Burrs are removed with a sharp knife. If the pipe does not fit into the socket, it is enough to soap its inner surface or the end of the pipe from the outside.

Polyethylene pipes can only be cut with a hacksaw. During abrasive cutting, polyethylene melts.

Corrugated outer pipes are connected on the same rubber seals: the ring is inserted into the second (with a diameter of up to 200 mm inclusive) or the first cavity between the corrugation ribs. To facilitate assembly and ensure tightness, silicone grease is applied to the pipe. The connection is carried out in the same ways as in the case of ductile iron pipes.

When installing a pressure sewer, along with rubber seals, adhesive joints are used. PVC adhesive is a solution of this polymer in tetrahydrofuran, dichloroethane, cyclohexanone or dimethylformamide. It is volatile and extremely toxic, so all work should be done with windows open.

Pressure pipes for adhesive bonding are mounted as follows:

1. Glue is applied to the inner surface of the socket;
2. The pipe is inserted into it and rotated a quarter of a turn;
3. The connection is fixed for 2 - 3 minutes.

asbestos cement

Peculiarities

Asbestos-cement pipes are used exclusively for the installation of external sewage. Asbestos fiber in them performs the functions of reinforcement, making the material less brittle. However, asbestos cement still does not tolerate shocks and displacements of soil layers.

Material advantages:

• Resistance to household and moderately aggressive industrial drains;
• Long service life (at least 50 years);
• Cheapness. Despite the material consumption (a pipe measuring 100 mm x 3.95 m weighs 26.5 kg), the material is even cheaper than PVC: the wholesale price of this same four-meter pipe is only 280 rubles;
• Possibility of laying a pipeline with slight bends (up to 3 angular degrees per connection).

The main disadvantage is fragility. In my memory, pipe fractures occurred even under the sidewalk and lawns, not to mention the area of ​​​​vehicle traffic with their significant loads.

Connections

Modern asbestos-cement pipes are produced both with sockets and smooth, for connection with a coupling.

Bells and couplings are completed with rubber sealing rings. Installation is no different from assembling a pipeline from ductile iron.

A few decades earlier, other methods of sealing the socket joints of free-flow sewers were practiced:

• Kabolka with sealing the socket with cement or mastic;

• Cement-sand mortar with the addition of liquid glass. Sodium or potassium liquid glass made the solution waterproof and accelerated its setting up to 15-20 minutes.

Ceramics

Ceramic sewer pipes are made from raw and fireclay clay by extrusion, drying and subsequent firing at temperatures up to 1250 degrees. Nominal diameter - from 150 to 1400 mm (diameter over 600 mm is offered by manufacturers at the request of the consumer and is not available for sale).

Peculiarities

The material has all the characteristic properties of ceramics:

• High ring stiffness;
• Resistance to high temperatures and their differences in a significant range;
• The ability to transport aggressive effluents, including concentrated solutions of alkalis and acids, without damage to themselves.

Prices ... the word "horse" can not be called literary, but it exhaustively characterizes the situation. Here is a fragment of the price list for Steinzeug Keramo products.

Features of the material and the pricing policy of manufacturers limits the use of ceramics to specific areas - the transportation of high-temperature and aggressive effluents. Pipes are widely used in metallurgy and the chemical industry.

Connections

Some time ago, during the installation of ceramic pipes, seals were used from a kabolka ("resin strand") sealed with asphalt mastic or (in the case of special requirements for temperature conditions) greasy crumpled clay - soap.

Currently, ceramics are mounted mainly with socket and socket joints with an elastic seal; the technology is already familiar to us - the pipe is pressed into the socket using a lever with clamps or loading equipment.

There are two types of butt joints. F joints involve the use of rubber seals inside the sockets. Joints C are sealed with a seal on the sleeve; it can be rubber or polyurethane.

Reinforced concrete

Peculiarities

The large mass of reinforced concrete pipes limits their use to well connections (including storm sewers) and the construction of sewers. The service life is estimated at 30 - 50 years; The main problem is reinforcement corrosion. Loading equipment is used for installation.

Connections

To seal the socket joints, rubber seals are used; to protect them, the sockets are sealed with a cement-sand mortar.

The procedure for installing reinforced concrete sewers of large diameter is exhaustively described in one of the manuals for SNiP 3.07.03-85:

• The pipes are connected using a truck or crawler crane located as close as possible to the edge of the trench;

• Before installation, a sealing ring is installed in the socket groove. The socket must be pre-cleaned of debris, not have cracks and other visible defects;
• The socket and the sealing ring are pre-lubricated with graphite-glycerin grease or soapy water;
• After assembly, the socket is sealed with a cement-sand mortar. To prevent the lock from collapsing during the installation of the next pipe, the sockets are closed with a delay (after 3-4 pipes from the installation site).

For home, for family

So many types of pipes ... it's easy to get confused. And which are better for home sewage?

I would advise not to reinvent the wheel and take advantage of the experience of thousands of owners of houses and apartments:

• Orange PVC pipe is used for outdoor installation (outlet to a well or septic tank, connection of wells, etc.);

• Gray - also made of PVC - is used for internal networks. Everything else entails only an increase in costs without any tangible benefits.

Conclusion

I hope that my miniature review of the materials and solutions used in the installation of sewerage was informative enough. As always, you can learn more by watching the video in this article. Please feel free to add your comments to it.

Good luck, comrades!

If you want to express gratitude, add a clarification or objection, ask the author something - add a comment or say thanks!

Each section of the sewer system uses a different material of sewer pipes and requires different types, depending on the operating conditions. To correctly select all the elements, you should familiarize yourself with the characteristics, requirements and types of these products. Pipes and connections are an integral and important part.

To select high-quality products with excellent characteristics and an affordable price, you need to know the requirements for sewer pipes. They should be:

1. Durable and durable, because by installing internal or laying external sewerage during the construction of a cottage or summer house, each home owner hopes that he will not have to repair it soon and eliminate the unpleasant consequences of a breakthrough.
2. Resistant to temperature extremes, ultraviolet radiation, mechanical stress and the ingress of aggressive reagents.
3. Convenient and easy to install, light weight and reliable connections.
4. Features high flow capacity and a smooth inner surface so that household drains with different particle sizes do not cause regular connections.

Sewer pipes are multifunctional and have different types

When deciding which products to choose, it is necessary not only to adhere to the most important requirements, but also to assess the specific conditions in which the pipeline will operate, and determine the cost, because the financial component during construction is important.

Types of sewer pipes and connections vary depending on the installation location. The internal system is designed to collect domestic wastewater from all sanitary appliances in the house and transport it within the building. External sewerage supplies wastewater to general or local treatment facilities. The most important classification indicator is the material of sewer pipelines, they are made of cast iron, concrete, asbestos cement, ceramics or polymers.

Internal sewerage

Before choosing sewer pipes, the types of which should correspond to the interior of bathrooms, kitchens, baths or home pools, you should clarify the number of plumbing fixtures, the likelihood of their simultaneous use, the maximum flow rate and the degree of improvement of the building. Products can be made of polyvinyl chloride, their advantages include a small specific weight, ease of installation and an attractive price, which can significantly reduce costs. But PVC pipes can be deformed under the influence of high temperatures, they are unstable to a number of chemically active substances, they are flammable and emit toxic substances.

The low pressure polyethylene pipe is characterized by almost perfect smoothness of the inner surface of the walls, long service life, high strength and rigidity, the ability to function in a wide temperature range and ease of installation. But when laying such a pipeline, it is advisable to install special protective boxes, since such material is not resistant to direct sunlight.

Plastic and mechanically resistant polypropylene pipelines are so reliable at elevated water temperatures that the selected material can be used not only for the sewer, but also for the heating system. The use of modern polymeric materials guarantees that the service life of the system will be at least 25 years.

Outdoor sewerage

How to choose external sewer pipes depends on the terrain, the allocated budget and the availability of engineering networks in the local area. Until relatively recently, cast iron was the most popular material for risers inside buildings. The material has excellent physical and chemical properties, due to which it does not lose its relevance in the construction of outdoor networks today.

Cast iron pipes do not rust, they can last for about 70 years without deforming from the loads created by the weight of the soil and passing vehicles. The disadvantages of this type of pipelines include high weight, fragility and high cost. In addition, impurities accumulate on the rough inner surface of the pipes, and the diameter of the pipe gradually narrows, which can lead to blockages.

Ceramic products are very durable, they are resistant to chemical reagents in the composition of wastewater, but they are quite fragile and laborious to install, because such pipes with a diameter of up to 600 mm have a length of only 1.5 meters.

Asbestos-cement sewer pipes are inexpensive and light enough. They are sufficiently resistant to aggressive environments, have a smooth inner surface, but are quite fragile, and besides, asbestos cement has carcinogenic properties.

Despite their environmental friendliness, concrete pipes for outdoor sewerage in private homes are rarely used, because due to their heavy weight, special equipment is needed for their delivery and installation.

Currently, these types of sewer pipes are used less and less, more and more often the owners of private houses choose modern products made of polypropylene, fiberglass or polyethylene. The strength of such pipes, sufficient to withstand the weight of the soil, is given by double walls, special stiffeners that give the pipe the appearance of a corrugation, and ring reinforcements. Such pipes are quite light, they are much easier to transport and install.

Designing a sewer system is an important part of building a modern home. It is difficult to imagine the life of people in whose house there is no sewerage. It must be airtight, strong, sufficient to meet all needs and durable.

The choice of pipes for sewerage is an important part of its design.

There are two types of materials used for these purposes: plastic and metal.

plastic pipes

The most in demand in recent years are plastic pipes, which are more popular than metal pipes, since they are easier to transport and install.

Plastic pipes are divided into:

• from low pressure polyethylene (HDPE);
• from high pressure plastic (PVD);
• polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
• polypropylene (PP).

These materials differ from each other in terms of strength, endurance and cost. Pipes made of different types of plastic are designed for different purposes: some are only suitable for cold water or drainage systems.

More durable, which in terms of resistance to thermal stress are quite comparable with metal, are recommended for use in heating systems. Plastic pipes are the most convenient for sewerage installation.

Benefits include:

• chemical inertness. All plastic pipes are resistant to any substances: acids, alkalis, salts, reactive oxygen species. They do not enter into chemical reactions. Solutions flushed down the drain will not harm.
• Smooth surface. Every unevenness or roughness in the sewer pipe is its weak point. Plaque forms here, which over time leads to overlapping of the lumen. In the event of such a situation, the sewer must be cleaned. Plastic pipes are smooth, so plaque does not form on their walls and it does not clog.
• Corrosion resistance. Plastic, unlike metal, does not oxidize under the influence of moisture and oxygen. They are not subject to corrosion even when in moist soil due to the properties of the materials from which they are made.
• Light weight. Plastic pipes are lightweight. They are easier to transport, easier to work with and less expensive.

The sewer system is one of the key components of any residential and industrial premises. In order to properly organize the drainage of wastewater from the building, you need to correctly select and install sewer pipes for external sewage.

Design features of external sewerage

External sewerage is a sewer network, the pipes of which are located outside the house. The standard design consists of the following main elements:

1. Purification facility, which is located directly at the place where water is released from the building;
2. Several filter wells;
3. pipeline;
4. Additional filtration structures or systems.

The main role in any sewage system is played by the pipeline. Unlike an internal waste management system, its main task is to transport water outside the building. In this case, the pipes are subject to many aggressive factors: temperature, wind, physical activity.

Photo: External sewerage from plastic pipes

Features of sewer pipes

A pipeline for a private or multi-storey building of an outdoor type must meet several parameters:

1. The pipe material must be well tolerated by temperature changes;
2. It is very important that the pipes were frost-resistant, and also tolerated high temperatures and direct sunlight normally;
3. Be sure to consider the stability of the system to work in aggressive environments;
4. The material must be wear resistant.

Previously, regardless of the type of sewage, metal pipes were used, but they are not suitable for outdoor installation due to the fact that they do not tolerate frost well and are susceptible to corrosion. At the moment, the building materials market offers pipelines from the following materials:

1. Plastic;
2. Cast iron;
3. Reinforced concrete;
4. ceramic compounds.

Despite external reliability, cast iron or reinforced concrete pipes are very fragile. They are rarely used in private construction also because of their high weight. Therefore, for their installation, you need to use additional lifting equipment. Ceramics is known for its excellent durability and is not susceptible to corrosion. But at the same time, ceramic compounds become brittle under the influence of low temperatures. Also, ceramic pipes are sold only up to 2 meters long. For a standard sewer, you will need to use a large number of connections, which will significantly reduce the strength of the entire system.

The most commonly used plastic pipes. There are the following types of plastic, which is used for the manufacture of gutters:

1. PVC (polyvinyl chloride);
2. Metal-plastic;
3. Polypropylene;
4. Polyethylene.

Related video:
In general, experts recommend using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC). These polymers are obtained by processing vinyl chloride in a special way, their main difference is that the first version contains plasticizers, while the second does not. It should be noted that PVC can tolerate low ambient temperatures, while PVC-U is used only in the range from 0 to 45 degrees. If you have opted for PVC pipes, it is better to install them in thermal insulation.

Polypropylene sewer pipes for outdoor sewage have a number of advantages: low price, easy installation, durability. Unlike PVC options, they perfectly tolerate sub-zero temperatures, while not cracking, but slightly expanding (even if water freezes in them).

Gray metal-plastic options are most often not suitable for outdoor work due to poor transfer of temperature changes. In addition, their cost is much higher than that of classic plastic pipelines. A good selection of such communications is provided by the Rehau catalog.

Plastic sewer polyethylene pipes for outdoor sewage are known not only for their low price and durability. In addition, they are well tolerated by chemicals, are used at low temperatures, and do not lend themselves to corrosive processes. Available options are offered by the domestic company Egoplast.

To connect plastic pipelines to each other, special fittings are used - fittings. They are used both for internal work and for external work, the main difference is the material and certain alloys. In order to install outdoor sewer pipes, you need to buy orange parts.

How to install tubes

Installation of pipes for an external sewer system must be done according to a finished project. If you do not have experience in carrying out construction work of this type, it is better to trust professionals.

Outdoor piping installation rules:

1. The depth to which the pipe will be installed is not indicated in GOST, but builders recommend laying the pipe at a level lower than the ground freezes in winter. The necessary data can be obtained from the geological center of your city;
2. Trenches should be "with a margin." On average, you need to make a hole 400-500 mm larger than the size of the pipe. Let's say for a pipe with a diameter of 200 mm, it will be necessary to dig a trench about 700 mm in size
3. Strictly follow the required slope angle;
4. It is very important that the trench had a flat bottom and side parts. Large stones, glass and other hard objects can damage frozen pipes.

External type pipes for sewerage are connected using a socket. This is a very convenient way: one end of the pipe is smooth, and the other is slightly wider and with a slight corrugation. You simply assemble the pipeline like a constructor. Attachment points must be sealed with special mastic and gaskets. The main thing is not to use mineral mixtures that destroy vinyl chloride.