What is an auger? Methods of auger drilling - regular and flow.

Auger drilling is the oldest method of drilling wells, and despite the fact that many years have passed, it has not changed much and has come down to our time with only very small changes. Its only drawback is that it has a limit on the maximum depth that can only be achieved using . However, it is still the most well-known well creation method.

Thanks to him, you can do everything drilling work within a short period of time, without additional financial costs. Auger drilling used, most often, for wells with a depth of up to twenty meters with screws of small diameters up to 1500 mm. Deeper wells need to be drilled on other equipment.

Auger drilling it is necessary when it is necessary to install signs on the roads, poles and supports, when it is necessary to take the soil for research, to create piles, when it is necessary to transplant a tree, screw the screw piles. Thus, we can safely say that this method is universal for very many types of drilling and thanks to this, it is possible to perform the above work in a fairly short time and without much hassle, subject of course to all the rules and safety standards.

As a rule, such drilling carried out in soils of categories III-X according to . In soils of categories III-IV, it is already more difficult to drill, and therefore, the operator of the machine and other personnel are required to experience working with this type of soil, since it is more dense and heavy. Such categories of soils should be familiarized with before drill to keep the working equipment intact.

Methods of auger drilling - regular and flow.

At route drilling is used, which is built up with special rod extensions so that it reaches the required depth. It is drilled to the depth of the turns, and then it is taken out of the well when the turn part is filled with rock. Then it is folded near the well and screw plunges back into the well. The pace of work will largely depend on how long the screw part is.

However, care must be taken here so that the load does not become prohibitive, and the machine does not fail and it is not necessary to stop all work and repair equipment. The manager of the machine must be in time to determine the increase in the load on screw and stop in time so as not to break it.

At inline drilling method breed comes out all the time. This method is more efficient, since there is no need to select all the time screw with the breed, because it moves itself. Thus, you can achieve greater speed in completing the tasks facing you and reduce your time costs.

Choice drilling method will depend on what tasks you set for yourself. In-line method very beneficial when you need to achieve a clear diameter, verticality and evenness of the well, this is especially important when driving piles. In this case, the main role is played by screw.

It is made of a rod on which spiral coils are fixed. We can say that it is a conveyor along which various materials move. It is equipped with a cutter at the bottom, which crushes the rock. Now on sale is, so you can choose the one that you need for drilling.

The material is transported along with the drilling of the well itself. At drilling, the pressure begins to be transferred to the rock itself, and the teeth begin to crush and grind it. In the event that the rock is soft enough, which corresponds to V - X categories of rock strength on the Protodyakonov scale, the teeth cut the soil gradually and pass it along auger to the wellhead. If the rock is very strong, then rock teeth are used, they, in turn, crush the rock and feed it along the flanges from the bottom of the well to its mouth.

Increasing temperature in turn screw transfers to the ground. It should be ensured that the volume of rock destroyed by the cutting head is not small, as the pace of work will sharply decrease, and the rock will not pass well through the well. Augers should be made in such a way that screw conveyor performance was not lower than the performance of the cutting part auger. The rise of the rock along the screw conveyor will occur only when the angle of the helix line is less than the friction values ​​of the rock on the surface of the flange.

Created by Russian scientist M. Protodyakonov. Mikhail Mikhailovich Protodyakonov (1874-1930) was a great Russian and later Soviet scientist in the field of mining. The rock hardness coefficient scale was the first real method that assessed rocks in terms of drillability, explosiveness and cutability. This scale is just one of the many global works of Professor Mikhail Mikhailovich in the mining field. Despite the fact that a lot of time has passed, this scale is still used for drilling operations, and it has repeatedly shown the accuracy of measurements.

This is a special nozzle with which a range of earthworks is performed: various wells, holes for trees, even holes for installing poles are dug. Ice fishing enthusiasts use the auger to drill holes in ice fishing. During drilling, the auger destroys the rock, and then extracts it to the surface.

The auger design is based on a steel pipe, along the diameter of which a steel flange (coils) is reinforced. Cutting knives welded around the perimeter of the flange need periodic sharpening, depending on the intensity of operation and soil characteristics.

The carrier pipe may consist of several components. In the case of a long screw, this helps to avoid bending of the entire structure, and also simplifies transportation. Manufacturers pay great attention to the strength of the base pipe, since it is she who experiences overloads from soil resistance during operation. There are several types of augers, differing in their purpose and device.

Number of spirals

Two-way augers have two spirals. Such a device provides the greatest efficiency when drilling, especially in the case of hard ground, which offers resistance.

Single-thread augers have one helix welded along the diameter of the base pipe. This is the cheapest option presented, this design is considered obsolete. However, the single pass model can be used for drilling in soft soils.

Types of augers, depending on the soil, include:

• standard - used for drilling ordinary, soft soil;
• rocky - able to drill a hole in solid rock;
• for permafrost - used for drilling frozen ground.

Other characteristics of augers

Landing connector - selected depending on the diameter of the motor shaft to which the auger is connected. In case of a mismatch, it simply will not work to connect the nozzle.

The diameter of the finished well - usually ranges from 130 to 300 mm or more. You should carefully calculate the required diameter of the well, and select the appropriate auger.

Auger length - has a direct impact on the depth of drilling and the finished well. The length, as a rule, is from 500 mm to 2 meters, some professional models have more. Sometimes special extension nozzles are used if the length of the auger itself is not enough.

If you want to drill a well with your own hands, you need to be able to prepare everything you need for this, and the work will be quite simple. There are many ways, which then will perfectly cope with the task, and it can be in the form of a primitive hand drill for shallow penetrations, or it can take the form of a full-fledged conveyor.

Preparatory stage

Regardless of what kind of auger you have to make, the handle should be as comfortable and durable as possible, because. She will take the load. Immediately it is worth considering 2 options for working for 1 and 2 people.

To begin with, pipe segments with a diameter of 40 mm with a wall thickness of 3.5-4 mm are prepared. The length depends on how much a person will work, and at the same time on the individual characteristics of the proportions of the body, because. for a person 2 m tall, blades of greater length can be used, respectively, and the work will go more quickly.

For an average person, a handle of 80-85 cm is used, while for working in pairs, you can safely make blades of 100-130 cm in each direction (convenient when drilling to great depths). Another 1 cut is made stable 40-50 cm, and this cut will be used as the main working trunk.

Figure 1. Schemes of cone bits.

For their mutual fixation, the grinder makes an arc cut in the main trunk so that the pipe can be immersed in it by 1/3, after which it can be carefully welded. If there is a desire to increase strength indicators, then a profile pipe can be inserted inside the handles and welded with sheet steel. Such a move will allow you to seriously increase the load without fear of damaging the tool.

The handles can be left in the form of a tube, but it is better to make rubberized pads on them that will not allow the hands to slip, and at the same time reduce the likelihood of blisters. There is no need to set any stops, but with the help of an angle grinder it is advisable to grind the ends of the pipe so as not to injure your hands during operation.

At the end, a bolt is inserted into the pipe and welded tightly so that only the thread is lowered down. It is advisable to choose a bolt from the most durable grades of steel, so that later you do not have complications.

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Auger manufacturing

A simple method will allow you to make an extremely simple system with 2 blades that cut perfectly into the ground, but you can only work with them at shallow depths (up to 10 m), because. each time you have to get the working tool completely in order to extend it.

To begin with, a pipe is selected similar to that used above. The length of the pipe is 100-140 cm, depending on the height of the person who has to work. An elongated nut is welded into the upper part of the pipe, fully corresponding to the bolt. If you cannot find an oblong one, then you can use 2 standard ones, but no less, so that the bolt is held securely.

Figure 2. Drawing of the screw ring.

A sleeve or a thick reinforcing rod is welded into the lower part, which will serve as an adapter to the drill. The chisel itself can be purchased at a specialized store, but a primitive version can also be made. For a primitive version, it is enough to take a steel strip 3 mm thick and 30 cm long, twist it into a spiral for 3 turns, and then ignite it (cooling in boiling oil or lead). Such a spiral is fixed in the sleeve, after which it is sharpened in the most thorough way.

At this stage, you will need 2 discs from the grinder, the first one being 150 mm with a perfectly even edge, and the second being 180 mm serrated (for wood). These 2 discs are sawn exactly in half and the center section widens to match the work tube. The discs will be located on the working tube in turn, i.e. first 150 mm, and 10 cm above 180 mm. They are positioned at 35° to the ground for maximum efficiency with minimum effort. When fixing, there is a possibility that you will have to edit the central part of the grinder.

Tubular elements for extension are made quite simply:

1. A pipe of the same diameter and length of 100-140 cm is taken.
2. A bolt is inserted from below and welded, and an oblong nut is inserted from above and also tightly welded.

Thus, you can make very long strokes, but it is better to limit yourself to 10 nozzles, because. each time it is problematic to extract them due to the high mass.

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More difficult option

Schemes of garden drills: a - drill, b - auger drill.

Here you will have to work for manufacturing much longer and harder, because. the screw conveyor will go from the bit all the way to the top.

The chisel can be used according to the technology described earlier, but it is better to purchase it in a store (Fig. 1). In any case, regular maintenance will be required, and the difference depends solely on the skill of the worker, because. you can do it yourself with your own hands no worse than an analogue.

After the chisel was mounted on the working pipe, it is necessary to start forming a spiral (Fig. 2). It is most convenient to use the already familiar toothless discs for a grinder for its manufacture, but as a base one you will have to use a gear of a smaller diameter, which will instantly take the root problem to the 2nd plan.

Instead of grinder disks, you can take and bend 2 mm sheet steel, which will be much more economical, but more labor-intensive, because. you still have to shape the perfect circle and sharpen. In any case, the work to be done is astronomical, and such a procedure is done for each subsequent screw.

In a country house, in the absence of a centralized water supply, an autonomous one is equipped - a well or a well, and for drilling a well, in order to save the budget, they do not rent a drilling rig, but drill with a home-made auger, which reduces the cost of the process, although it makes the process a little more stretched in time. You can make an auger with your own hands in one day: it is enough to have some tools and materials for this, which will be discussed, as well as the manufacture of an auger with your own hands is described in detail.

Screw manufacturing procedure

You will need materials and tools:

1. Thick-walled iron pipe Ø 40 mm and profile pipe;
2. A grinder with a disc for metal, an electric drill and welding;
3. Steel sheet ≈ 2 mm thick;
4. Tape measure, pencil, cardboard for making a template, paint;
5. Chisel, rasp, whetstone and hardware (bolts with nuts);

First you need to make the actual belt conveyor, which is offered in two versions:

1. For self-production, an auger loader with dry unloading of soil is more suitable, that is, the soil is not wetted with water, but is taken out to the surface in the same state as it was at depth. This method involves rapid wear of parts and is designed for drilling shallow wells, or harvesting several screws for replacement during drilling;
2. Excavation with water flushing is much faster, but the mechanism needs to be improved in the chisel area. Wear of parts is reduced by reducing friction and water cooling of the mechanism. Below we will consider just such an option that can be used without water not only as a drilling tool, but also, for example, as a grain loader.

Before you make an auger with your own hands, prepare the material. A 120-cm piece of pipe is taken as the body, the ends of which are evenly cut with a grinder. Next, you need to cut a square with sides of 200 x 200 mm from sheet steel, drill Ø 40 mm in the center of the square and make a slot with a grinder from the center in any direction to the edge. This will be one turn of the conveyor spiral, which will need to be made several. To make it round, the square is cut by welding or a grinder to the shape of a circle with Ø180 mm, the spiral is bent so that the pitch between the turns of the spiral is within 80-100 mm.

You should get a circle, the beginning and end of which do not coincide in the plane. This part will serve as a template: you will need to attach it to a sheet of steel, draw a contour with a pencil and cut out the next circle. It is better to paint these blanks to protect against corrosion immediately, and after assembling the structure, paint them again.

With a pitch between the spirals of 100 mm, 12 spirals (feathers) must be cut for each segment of the auger. On the axis of the screw, the rings are fixed by welding, among themselves - too. After welding, the seams are beaten with a hammer and cleaned of scale with a rasp.

A profile pipe is needed for the manufacture of the auger mounting system. The pipe is left open at the top so that water can flow into it. For the production of an auger for grain, water is simply not poured. The profile pipe is inserted 2/3 into the round one and welded, and the gaps between the pipes are closed with pieces of sheet steel. In a square pipe, 2 cm recede from the top and a through hole Ø 10 mm is drilled.

The manufacture of the receiver, which is located on the reverse side of the screw, consists in welding four steel segments that follow the contours of the profile pipe. Stepping back 2 cm from the lower end, they also drill a through hole Ø 10 mm, through which the whole structure is fixed with the help of a bolted connection. It is better not to use a threaded connection so that the structure does not come apart during the reverse rotation of the auger.

Next, a chisel for the auger is made, which will be attached for welding and located in a separate lift. It is easier to buy a chisel ready-made than to make it yourself, since it requires hard metal alloys, which are very difficult to process at home. In addition to carbide tips, you can use diamond. The chisel is a replaceable tool, and is attached to the auger with a pin or threaded connection. Most often, industrial bits are two- and three-bladed, reinforced with six- or eight-sided hard alloy cutters. A homemade chisel is welded to the auger (see the figure below):

At the end of the work, the auger blades are sharpened for easier cutting of the soil - this can be done on a grindstone or file. When using the auger for transshipment of grain crops, sharpening is not required.

The finished auger is painted with anti-corrosion paint with preliminary priming of steel surfaces. During operation, most of the paint will be erased, but it does not need to be restored - it will be erased in those places that are constantly in contact with the ground, so rust will not appear there.

Practice has shown that it will take no more than 5 hours to make one screw if you do not have the skills to work with iron. But quality is important here, not speed of production, so it's better not to rush.

The screw is a rod on which there is a solid helical edge passing along the longitudinal axis.

The screw is the working part of the mechanism, which is designed to advance the material and move it along the helical surface, which rotates inside the pipe, as if reminding us of a screw conveyor.

The prototype of which was a machine called the Archimedes screw and was invented even before our era.

Screws are used in drills to remove chips.

They are used when mixing or supplying liquid and bulk components.

The rotation speed of the augers ranges from 50 to 150 rpm. It depends on the properties of the components used.

Sometimes, augers are used in ground vehicles instead of wheels. Such machines are called augers. After, all-terrain vehicles ShN-1 were invented, in which instead of wheels, two augers were located longitudinally.

Screws have found application in small arms. In small arms there is a screw magazine, which is made of a long cylinder, inside it there are spiral guides designed for cartridges. They ensure the direction of the cartridge to the exit window. In the auger magazine, the cartridges are arranged parallel to the axis, running in a spiral. Bullets are inserted into the magazine from the front, and are fed by a cocked spring.

The auger is used in meat grinders, where it represents the main working part.

It is a tool for drilling various wells.

For auger drilling, special augers are used, which make up a column of continuous spiral structures. They start from the crown in the face and end at the surface. Depending on what kind of drilling will be carried out, three types of augers, which are considered the main ones, can be used.

These include the following types of screws:

ordinary, they include weighted, hollow, as well as store. Most often, conventional screws are used.

Augers are used in the ice harvester, where they form part of it. These machines serve for the preparation and subsequent pouring of winter skating rinks.

In the manufacture of screws, its configuration, material, size and its purpose are taken into account.

The production of screws takes place:

casting method; it can be under pressure or into the ground.

Casting followed by turning;

Hot forming method followed by turning;

The method is cold bending.

The augers are subdivided depending on the zones.

They are single-zone, two-zone, three-zone.

Each of them has a nutrition zone - depth; length; transition zone; dosing zone; compression ratio.
Feed zone - depth, this is the first element in which the polymer enters the screw. In smooth-channel extruders, as a rule, it is considered the deepest zone of the screw. When working with small size augers, which are 2.5” diameter and may be smaller, it is necessary to pay attention to this particular part of your auger, to reduce the risk of twisting in half, due to the fact that excessive auger torque is created. Sometimes it is necessary to use small screws, which are made of stainless steel grade 17-4 Ph, or to use another high-strength material in the manufacture. This is necessary in order to greatly reduce the risk of failure.
Power zone - length. Its main function is the supply of solid material.
For this supply to occur, the coefficient of friction of a given polymer must be lower at the base of the screw and higher at the barrel walls. Some polymers themselves already have better coefficients than other polymers.
The transition zone, also called the compression zone, is the zone where the polymer melts. In this part of the working screw, its base gradually becomes thinner, thereby causing the material to tend to the walls of its barrel, where its subsequent melting occurs.
The dosing zone serves to complete the melting of a given polymer, and for pumping in order to overcome the head pressure.
The compression ratio, its correct name is interpreted as follows: "Volume compression ratio" and it is calculated according to a certain formula - VCR.
Double-zone augers are 2 identical single-auger devices, taken together and placed one after the other. They perform two different functions. Dual-zone screws are used to remove volatile components from the polymer.
There are cases when it is required to remove a large amount of volatile substances, then a second valve is installed for ventilation on the wall of this cylinder. In these cases, a three-zone auger is used.