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Do-it-yourself country house sandwich panels. Sandwich panel houses

The rapid development of building technologies leads to the regular appearance of new materials. Sandwich panels can be counted among them: having appeared on the construction market not so long ago, they quickly gained great popularity.

Sandwich panels have a complex structure that includes several layers. Inside there is an insulating base, for the manufacture of which a foamed or extruded polymer or mineral wool is used. The extrusion filling is very durable, and has higher insulating characteristics. The heat-insulating core is closed on both sides with protective PVC sheets. On the front side, a better glossy or matte plastic is used, on the inside - a durable rough sheet, on which an adhesive is smeared. In addition to PVC, OSB board or steel sheet can be used to make the outer walls of the sandwich.

Sandwich panel device

A simpler version of the sandwich consists of two layers (there is no back protection). External walls and internal thermal insulation are securely connected with a special hot-melt adhesive: Hot-Melt technology is used for its manufacture. As part of a two- or three-layer structure, there are no toxins harmful to the body: this opens up wide opportunities for the use of sandwich panels in the social and housing sectors.

Appearance of sandwich panels

Multilayer panels can be safely attributed to universal materials that are used both in decoration and in the construction of buildings.

Sandwich panels are perfect as a building material from which various low-rise buildings are constructed:

Industrial. The material is used for the construction of warehouses, hangars, production areas.
Public and household. We are talking about office space, retail outlets, change houses.
Filling, repair, washing stations for vehicles.
Sports. Gyms, indoor skating rinks, etc.
Agricultural. Farms for breeding poultry, animals, various greenhouses.
Refrigeration and freezing warehouses.
Medical and other sanitary facilities.

Sandwich panels are used in various types of structures

In addition, panels of this type are often used in cases where reconstruction or thermal insulation of dilapidated houses with insufficiently strong ceilings is carried out.

The main classification of sandwich panels - according to the type of internal filler:

In addition, there is a classification of sandwich panels according to the material of the outer sheets: they can be metal (galvanized), PVC or oriented strand boards (the so-called "SIP panels").

The undoubted advantages of sandwich panels include the following characteristics:

The material also has weak points:

Thanks to the sandwich panels, the emergence of the technology of rapid construction of buildings, which is very popular today, has become possible. Thus, it is possible to equip an object in a short time, regardless of the weather. Prefabricated buildings are built, as a rule, within 2-3 weeks (including the time for drafting the project). The complexity of the structure being erected in some way affects the duration of the construction.

Installation of sandwich panels

However, in any case, this happens much faster than when using bricks, foam blocks and other traditional materials. Such fast construction time is explained by the small total mass of the object. In this case, there is no need for a monolithic powerful foundation, the laying of which usually takes a lot of time and resources: and it is the foundation device that “eats up” a significant part of the time and money. The construction of prefabricated buildings is carried out by a small group of installers (3-4 people) without the involvement of specialized equipment. In this case, it is quite possible to do with manual devices.

The order of construction work:

Design. To save time, one often goes by using a suitable standard project, which can be modified individually.
For sufficiently large structures, it is recommended to use reinforced concrete panels as a foundation. However, if the building is small and light enough, consider a brick or concrete stone foundation with an additional layer of waterproofing.
To install individual elements, you will need a reliable frame, for the construction of which lumber or a metal profile can be used. The installation procedure is carried out with a screwdriver and a special lock. With the proper qualification of the performers, the build-up of the structure occurs very quickly.

Sandwich and SIP panels are also used in the construction of the so-called. "inertialess" (frame) buildings. This technology is characterized by the use of materials with good insulating properties with low heat capacity. Such objects are distinguished by a very rapid increase in the air temperature in the premises, during which the camps remain cool. They try to make them as tight as possible, which makes it possible to spend minimal money on heating.

Frame building from sandwich panels

Inertialess structures made of SIP panels operate on the principle of a thermos: their walls cool down quickly, and the air remains warm for a long time even after turning off the heating. This technology is widely used in the construction of modern dachas and country cottages with temporary residence. Given the tightness requirements, such houses will require a rather complex ventilation system, the air ducts of which are constructed from ceramic pipes or brick ducts.

From the point of view of economy, frame structures are the cheapest (especially if SIP panels are used). Even taking into account the mandatory use of expensive forced ventilation, the costs of building a frame house are inferior to brick counterparts by about 1/3. It should be borne in mind that any prefabricated building in terms of durability is an order of magnitude inferior to brick or foam block structures. Strictly speaking, such structures are intended for one generation.

In order to maintain the overall style prefabricated buildings from sandwich panels, began to produce special products for roofing. In such cases, mineral wool acts as an inner layer, and the panels themselves have higher load-bearing characteristics. Using such products, designers have ample opportunities for a natural complementary overall design, when not only the appearance is maintained, but also the method of building the object. For the manufacture of roofing sandwich panels, only fire-resistant materials are used: basalt insulation, profiled steel sheathing, non-hot glue.

Sandwich panels for roofs and walls

Considering sandwich panels as a material for the construction of a building, first of all, it is necessary to determine the purpose of the object. As the main material, this material is most often used in the construction of industrial or social facilities. We are talking about various pavilions, hangars, gas stations, warehouses, etc. At the same time, the so-called. "industrial" style.

These materials are also used in the residential sector (frame construction), which can significantly reduce the construction time. However, buildings of this type are not very durable, so if you want to get a cottage for centuries, it is better to use traditional brick or blocks. Sandwich panels in private construction are more appropriate to use for the construction of minor buildings (except for baths, due to the low heat capacity of the walls).

Bath from sandwich panels

cost of sandwich panels

Sandwich panels are fairly inexpensive materials.

The final price depends on the following factors:

Manufacturer. Domestic samples are much cheaper than Western ones.
type of heater. The most expensive are products based on basalt wool.
Facings.(Type of material, number of layers).

A house made of sandwich panels can be built at any time of the year, spending a minimum of time on all the necessary construction activities. For this reason, such residential buildings are currently popular all over the world.

Advantages of residential buildings made of sandwich panels - why are they so popular?

The technology of building houses from the products we are interested in is currently worked out to the smallest detail. The construction process itself is quite simple and straightforward. If desired, the building of sandwich panels (SIP or SIP) can be erected independently, without involving specialists in the process. The key advantages of such residential buildings are listed below:

1. It takes 7-14 days to build a box house from sandwich panels.
2. There are no restrictions on the ambient temperature at which work is allowed. They can be performed both on hot days and in frosty weather.
3. Low cost. The construction of houses from SIP requires a minimum financial investment. This is due to the simplicity of the technology and the low cost of the panels used.
4. High strength, sound and heat insulation of buildings. Houses made of sandwich panels withstand strong hurricanes, warm up quickly, and retain heat well. Thanks to this, during the operation of the building, it is possible to save a lot of money on heating.
5. The walls of housing made of SIP do not deform, the house itself does not shrink. After the construction of the building, it is allowed to immediately begin its external and internal decoration.
6. Ease of installation work. The panels are easily mounted in a vertical position, the house does not require a reinforced base (foundation).

After describing all the advantages, you might think that the sandwich panels used to build a house are the ideal material for arranging a comfortable and economical home. But not everything is so rosy. The shortcomings of the described buildings will be discussed in the next section.

Cons of housing from SIP - take into account!

Houses made of sandwich products are operated for no more than 25–30 years. In terms of strength, they are significantly inferior to buildings made of concrete, brick and natural wood. The panels in question are non-environmental products. In their production, synthetic products, various additives and resins obtained by chemical means are used.

Also, the minus of residential buildings from SIP include their complete tightness. is such that the output is a kind of building-thermos, in which the air is not updated. It is imperative to equip the supply and exhaust forced ventilation. The cost of its competent installation significantly increases the cost of construction.

SIP buildings are officially classified as G1 flammability category. It is believed that one can live in such houses without fear of fires. In practice, this is not entirely true. Sandwich products burn actively and quickly and at the same time emit a lot of harmful substances into the atmosphere. In addition, the expanded polystyrene, which is part of the panels, becomes liquid when burned, collects in red-hot drops that fall from top to bottom like a kind of fiery rain. Putting out such a fire is problematic.

Projects of houses made of sandwich panels are designed for the operation of a dwelling in almost any weather conditions. As noted, such buildings do not collapse even with strong hurricane winds. But punching a hole in a building with a hammer or an ax is not difficult at all. This is worth remembering for those who decide to build their own house from SIP.

And one more important point. A house made of sandwich panels, which you plan to build with your own hands, requires the design and installation of a special heating system - air. It makes sense to entrust its installation to professionals. In principle, it is also allowed to install a standard heating system - with batteries under the windows, traditional wiring. But then you can forget about saving on heating the house. But this is one of the main advantages of SIP buildings.

Features of SIP - what you need to know about the design?

Sandwich panels are special three-layer products. They consist of:

core. It is a layer of insulation. As such, polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam or mineral wool acts. Please note that most often the function of the core is performed by expanded polystyrene. The thickness of the insulation can be different - from 5 to 25 cm. Its specific value depends on the requirements of the construction customer. If the house will be operated in a temperate climate, the thickness of the core is taken about 10–15 cm.
two outer layers. They are made from fiberboard (MDF), magnesite or oriented strand board (OSB) boards. The outer layer has a thickness of 0.9–1.2 cm. OSP-3 products are most in demand on the domestic market. Their thickness is 1.2 cm. They provide strength to load-bearing structures and resist high humidity well.

The core and outer layers of SIP are connected into a single structure under pressure. The result is a composite material with increased strength characteristics.

We have already said that inexpensive sandwich houses are usually made with a core of Styrofoam. This material consists almost entirely of carbon dioxide (approximately 98%), which gives the products unique heat-shielding properties. In addition, expanded polystyrene is a very light and inexpensive material. It is worth remembering that it can melt if there is a source of open fire nearby.

Mineral wool does not burn and does not support combustion processes. But for the manufacture of SIP it is rarely used. The reason is its high cost and heavy weight. Panels with a mineral wool core weigh 2–2.5 times more than products made of polyurethane foam and expanded polystyrene. If you build a house from SIP with mineral wool insulation, the cost of construction work approximately doubles.

Let's say a few words about the outer layers of the products we are interested in. It is advisable to use those panels that are made from wood chips (OSB). The latter has a length of up to 14 cm and a cross section of up to 0.6 mm. Such chips are laid in three layers. Then it is filled with a special adhesive waterproof resin and the resulting composition is pressed at a certain temperature and pressure, after all these operations, products with a high elasticity index and bending strength are obtained. The OSB surface is easily sawn and at the same time has excellent resistance to moisture.

First step - . It is impossible to do without this stage. The technique of frame-panel construction allows you to choose any projects of houses from sandwich panels. You can purchase a ready-made scheme. It is even better to order an individual project of a residential building in a specialized studio. Then you can build a unique home where you will be comfortable and pleasant to live.

After that, based on the drawn up project, you should order sandwich panels with the required dimensions and in the right quantity for construction work. You can use standard products. But in this case, the construction process will be significantly more complicated and delayed. It will take you a long time to customize SIPs of standard sizes to the desired parameters. Some craftsmen make panels with their own hands. But for this you need to have special equipment. This option is not considered by an ordinary home master.

While the panels are being made, you can begin to equip the foundation for your future home. from SIP do not require the construction of heavy foundations, as they are lightweight structures. It is enough to make a shallow tape or tape-columnar base. If desired, and if you have free time, you can fill in a pile-grillage or slab foundation.

The shallow base under the house is equipped as follows:

1. Mark out the site for construction, remove the soil (the width of the excavation is 0.4 m, the depth is about 0.6 m).
2. Tamp the groove made, pour a layer (about 10 cm) of sand, compact this layer. Then lay 10 cm of rubble. You tamp again.
3. Make a standard timber formwork. It should protrude 0.45–0.5 m above the soil surface. Do not forget to make holes in this design. They are necessary for the organization of air, which are part of the ventilation system.
4. Knit a frame of metal reinforcing bars, mount it in a foundation ditch.
5. Pour the concrete solution into the base. Be sure to remove air bubbles using a special vibrator.

The foundation will harden for about four weeks. After that, dismantle the formwork, lay several layers of hydrostekloizol (a modern moisture protector) or ordinary roofing material on the base surface, coat the resulting structure with bitumen-based mastic.

Now let's start laying the crown beam. Its cross section should be 25x15 cm. The timber should be placed strictly horizontally in the middle of the base for construction. In the corners, the crown element is connected according to the "paw" or "half-tree" schemes, and then carefully fastened with a dowel made of wood. The latter must be driven into the timber carefully, using a mallet hammer. The beam is fixed to the foundation with anchors with a section of 1–1.2 cm, 35 cm long. The distance between the individual fasteners is 150–200 cm. Important! the heads of the anchors must be recessed into the crown beam.

We build a building from sandwich panels - a step-by-step guide

We begin construction work with the arrangement of the floor. We prepare the bars. Of these, you will make spikes-beams and logs for the floor base. If SIPs with a thickness of 22.4 cm are used, take the section of the bars 20x5 cm, if products of 17.4 cm are used - 15x5 cm. At this stage, you need to perform a competent calculation. We take the length of the beam so that it fits without problems into the groove of the crown beam and at the same time completely fits on the foundation. Cut (if necessary) the panels, make a gap (about 2–2.5 cm) between the surface of the insulation and the edge of the SIP. Proceed to the assembly of the floor base.

The corner panel is laid first. Then the next product is added to it.

SIP splicing is carried out in a row to the required length. Treat the grooves of the sandwich panels (its excess can be easily removed and washed from the surface). Then put up the beam. It should be pressed well and kept under pressure for 5-10 seconds. After that, fix the beam with 3.5x40 mm screws (use hardware designed for woodworking) or zinc-coated self-tapping screws. The distance between the fasteners is up to 15 cm. Install the second panel from the side of the beam, then the third and all subsequent ones.

After arranging the floor, start building walls. Install the bed (guide board 5x20 cm) horizontally on the floor base, fix it with self-tapping screws. According to the project, which determines the location of the SIP, you proceed with the installation of sandwich products, starting from the corners. The panels are fastened to each other with self-tapping screws 1.2x22 cm, the grooves and lower ends of the products are filled with mounting foam. A board is additionally inserted between the mounted and previously mounted SIP (its cross section is 5x20 cm) and fixed with the same self-tapping screws.

Next, install the crown beam on the top of the panels, attach to it with brackets, corners or by cutting the ceiling and mount the roof. If the construction is carried out on its own, it is better to install SIP on a simple and reliable architectural element of the building. Visually, the entire sequence of actions for building a dwelling from sandwich panels is presented in the video.

Prefabricated houses and other structures made of special sandwich panels have gained popularity in the current construction. Block buildings have proven themselves to be the best in the construction of residential premises and in the construction of shopping and sports centers, markets, hangars, warehouses, etc. Buildings made of such material are economical and have a number of other advantages. There is an opinion that this material will become massive in modern and future construction.

The best reviews of sandwich panel houses come from users

Perfectly proved themselves in the construction of sandwich panels. This one is from several layers (3-4). Rigid sheets made of different materials (galvanized metal sheet, PVC, OSB or fiberboard sheets, magnesite tiles) are installed on both sides. One or more layers of filler are laid between the layers. All component parts are glued together with polyurethane adhesive, consisting of several components.

Cold or hot pressing of all components provides finished blocks of sandwich panels. Both outer and inner balls of such products are made of various materials. Moreover, the construction industry is constantly improving, using all new materials as components, and sometimes a combination of different fillers.

When completing building sandwiches, they most often use:

mineral wool;
polyurethane foam;
polystyrene foam;
fiberglass;
polyisocyanurate foam.

Excellent reviews about houses made of sandwich panels exist among builders and owners of such buildings.

Positive feedback on prefabricated houses

Often, in the vicinity of large cities, literally in a few months, cottage settlements built in a block way grow up. Such buildings have positive reviews of prefabricated houses among developers and consumers. This type of construction is suitable for the investor due to the cost-effectiveness and speed of construction. Residents are satisfied with the properties:

excellent thermal protection;
incombustibility;
aesthetics;
ergonomics;
good sound insulation, etc.

Benefits of building from prefabricated blocks

The biggest advantage of building structures from block systems is the speed of erection. Residential buildings are being built at a certain capacity. Large shopping centers, bus stations, airports have a fundamental basis. All reviews of sandwich panel houses are positive. Small and temporary structures of warehouses, hangars, construction change houses can be installed without a foundation. In a few days, such a structure can be dismantled and moved to another place. Such movement is also an advantage of block construction.

Compared to capital construction from and similar materials, sandwich panel buildings are very economical and easy to use, easy to transport and install. They provide excellent thermal insulation and sound protection. Many units contain non-flammable or only fusible fillers, which will prevent fire and serve as a permit from the fire services to put the facility into operation. Therefore, there are excellent reviews about prefabricated houses from consumers.

Variety of sandwich panels

The most common in housing construction are. They include OSB chipboards on both sides, and between them - polystyrene foam insulation. Such a composition of components for housing construction has the best reviews of prefabricated houses. In commercial construction, sandwich blocks are most often used, having a base made of galvanized sheet on both sides. For such blocks, a profiled or ordinary metal sheet from 0.55 mm to 1 mm thick is used. Insulation in this case is most often mineral wool or other fillers. The main thing is that reviews of houses from sandwich panels have no complaints.

Plasterboard sandwich panels

Recently, sandwich panels have become popular, the surfaces of which consist of gypsum boards. Rigid polyurethane foam or others are used as a filler. Partitions are installed from such blocks in residential buildings and other premises. Such material can separate the workplace of the storekeeper from the space of the entire warehouse. Many stores that rent out certain square meters separate the space with the help of such drywall partitions.

Cons of building a residential building using new technology

Summing up, I would like to note that, as in any field, this technology has its drawbacks:

Difficulties in finishing. Not every finish is applicable for this type of construction. Concreting, plastering and gating will have to be excluded. It is recommended to lay electrical wiring on top and sheathe the walls with drywall, install suspended or stretch ceilings.
You need to carefully select a reliable panel manufacturer, otherwise you risk ending up in a new, but cold or damp house.
It is necessary to strictly observe the construction technology. Most often, prefabricated houses suggest, the assembly of which has its own characteristics.
The subsequent sale of a residential building made of sandwich panels can also cause difficulties due to the lack of awareness of citizens and the experience of living.

Currently, among the urban population there are more and more people who want to exchange their dull apartment in the center of the metropolis for a house in a quiet village. Projects of houses from sandwich panels are an ideal solution for cases where residents do not have financial means for the exterior cladding and insulation of their new home.

Many construction companies face unpleasant situations when the customer cannot pay for a certain part of the work. This raises the question of the possibility of saving on individual components of the house, which, of course, will lead to a deterioration in the performance of the building. The modern building materials market has the necessary sealing and cladding materials that will help not only save a significant part of the family budget, but also give the house first-class insulation qualities.

Sandwich panel house project with carport

Sandwich panels have a lot of advantages over other heaters. This material is a structural panel consisting of several layers. Due to the simple shape of the panels, they can be installed on any surface without fear of damage to the frame of the house. Wall panels covered with classic sandwiches are highly resistant to frequent precipitation, strong winds, critical temperatures and other adverse effects of capricious weather.

Sandwich panel coating protects the main structure of the house from fungal attacks and other destructive factors, which is very convenient when using houses made of glued laminated timber and other types of wood.

The room creates a separate microclimate with a normal level of humidity and a favorable temperature.

Sandwich panel house project

In most cases, they are used in the construction of cottage settlements, urban settlements, small hotels, private houses and recreation centers.

The main advantage of construction is the possibility of carrying out work at any time of the year, the quite acceptable cost of the main building material, as well as its full compliance with all necessary technical parameters. Houses built from sandwich panels have a pleasant appearance and high environmental safety. In addition, it is impossible not to note the ease and speed of construction, installation of the structure, as well as the possibility of building a foundation in almost any climatic conditions.

Arrangement of the roof and assembly of the structure of the house takes only a few working days, which allows you to start interior and exterior decoration of the building as soon as possible. After the final finishing, the house can be settled.

In this video, you can learn more about all the advantages of prefabricated houses and cottages from sandwich panels.

Production of sandwich panels

Classic sandwiches are made of glass wool or other insulating materials, which are compressed by special insulating panels. At all stages of production, this material is treated with special substances that give the product high resistance to any external influences.

Sandwich panels

Sandwich panels have first-class sound and thermal insulation properties.

Technology

The basis of the technology of using sandwich panels is the use of three important materials:

expanded polystyrene foam;
flat-pressed boards containing wood chips;
dry calibrated antiseptic wooden frame.

Wall sandwich panels

During the production of the material, a special coating is applied to the outer surface of the panel sheathing, which provides reliable protection against corrosion, acid environments, ultraviolet radiation and mechanical damage (for example, abrasion).

After completion of the construction of the structure, if necessary, it is possible to carry out plasterboard finishing from the inside. It is attached with guides, which allows the walls to look perfectly smooth. When finishing the outside, any material can be used: plaster, lining, siding, block house, facing brick, etc.

Typical wall sandwich panels

Wall panel structure:

sheet made of galvanized steel with finishing and coating;
special synthetic glue;
a layer of mineral wool;
labyrinth lock connection.

Structure of wall sandwich panels

Roof sandwich panels

Roofing sandwich panels are indispensable for the arrangement of roofs of houses that are built using frame-panel technology. Roofs of roofs, equipped with this type of technology, have a high level of reliability, a wonderful appearance, and excellent indicators of heat and sound insulation. The structure of the roof panels is similar to the wall view.

The main difference between roofing panels and wall panels is the presence of a high rib and a special locking connection, due to which the penetration of moisture into the room is prevented. To protect the roof panels from deformation and aggressive effects of various weather conditions, a special coating of the outer surface of the skin allows. Roof coverings

The most common sandwich panel roofing today are metal tiles, bituminous tiles and bituminous corrugated sheets. Less popular, but just as popular are roofs, in the manufacture of which cement-sand or ceramic tiles were used, as well as various alloys or non-ferrous metals. In some cases, you can find a roof created using natural materials (straw, shingles, slate).

An example of arranging the roof of a house from sandwich panels

Economy class roof types

metal tile;
Slate (asbestos fiber sheet);
Bituminous tile (Flexible tile, Katepal, Shinglas);
Cement-sand or ceramic tiles;

Premium roof types

Roofs made of alloys and non-ferrous metals (zinc-titanium, copper, roofs with aluzinc);
Cement-sand or ceramic tiles.

On this video you can see how the construction of houses from sandwich panels is going on, and what your future country cottage will consist of. You can also evaluate ready-made projects of country private houses from sandwich panels.

In today's turbulent world, where time has acquired an unprecedented value due to the fact that it is constantly in short supply, and you want to get results immediately and immediately, even in building technologies and materials, speed of execution, low cost and minimal operating costs have come to be valued. That is why those seeking to quickly move to their own separate housing increasingly prefer to build houses from sandwich panels. Such houses are built literally in a matter of days at any time of the year, quickly warm up and keep heat well, which reduces heating costs, have good sound insulation, and most importantly, their construction is very cheap. Let's figure out what a sandwich panel is, is it worth building such a house and how to do it yourself. Babushkinsky district of Moscow is a great place to live.

Construction of houses from sandwich panels: advantages and disadvantages

Recently, advertising of houses from sandwich panels has not stopped for a minute. From each iron we are assured that these are the strongest houses in the world, everything around is collapsing, and the panel buildings remain intact, that they are the warmest and most economical, do not deform or sag, and in general - it is simply impossible to find anything better. But the most absurd thing is something else: you can often find ads like this: “We are building houses from sandwich panels. ECO housing for ridiculous money”, etc. So - a house made of SIP panels is by no means environmentally friendly and harmless to health. The only reason why such a house can be called ECO is that by living in it, you can save on heating, which means saving natural resources. Those. ECO from the word "savings". Let's see, nevertheless, what are the advantages of the technology of building houses from sandwich panels and what are the disadvantages.

Benefits of houses made of sandwich panels:

Very fast build. The box at home is easily mounted within a week or two.

Can be built at any time of the year. There are no limits on building temperature.
thin walls, due to which the usable area inside the building increases.
Excellent thermal insulation. They warm up quickly and perfectly retain heat, since the lion's share of the thickness of the walls is made up of insulation.
Do not shrink or deform. You can start interior and exterior decoration immediately after the construction of the building, and then immediately call in and live.
The material of the sandwich panels perfectly soundproofs.
The walls are strictly vertical and even. It is very easy to install the panels in a vertical position.
You can save on heating.
No reinforced foundation required.
durable. Withstand hurricanes.
Sandwich panels are easy to transport and assemble as a constructor.
cheap. The price for a house made of sandwich panels is the lowest - and this is the most significant plus of this technology.

As you can see, the list is rather long, but there are also limitations:

fragility. The service life of sandwich panels is not as durable as wood, brick or concrete. The maximum is 25 - 30 years. Although the stated period is 50 years, let's face it and take into account our climatic conditions.
The strength of such a house is very relative. Maybe he can withstand hurricanes, but cutting a hole in the wall with an ax will not be difficult and does not take much time.
Absolute non-environmental. Sheathing sandwich panels made of OSB (Oriented Strand Board), which uses a resin binder and other additives. And the inner filling is a heater, for example, polystyrene foam is an absolutely synthetic product. Like it or not, but all this during operation emits not the most “pleasant” substances. On the other hand, there are people who build houses from fixed formwork from the same polystyrene foam or simply insulate their houses with foam plastic, so this is everyone's choice. I like to live in a thermos, no one can forbid it.
Absolute tightness. To create normal living conditions, the arrangement of forced supply and exhaust ventilation is required. Otherwise, the movement and renewal of air simply will not occur. And these are additional costs that offset the cheapness of construction.

Sandwich panels are on fire. All statements that the material has a flammability class G1, we will leave on the conscience of the manufacturers. Not only do they burn, but in addition, during combustion, polystyrene foam turns into a liquid state and simply drips or pours “rain from fiery lava” from above. We will keep silent about the fact that in the process of burning OSB boards and polystyrene foam any poisonous muck is released.
Require a special type of heating system - air. You can, of course, install the usual one for us - radiators under the window, but it will not be practical due to the complete tightness of the structure.
Due to improper operation and lack of proper ventilation in the panels mold, fungus can form.
When selling such a house, it cost will be much lower than brick.

Now the choice is for everyone, to build or not to build. Of course, the low cost of a house made of sandwich panels is a significant argument, which is why such houses are often built in dachas for temporary residence. If you decide that you need just such a house, let's understand further.

Meet SIP panels (sandwich panels)

SIP(Structural insulated panel) or sandwich panels are a three-layer material.

As outer layers durable sheet material is used: OSB (oriented strand board), magnesite board, fiberboard (hardboard), wooden boards. The thickness of the plates is 9 mm or 12 mm. Most often, in SIP panels for the construction of houses, OSB-3 (OSB-3) slabs with a thickness of 12 mm are used, intended for use in load-bearing structures at high humidity.

core sandwich panel is insulation: expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam or mineral wool. The thickness of the material varies according to the needs of the customer and can be from 50 mm to 250 mm. Most often, expanded polystyrene PSB-25 or PSB-S-25 with a density of 25 kg / m³ is used.

The outer layers are bonded to the core under high pressure. The result is a new durable composite material.

In the CIS, SIP panels of various sizes are used:

12+100+12=124 mm;

12+150+12=174 mm;

12+200+12=224 mm.

OSB (OSB)

OSB (Oriented Strand Board) or OSB is made from wood chips with a diameter of no more than 0.6 mm and a length of no more than 140 mm. The chips are laid in three layers perpendicular to each other, a waterproof adhesive resin is added and the material is pressed under high pressure and temperature. The result is a material with increased flexural strength and increased elasticity. The surface of the OSB boards is waterproof, and the boards themselves are easily sawn with any wood tool. A distinctive feature of OSB boards from other similar materials is that the ability to hold fasteners is provided not by resin, but by the way the chips are laid.

Styrofoam

Expanded polystyrene is 98% composed of carbon dioxide, thanks to which it has its own thermal insulation qualities. It burns, melts from an open flame and releases compounds in the process. Mice love to settle in polystyrene foam, gnawing nests in it. In SIP panels, expanded polystyrene is closed on both sides with OSB boards, which ensures (albeit partial) fire safety of the structure. It is used in SIP panels due to its low cost and lightness.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool with a density of 100 - 120 kg/m³ can also be used in SIP panels. It does not support combustion, does not burn itself and does not spread fire. During heating, it can release unpleasant binder odors, but is nevertheless much more environmentally friendly than Styrofoam. It is rarely used in SIP panels due to its high weight (the panel will weigh 2 times more than with PSB) and high cost. The use of mineral wool as a core increases the cost of a house made of sandwich panels by 1.5 - 2 times.

Projects of houses from sandwich panels

Having decided to build a house from sandwich panels, you first need to create a project for the house. The panel construction technology gives a large field for choosing a finished project and allows you to adapt other projects.

SIP panels are produced in standard sizes 2500x1250 mm and 2800x1250 mm. This determines the typical height of the first and second floors of the house. Although you can build walls of any height, but then you have to finish the panels, which is not very beautiful and reliable.

The thickness of the panels 124 mm, 174 mm, 224 mm determines the area of the internal space. For internal partitions, panels with a thickness of 124 mm are used.

Without the help of a construction organization in this matter, it is still impossible to do. Making sandwich panels on your own negates all the savings and low cost of such a house, since this is not an easy and time-consuming task.

By contacting a design bureau or a construction company, you need to develop a project for your home. Then, on the basis of this project, SIP panels of the required size and parameters are manufactured. It is also possible to buy strictly standard panels and then customize them for the project, but it is laborious and time consuming. When the order for the production of panels is completed, they are delivered to the construction site by a truck and the assembly of the house begins.

Foundation for a house from SIP panels

A prefabricated sandwich panel house is a lightweight structure that does not require a heavy buried foundation. The most commonly used tape shallow foundations or slab, pile-grillage, tape-columnar.

Consider the option of a shallow strip foundation:

We carry out the marking of the site and excavation to a depth of 50 - 60 cm with a width of 40 cm.
We compact the soil, fill in a layer of sand 10 cm and carefully tamp, then a layer of crushed stone 10 cm and also tamp.
Then we install a wooden formwork for the foundation to a height of up to 50 cm above the ground. We make holes in it for air in advance.
We tie the reinforcing cage and lower it into the trench.

We prepare a concrete solution or order a mixer and pour the foundation. Remove air bubbles with a vibrator.

Let the foundation dry completely for 28 days, then remove the formwork. We waterproof the surface of the foundation, laying roofing material in 2 - 3 layers or hydrostekloizol, coat it with bituminous mastic on top. It is better to do this shortly before the start of the construction of the walls, so that the waterproofing layer is not exposed to the open air for a long time.

Laying a strapping (crown) timber

We take a beam with a section of 250x150 mm and lay it in the middle of the foundation. We carefully measure the horizontal position of its location.

We connect the beam in the corners with the help of a cut “in half a tree” or “in a paw”. Then we fix the connection with a wooden dowel. To do this, we drill a hole in the bars with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 100 - 150 mm. We drive in a dowel with a length slightly less than the hole. We finish it with a mallet.

We fix the beam to the foundation with the help of anchors. There are two anchors in the corners and at a distance of 1.5 - 2 m from each other. The length of the anchor should be 350 mm, diameter 10 - 12 mm. We embed the heads of the anchor bolts into the strapping beam.

Arrangement of the floor and ceilings in the house from SIP panels

A feature of construction using Canadian technology is that it is possible to build a house from sandwich panels completely, including the floor, the floors, the attic floor, and even the roof.

But our domestic construction companies still recommend equipping such houses with an ordinary wooden floor on logs, laying insulation between the logs. So it will turn out more reliable and durable, such a floor is easier to repair and disassemble in case of unforeseen situations or breakdowns.

Consider the option of arranging the floor from SIP panels:

We prepare the bars, which will act as floor lags and spike beams, which must be inserted between the panels. The length of the beam should be such that it easily fits on the foundation and into the groove in the strapping beam. The cross section of such beams depends on the thickness of the sandwich panels: 150x50 mm if the panel is 174 mm thick, 200x50 mm if the panel is 224 mm.
We lay out the panels for the floor of the house. We cut them to the required size with a regular saw. If you need to remove the insulation, then we use a home-made thermal cutter (some companies offer it along with panels).

Important! The gap between the edge of the OSB board and the surface of the insulation inside the panel should be 20 - 25 mm. This is enough to tightly connect the panels with a beam 50 mm thick.

We start the assembly with the corner panel, splicing them along the length in a row. We foam the groove of the panels with mounting foam and insert the beam inside. Press firmly and hold for a few seconds. We fix with galvanized self-tapping screws with a pitch of 150 mm or wood screws 3.5x40 mm.
Then, from the side of the beam, we fasten the second panel. To do this, we also foam the groove in it. We put the panel on the beam and press it.
Repeating all these steps, we assemble the entire floor.
Then it is necessary to fill all the grooves remaining around the perimeter with boards 25 mm thick. The procedure is not too different: the groove must be filled with foam, then the board must be inserted, pressed and fixed with self-tapping screws.
The resulting structure with the help of a lever mechanism or heavy equipment must be laid in place for the floor. The protruding parts of the beams / log must be fixed to the foundation with anchors using steel angles. Insert the logs themselves into the places of the cut in the strapping beam.

Important! Sometimes they do it differently. The connecting beams do not have protruding parts, they are the same dimensions as the dimensions of the future floor. After the construction of sandwich panels is assembled, into the grooves of which the beams are inserted, the panels are also connected along the perimeter with a solid strapping board 40x200 mm. Then this design is installed on the beam of the lower trim and fixed with anchors.

Construction of walls from SIP panels

The next stage in the construction of a house from sandwich panels is the laying of a guide board, it is also called "lying". The dimensions of this board are completely dependent on the thickness of the sandwich panel. Let's assume for simplicity that our sandwich panel is 224 mm thick. Then we need a board 50x200 mm.

We lay the board on top of the strapping beam or floor (depending on the method of floor installation), align the strict horizontal and fix it with self-tapping screws 5x70 mm in increments of 350 - 400 mm. In this case, it is necessary to retreat from the outer edge of 10 - 12 mm.
Having carefully studied the layout of the wall panels, we begin the installation from the corner.

Important! When constructing walls from sandwich panels, it is extremely important to install the first corner panels evenly. All other panels will only repeat the spatial arrangement of these two, and it will be impossible to make a mistake and put them non-vertically.

We put two panels vertically in a corner. We pre-foam the bottom groove of the panel and put it on the bed. Align strictly horizontally and vertically. We fasten the panels to the bed with self-tapping screws 3.2x35 mm in increments of 150 mm.
We connect the panels together. To do this, you can insert a square-section board between them, or you can fasten them together at once, we foam the grooves, press them tightly and fasten them with self-tapping screws 12x220 mm in increments of 500 mm.

All other panels are mounted in the same way. The groove of the installed panel is filled with mounting foam, the bottom of the installed panel is also filled, the latter is put on the bed. A timber / board with a section of 50x200 mm is inserted between the installed and installed panels. The connection is tightly pressed and fixed: from below to the bed with self-tapping screws 3.2x35 mm, from the side between themselves with self-tapping screws 12x220 mm.

After the walls are completely mounted, the upper groove of the panels is also filled with foam, then the upper strapping board / timber 150x200 mm is inserted into it. The beam is fixed to the panels with self-tapping screws 4.2x75 mm, both panels are fixed to the beam on both sides with self-tapping screws 3.5x40 mm.

Openings for windows and doors can be cut in already installed walls or in advance, which is somewhat more difficult to accurately calculate, except when sandwich panels are ordered strictly according to the design at the factory.

Floor beams are attached to the beam of the upper trim in the standard way. There are several such fasteners: by cutting, using corners or brackets. You can choose any.

Important! As already mentioned above, the floors of the second or attic floor can also be completely made using sandwich panels, just like the floor. But this method is not strong enough and more laborious.

Arrangement of the roof in the house from SIP panels

A roof for a house made of sandwich panels can be made as a regular rafter, where the rafters rest on a mauerlat or on grooves cut in the stud beams of the attic floor. Then the crate is stuffed on the rafters and the roofing material is laid. If the attic is cold, it does not make sense to insulate it. If an attic is planned, then a heater is laid between the rafters and closed from the inside with a vapor barrier film. From the side of the roof, a waterproofing superdiffusion membrane is stuffed onto the insulation.

But there are other ways as well. On the photo showing houses made of sandwich panels, it can be seen that the roof is completely made of sandwich panels. In this case, the installation of the roof is carried out, starting from one edge, with a gradual build-up along the ridge. First, the first rafters are installed, which are fixed with self-tapping screws to the Mauerlat. Then sandwich panels are attached to them, just like in the walls.

Then the next rafter is installed, which is inserted into the groove of the previous panels, etc. This method is more time-consuming than the installation of a conventional roof with insulation.

In general, assembling a house from sandwich panels is not a very difficult task. Two or three people will cope with it in two weeks if the weather is favorable. In rainy weather, it is better not to work with panels, as the edges of fresh cuts are unprotected and susceptible to moisture. It is most convenient to mount windows in standard sizes, so that later you do not have to order individually.

Houses from sandwich panels: video - lesson

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