What is 3 years. Hypermetropia at an early age
So the night colic and motion sickness on the arms ended, the child learned to walk on his own and deftly put a spoon in his mouth, you can already talk with him on various topics and more or less calmly sit in a cafe or take a ride on the bus. Yesterday's baby grew up, and it would seem that parents can take a breath. But then he comes - the crisis of 3 years.
Just yesterday, a kind and docile child suddenly turns into an eternally whining or screaming monster, who has one answer to everything - no! Constant tantrums, rolling on the floor, refusal to comply with the simplest requirements, attempts to do everything on their own, and then again screaming - it doesn’t work! This behavior drives parents crazy and raises only one question: what to do? The crisis of 3 years is a temporary and passing phenomenon. Having figured out how the crisis of 3 years manifests itself and what causes it, parents will be able to survive this period with the least loss to their psyche, and at the same time help the child overcome the crisis of 3 years. Negativism and stubbornness on the part of the child is not a desire to annoy the parents, but a lack of understanding of what is happening and how to behave at a new stage in life.
Crisis 3 years: symptoms
In the behavior of preschool children, you can often see signs of a crisis of 3 years. If a child is suddenly completely out of hand, remember his age. The crisis of 3 years will not necessarily visit the child directly on his third birthday. The period of denial and stubbornness may begin six months before the third year or six months later.
You are facing a crisis at age 3 if your child:
constantly checks the boundaries of what is permitted;
arranges tantrums for any reason and without;
demands to buy the toy he needs, sobbing and rolling on the floor in the store;
on a walk runs away in the opposite direction from you;
does not respond to requests and the word “no”;
negatively perceives any of your proposals;
answers “no”, “I don’t want”, “I won’t” to everything;
tries to do everything on his own and in his own way: he pulls on his jacket, sits down to eat himself, if something doesn’t work out, he throws a tantrum;
not amenable to persuasion.
Causes of the crisis 3 years
At the age of three, the child tries to separate his "I" from the parent. He begins to realize himself as a separate independent person with his own desires that need to be defended. A child's crisis of 3 years often manifests itself in the demonstrative and even tyrannical behavior of the child: he throws tantrums from scratch and literally does not agree with anything. The child, as if on purpose, wants to do it out of spite, on the contrary, contrary to the wishes of the parents. Of course, this behavior causes bewilderment and irritation in parents, but you should remember that the child is stubborn and says “no” not to annoy you. He simply does not know other ways to establish himself as a person. How to survive the crisis of 3 years, the parents should show the child.
Do not try to remake a child, educate him and break "for yourself
If a child has a crisis of 3 years, advice to parents comes down, by and large, to a recommendation to maintain a balance. Do not punish the child, and encourage his behavior. During a tantrum, try to switch the attention of the stubborn to something else, and if it doesn’t work out, just wait it out. But when the child calms down, be sure to talk to him about what happened, explain that you still love him, but this behavior upset you very much and it is unacceptable in society.
Give your child a choice
Does the child want to be independent? Let him make his own decisions. Do not force to eat porridge and a sandwich, ask: "Will you have porridge or a sandwich?" If you are going on business, leave the child the opportunity to participate in determining the route: "Are we going to the store or the pharmacy first?"
Sometimes you can play on the contradiction: if you urgently need to collect a child for kindergarten, and he refuses to get dressed, say that you will not go to kindergarten today. Out of stubbornness, the child will start shouting: “No, let's go!” Take advantage of this, but emphasize that today you are fulfilling his request, and tomorrow he will fulfill yours.
Help your child accept himself
The child must believe that he is good, despite temporary behavioral difficulties. Praise the child if he completed your instructions, emphasize that he is obedient and everything is fine with him.
Contact the experts
If you can’t cope with the situation, become irritable, aggressive, or, on the contrary, you give up, the science of psychology will help you. The crisis of 3 years is a topic that many child psychologists specialize in, who will tell you how to behave correctly, where to draw peace and strength, and also work with the child himself.
Crisis 3 years: when does it end?
How long your child will be stubborn - a month or a year - is impossible to predict. Some children "skip" the crisis age without even noticing, others linger in it for a long time. How long the crisis lasts for 3 years will also depend on the attitude of the parents to what is happening.
Throughout his life, a growing child will more than once face crises of a certain age, because age psychology considers a crisis of 3 years to be the starting point on the path of personality formation.
The crisis of 3 years in a child just needs to wait out and survive, as they wait out a thunderstorm or hurricane. Using our memo on the crisis of 3 years, you will help the child quickly overcome this difficult period for him and those around him.
You celebrated the third birthday of a child who has become more and more like an adult both externally and internally - psychologically. He speaks well, knows a lot of words and asks a lot of questions. Children at the age of 3 begin to realize themselves as separate individuals, with their own desires, interests and preferences.
What can a child at 3 years old do?
- Runs fast, maintains balance perfectly, jumps on two legs.
- Can jump over low obstacles.
- Riding a tricycle.
- Plays ball: grabs, throws, catches and kicks it.
- Children at the age of 3 are happy to use coloring pages for children. Many people can already draw a completely distinguishable, colored drawing on a blank sheet of paper without outlines.
- In addition to white and black, he also knows and names four primary colors: red, green, yellow and blue.
- He speaks well, makes sentences of 5-7 words. Uses adjectives, adverbs, plural. Can pronounce his first and last name, count to three, knows his age.
- He brushes his teeth on his own, washes his face, knows where his towel is and uses it.
Three-year-old children enjoy playing and communicating with their peers, exchanging toys, “driving” companies. Sensitive to praise or condemnation. They show a wide range of emotions, are stubborn and capricious if they are denied what they want. They do not like restrictions when they limit their mobility - they are naughty, emotionally tense.
Development at 3 years
For 3 years, the child has formed into a full-fledged personality, he has a character with his own characteristics, habits, his own type of figure, even his own sense of humor. He is a good conversationalist, he can tell how his day went, where he was, what he saw. Maintains a conversation in the form of "question - answer". Vocabulary at 3 years old is up to 1000 words, in his speech the baby successfully uses numbers, adjectives, pronouns, adverbs, in children's questions you can often hear “how?” and why?".
A child at 3 years old has a good psychomotor development, he is much more enduring than children younger than him. He takes long walks on foot, during which he receives a huge amount of new impressions, significantly increasing knowledge about the world around him. Walking with you in the park, the baby can literally bombard you with questions, sometimes even annoying. You need to be patient and in no case show that his questions unnerve you. Everything is new for a child, and if you suppress his research interest now just because you get tired of naive children's questions, this will adversely affect the further development of the crumbs.
The favorite pastime of children at 3 years old is drawing and coloring. Show your child how to use crayons, how to color in coloring pages. Fine motor skills are well developed, it will not be difficult for a toddler to master such a simple and useful thing for him as coloring characters from his favorite cartoons, funny animals and other black and white pictures. Many children of this age are happy to draw with crayons on asphalt, colored pencils on blank sheets of paper, some even master watercolors.
From the point of view of psychology, drawings at 3 years old are considered as a kind of children's speech, as a preparation for writing. The baby’s drawing reflects his worldview, attitude to reality, from the drawing you can immediately determine what is important for a child at 3 years old, what worries him, what he dreams about.
Care at 3 years
Many parents send their children to kindergarten at the age of 3 years. Working mothers don’t have much choice: parental leave is over and he needs to be attached somewhere. It’s good if non-working grandmothers live nearby who don’t mind taking their grandson or granddaughter with them, but this is far from being the case in all families. Not everyone can afford to hire a nanny. Yes, and non-working mothers often get tired of a restless baby and prefer to send him to a kindergarten in order to have a little rest and devote some time to themselves.
All children are individual, and therefore it is necessary to decide whether it is possible to send a child to a kindergarten or not, based on the accompanying circumstances. If you have no other choice - of course, the baby will go to kindergarten. But in this case, you should take care in advance that your child successfully adapts to a new environment - lead to groups of kids, accustom to a team of peers. Then the kindergarten will be a joy to him: new faces, fresh impressions, fun games with peers.
If your three-year-old baby is strongly attached to the house and parents, and any separation, even for a short time, causes protest - do not rush to the kindergarten. Since the stress that a child will experience when parting with his mother and a sharp change in the environment can be so strong that it will lead to psychological trauma and will have a negative impact in the future, especially on his communication with peers.
Nutrition basically the same as an adult. If there is no food allergy, you do not need to cook separately for a three-year-old. Try to include in the diet more fresh vegetables, fruits, less fat, smoked meats. Avoid using too many spices. Alcohol is completely contraindicated.
Dream practically no different from what it was a year earlier. It is advisable to devote at least 10 hours to a night's sleep and once every hour or two put a three-year-old to sleep during the day. Due to increased motor activity and strong impressionability, it is not easy to put children to sleep during the day at this age, but it is better to insist on your own - systematic sleep deprivation will not be useful for the child's body.
Before going to bed it is useful to take a bath. Don't forget about hygiene: a baby at 3 years old should already be able to wash himself, brush his teeth, and go to the toilet. To prevent diseases, it is better to hang a separate baby towel. Show him where it hangs and replace it regularly with a clean one.
Activities with a 3 year old
Any classes at 3 years old should be carried out in a playful way, without the use of coercion in any form. The kid must show interest in the educational game and enjoy it, otherwise he will lose interest in it and stop playing it altogether. Spend no more than 15 minutes on any active activity. Do not demand that the toddler complete the task “no matter what” at the age of 3 - this can lead to overwork. Encourage your child's achievements - give him cards or homemade medals.
Build "pyramids" out of cubes and boxes, throw a light inflatable ball and help catch it, draw together on the pavement with colored crayons, you can even try to play catch-up - there are a lot of options - the main thing is that you and your child have fun and interesting.
If the baby does not go to kindergarten, remember that you need to follow the correct regimen. walks at this age are no less important than before. The child should not sit at home all the time, especially at the computer or TV. Devote no more than two hours a day to games or walks in the fresh air.
Let's take a look at what a 3-year-old baby can do, why a developmental crisis occurs at this age and how to cope with it, as well as what activities to develop a three-year-old child with.
Age Features
- The motor development of the child is improved. A 3-year-old kid is in control of his own body. He walks evenly, without unnecessary movements, can change the pace of walking and is able to learn to ride a bicycle.
- The efficiency of the nervous system of a three-year-old child becomes greater. The child is awake for a longer time and is ready to learn new information. He is already more patient and can do one thing for longer than 2 years (up to 20-25 minutes).
- Fine motor skills also improve, allowing the baby to master buttoning, drawing with pencils, using cutlery and other everyday skills.
- The vocabulary of a 3-year-old baby already includes more than 1000 words. The child uses almost all parts of speech in conversation, although sometimes incorrectly. The pronunciation of sounds improves, although children at 3 years old may not yet pronounce many sounds. Three-year-olds constantly pronounce their actions, giving the impression that they are not silent at all. Also a characteristic feature of the speech of children of this age is the presence of numerous questions.
- The main activity of a three-year-old child is the game. Now the kid most of all loves role-playing games. In the scenes played out by the child, there is a plot, since the crumbs develop abstract thinking and imagination.
Many kids at this age at the first opportunity want to play with other people's toys, while not paying attention to their own. Is this normal and how to respond to this situation, see the video of Larisa Sviridova (Lara's mother).
Calculate the vaccination calendar
Most parents are not happy with their child's weight. Is it worth worrying about a deviation from the norm, see E. Komarovsky's TV show.
Types of child development
Physical
This type of development is aimed at increasing the child's endurance, developing dexterity and coordination of movements. Activities that affect physical development should be daily for a three-year-old child and may include such actions:
- Charging to music, poetry or video lesson.
- Stepping over obstacles (lay out the bars on the floor).
- Walking on an inclined board.
- Jumping over a line drawn on the floor.
- Walking on a rope laid out on the floor.
- Jumping on two legs from a place forward.
- Jumping off small hills.
- Ball games - throw to each other, throw up, and then catch, kick, hit the box, race with a rolling ball, roll between the legs of a chair.
- Mobile games with simple rules.
- Overcoming obstacle course.
- Dancing.
- Fitness with mom
- Swimming.
- Exercises on the sports wall (rope, rings, ladder, crossbar).
- Bicycling.
cognitive
This type of development helps to explore the world around the baby and the different properties of objects. Classes with a cognitive purpose will develop attention, logic, memory in a toddler. In a playful way, the baby learns the first mathematical concepts, learns more about the world in which he lives. Classes at the age of three can be as follows:
- We are looking for colors by name and by pattern.
- Consistently collect nesting dolls and molds of different sizes.
- We select flat geometric shapes according to the sample.
- We select volumetric geometric shapes for holes and study their names.
- We collect a pyramid of 8-10 rings of different colors and sizes, guided by a drawing or a sample.
- We study the differences between the concepts of small-medium-large.
- We put the picture in 2 parts.
- We play with mosaic and loto.
- We remember the place in which there was a toy that was removed by an adult.
- We are looking for the whole picture by its details.
- We study the concept of right-left.
- We generalize objects according to some property, for example, floating, flying.
- We study with the child natural phenomena, flora and fauna, labor activities.
- We find an extra item in the group.
- Choose from a group of objects opposite.
- We study numbers.
- We are looking for the shadow of the picture.
- We select payments.
- Adding missing items.
Parents can start in a playful way to introduce the child to mathematical concepts. Conduct the next lesson according to the "Flower" method, which is shown by M. L. Lazarev (music development expert) in the next video.
At the age of three, the baby will be interested in getting to know the days of the week. Conduct classes in a playful way and in a good mood.
touch
Such development involves the child's senses - touch, taste, smell, sight, hearing. During sensory training, the baby improves tactile sensitivity, learns to recognize objects by smell and taste. Such activities at the age of three may include:
- Determination of the texture of objects.
- Determination of geometric shapes by touch.
- Guessing animals by the sounds they make.
- Games with sensory bags and boxes.
- Guessing objects by smell.
- Guessing food by taste.
musical
This type of development of a three-year-old baby not only affects the child's hearing, but also instills in him a sense of rhythm and musical taste.
You can develop your baby with the help of such activities:
- Singing.
- Playing a musical instrument.
- Listening to music with different rhythms.
- Guessing the sounds of everyday objects.
- Song Guessing.
- Dancing.
- Music background.
An expert on musical development Lazarev M. L. shows how theatrical performance "Music Festival" can be held using the "Flower" method. The child will get acquainted with musical instruments and musical intervals.
Speech
For a child of 3 years old, it is very important to constantly expand the vocabulary, so you should communicate more with the little one. Articulation classes also affect speech development. With a baby of this age, speech development can be done as follows:
- Learn songs and poems.
- Discuss plot pictures.
- Tell a story with pictures.
- Discuss what you read.
- Listen to a fairy tale read by an adult, as well as in an audio recording.
- Make a riddle for the baby, in which the answer is the last word of the quatrain.
- Talk to your child about how the day went.
- Discuss different situations on the topic “what if?”.
- Perform articulation exercises.
- Learn vowels.
fine motor skills
It is extremely important to develop motor skills to stimulate the speech development of a toddler, since the areas of the brain responsible for speech and hand movement are very close. If during the lesson the baby will use his fingers more, you will simultaneously stimulate the speech zone. Suitable activities for fine motor skills for a 3-year-old baby are as follows:
- Finger gymnastics.
- Games with sand and grains.
- Fastening buttons, eyelets, various fasteners, buttons.
- Stringing multi-colored beads on a cord, including alternating color and shape of beads.
- Games with nesting dolls, laces, mosaics, liners, clothespins.
- Laying out patterns from pasta, shells or pebbles.
- Water games.
Creative
Activities that will stimulate the child's creativity include various types of drawing and applications, games with constructors, modeling, and the like. With a three-year-old kid, you can do this:
- Draw details to the drawings, for example, leaves to a branch or stems to flowers.
- Draw lines, rectangles, ovals and circles.
- Color in the drawing.
- Draw according to your idea and tell what you draw.
- Roll out plasticine or dough in the palms and sculpt simple shapes (sausages, balls, bagels).
- Make simple applications using paper, natural materials, pieces of fabric.
- Build bridges, fences, houses from cubes using speech instructions, your imagination, sample or drawing.
- Cut with children's scissors.
- Decorate cakes or sandwiches with mom.
- Act out a fairy tale.
- Play with puppet theatre.
For the creative development of the baby, conduct a lesson according to the “Little Leonardo” method, which is shown by O. N. Teplyakova, an expert in intellectual development.
social
A three-year-old child reaches out to peers and communicates a lot with other children. Many kids of this age are already attending kindergarten, so their social development goes at its own pace while communicating with children in a group. If the three-year-old does not go to the garden yet, it is important for parents to pay additional attention to the social development of the child. In addition, this type of development also includes the acquisition of skills that children will need in everyday life.
Classes aimed at the social development of the crumbs will be as follows:
- Games with other children using substitute items.
- Learning words of politeness.
- Folding clothes before bed.
- Learn to tie shoelaces and button up.
- Learning table manners.
- Strong help around the house.
Many parents are faced with the difficulties of parting with a child, accompanied by tears and tantrums crumbs. Is this normal and is it worth it to continue to take the baby to kindergarten, see the video of Larisa Sviridova.
Sample weekly exercise program
By compiling a weekly lesson plan for the development of a three-year-old child, you can evenly distribute classes over the days of the week, while not missing anything, but not overloading the little one. For each child, such a lesson plan will be different. Its compilation should be based on the interests of the baby and mother, as well as the presence of certain skills in the little one. The plan includes visiting sports and developmental activities, massage and other mandatory activities.
When drawing up a plan for the first time, it is better to focus on a minimum list of activities. After one or two weeks, you will be able to analyze how the child is coping, whether any activities need to be added, what the baby likes more and what is more difficult.
We offer the following approximate weekly schedule of developmental activities for a 3-year-old child:
Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | Sunday |
|
Physical development | Swimming | Charging by video lesson | ball games | Charging with music | Fitball game | Outdoor games |
|
cognitive development | Learning numbers | Studying birds | Looking for the whole by detail | The study of natural phenomena | Exploring colors |
||
sensory development | Sensory Pouch Games | Exploring Tastes | We study smells | Guessing objects by touch | |||
fine motor skills | Finger gymnastics | Clothespin game | sand play | Bead game | water play | Groats game |
|
Musical development | Learning musical instruments | background music |
|||||
Speech development | Reading a fairy tale | Articulation gymnastics | Telling a story from a picture | Learning the verse | Audio fairy tale | Discussing the plot of the picture |
|
creative development | Painting | Puppet show | Painting | Games with a constructor | Coloring | Application |
|
social development | Learning etiquette | Games with peers | Learning the words of politeness |
Care and mode
In the development of 3-year-old children, attention should be paid to maintaining the health of babies, so the importance of the daily routine and caring for the little one is beyond doubt:
- The baby needs to get enough rest. The approximate duration of sleep at the age of 3 is 12-13 hours a day. Many children may refuse to sleep during the daytime, but pediatricians note that preschoolers need rest during the day, so parents should try to put their child to sleep for 1-2 hours during the day.
- The morning of a three-year-old should begin with hygiene procedures. The child should wash himself, brush his teeth and comb his hair. Parents should constantly remind the baby to wash their hands before eating and after returning from a walk, as well as after using the toilet.
- Many parents continue to harden their children, carry out procedures in the period after daytime sleep. Such procedures include sunbathing, walking in the fresh air, wiping with a dampened towel, dousing the legs or the whole body, contrast showers, swimming in ponds.
- With a three-year-old child, it is advised to walk 1-2 times a day, dressing the little one according to the weather.
- In the diet of a child of this age, 4 meals are provided, between which 3-4 hours pass. The nutritional value of the daily diet of three-year-old children is 1500-1800 kcal.
And once again about the most important thing: what happens to a child at the age of 3 and why it is important to behave correctly during this difficult period, see the video of the child psychologist Yulia Milovanova on the Open TV channel.
- At the age of three, it is important to ensure that the child has toys that will support the baby's motor activity (ball, bicycle, skittles, and the like). Also, for the games of a three-year-old toddler, constructors and pyramids, lotos and cubes, books and posters, sets for creativity and toys for role-playing games (dolls, animals, dishes, products, and others) are needed.
- If your child is about to start attending kindergarten, discuss the changes in his life with the crumbs. It would be a good idea to attend developmental classes so that the baby gets used to the children's team.
- Remember that three-year-olds are very sensitive to criticism, so if you want to criticize the baby, do it gently, but rather offer to correct mistakes together.
- It is not necessary to buy expensive toys for development, you can use improvised materials for classes.
So three years have flown by! Bright, saturated, unique! Your child has turned into a full-fledged personality with his own character, habits, temperament, he has his own peculiarities of figure and behavior. He is a good conversationalist, he can tell how his day went, where he was, what he saw. Children at the age of 3 begin to realize themselves as separate individuals, with their own desires, interests and preferences. Over the years, the baby has noticeably grown up, mastered new skills and abilities, has become dexterous, active and inquisitive. Vocabulary at 3 years old is up to 1000 words, in his speech the baby successfully uses numbers, adjectives, pronouns, adverbs, in children's questions you can often hear “how?” and why?" Sometimes his many questions baffle you, and sometimes your head is spinning from their number. Be patient, you should not interrupt the child, his desire to learn new things in the world around him is natural, and your harshness can suppress his cognitive aspirations in the baby, and this can adversely affect the further development of the crumbs. The kid wants to be good, we are waiting for approval and praise from an adult. Increasingly more self-reliant and independent. At this age, it is very important for a child to be appreciated and praised.
What's new
At three years old, a child should know and name correctly four primary colors and some shades of colors. At this age, the baby is able to collect successively (that is, from smallest to largest) caps, a pyramid, molds, a matryoshka of 4-6 components.
Able to pick up geometric shapes according to the sample, can also pick up the corresponding shapes according to the shape of the hole in the developmental aid (game).
Can name familiar geometric shapes. Collects a pyramid of 10 rings (in size, for example, in descending order, in color, in shape).
Distinguishes objects by size - small, medium, large. Can distinguish an object by texture - soft, hard.
Drawing skills are improving, so the kid can complete the missing details to the adult’s drawing - for example, a leaf to a branch, a stem to a flower, smoke to a steam locomotive.
He tries to paint over, draws ovals, circles, draws lines.
While drawing, the baby can imitate the writing of an adult. During modeling, he can pinch off a piece of plasticine, roll it in his palms, and connect the parts. He tries to sculpt simple shapes - sausage, ball, bagel and others.
At three years old, a child is able to master rather complex skills, such as riding a tricycle, swinging, sledding. By the age of three, many kids are no longer afraid to swim. The child is good at jumping over obstacles, walks on an inclined plane, jumps in length from a place on two legs, can jump from a small height. At this age, children can perform two actions at the same time (for example, stomp and clap, jump and raise their arms to the sides). With ease, the child throws, rolls, catches the ball.
Three-year-old children enjoy playing and communicating with their peers, exchanging toys, “driving” companies.
He is also capable of long games with a toy that has attracted his attention, play story games, look at pictures and listen to fairy tales. Focuses on tasks for longer periods of time.
The development of the nervous system in a child at three years old
From three to six years, the final myelination of the fibers occurs, the child's brain is almost mature, vital skills are formed. By the age of six, the mental development of a child reaches such a degree that, in the absence of adults, this little person can fully provide for his life. From 3 to 6 years in a child's life - the preschool period. Preschool age occupies a place between early and primary school age (from 3 to 6-7 years) and is extremely important for the development of the child's psyche and personality. The leading activity of this age is the game, so it is no coincidence that it is also called the “age of the game”. Within the preschool age, 3 periods are distinguished:
- Junior preschool age 3-4 years.
- Average 4–5 years.
- Senior 5–6/7 years.
On average, the main content of the game is the relationship between people. Children play so-called role-playing games. Here, actions are no longer performed for the sake of actions, they are a means of realizing the role, contributing to the development of the plot. The introduction of a plot and a play role significantly increases the child's capabilities in many areas of mental life.
In older preschool age, role-playing is gradually replaced by a game with rules. The main content of the game is the implementation of the rules arising from the role taken on. Game actions are reduced, generalized and become conditional.
From a scientific point of view, games are of great importance for the mental development of the child. At this age, the mental development of a preschooler is almost ready for the start of a systematic educational process in educational institutions.
Children are offered games that:
- Develop fine motor skills of fingers.
- Increase the associative array.
- They help to solve logical problems of low complexity.
- Develop attention.
In addition to play, other forms of activity are also characteristic of preschool age: designing, drawing, modeling, perception of fairy tales and stories, etc. The child gradually masters the coordination of small hand movements. This gives him the opportunity to improve his visual activity. Most children of this age draw with great enthusiasm. The visual activity of a child of this age period is different in that the result is completely unimportant for him. The process of creating a drawing comes to the fore. Therefore, once a drawing is completed, children often throw it away. And only by the end of preschool age the child begins to pay attention to the drawing itself, that is, to evaluate the result of his work. From a psychological point of view, drawing is regarded as a kind of children's speech and as a preparatory stage for written speech. In the drawing, the child expresses his attitude to reality, in it you can immediately see what is the main thing for the child, and what is secondary.
Be sure to read fairy tales and poems to your baby, and then ask them to retell them.
Do not be too lazy to devote the maximum amount of time to the neuropsychic development of the child. Do not shift the responsibility to the nanny, garden, school. Even if something goes wrong, children are like plasticine: at an early age, a lot can be corrected.
Crisis of three years
The crises that your child will overcome (and has already overcome) are actually not so few: this is a neonatal crisis, a crisis of one year, three years, seven years, the well-known crisis of adolescence. It should be noted that the names of crises (except, perhaps, newborns) are very conditional, and the time of their occurrence depends on the particular child and the conditions of his life.By the age of three, parents often find that the baby is not so easy to handle. He suddenly ceases to obey, and what he recently took for granted now causes him a storm of protest. Why is this happening? And how to call the baby to order and tranquility?
Three years is the age when a child so wants to feel like an adult and independent, at this age children already have their own “want” and are ready to defend it in front of adults. This is the time of discoveries and finds, the age of awakening fantasy and awareness of oneself as a person. A pronounced feature of this period is the crisis of three years. In babies, it can manifest itself in different ways, but the main "symptoms" are extreme stubbornness, negativism and self-will.
All this is explained by the fact that at the age of 3-5 years the child is trying to take his place among people. He is trying to realize his individuality and his differences from other children. He feels like a person and does everything so that adults perceive him as an equal. It is at this time that a small person is trying to find those activities that he likes. He wants to be like adults in everything, and the fact that they always help him in everything leads him to negativity. By changing behavior, character and strong-willed qualities are formed. There is pride in their successes, a desire to help, independence, a sense of duty. And the point is not even how this period proceeds, but what changes it will entail in the character of the child. But how long the process will last and how painful it is for the child depends directly on the parents, their methods of education. Punishments and prohibitions for no reason, limitation of independence, suppression of initiative can be the reason for the acute flow of this period.
Good to know
The crisis of 3 years in children is a serious test for parents, but the child at this time has an even harder time. He does not understand what is happening to him, and is not able to control his behavior. And he needs your support.
Signs of a crisis 3 years
- Negativism. In a general sense, negativism means the desire to contradict, to do the opposite of what he is told. The child may be very hungry, or really want to listen to a fairy tale, but he will refuse only because you, or some other adult, offers it to him. Negativism must be distinguished from ordinary disobedience. After all, the child does not obey you, not because he wants to, but because at the moment he cannot do otherwise. By refusing your offer or request, he "defends" his "I".
- Stubbornness. Having expressed his own point of view or asked for something, the little three-year-old stubborn will bend his line with all his might. Does he really want the execution of the "application"? May be. But, most likely, not very much, or in general for a long time lost desire. But how will the baby understand that his point of view is considered, that his opinion is listened to if you do it your way?
- Obstinacy. Obstinacy, unlike negativism, is a general protest against the usual way of life, the norms of upbringing. The child is dissatisfied with everything that is offered to him.
- Willfulness. The little headstrong three-year-old accepts only what he has decided and conceived for himself. This is a kind of tendency towards independence, but hypertrophied and inadequate to the capabilities of the child. It is not difficult to guess that such behavior causes conflicts and quarrels with others.
- Depreciation. Everything that used to be interesting, familiar, expensive is depreciating. Favorite toys during this period become bad, affectionate grandmother - nasty, parents - angry. The child may begin to swear, call names (there is a depreciation of old norms of behavior), break a favorite toy or tear a book (attachments to previously expensive objects are depreciated), etc.
- Protest riot. This condition can best be described in the words of the famous psychologist L.S. Vygotsky: "The child is at war with others, in constant conflict with them."
- Despotism. Until recently, affectionate, a baby at the age of three often turns into a real family despot. He dictates to everyone around him the norms and rules of behavior: what to feed him, what to wear, who can leave the room and who can’t, what to do for one family member and what for the rest. If there are still children in the family, despotism begins to take on the features of heightened jealousy. Indeed, from the point of view of a three-year-old peanut, his brothers or sisters do not have any rights in the family at all.
Good to know
The crisis of three years in children should simply be waited out like a storm, experienced like an earthquake and endured like a disease. So your motto for this year is patience, patience and patience!
Calm, only calm
The main manifestations of the crisis, disturbing parents, usually consist in the so-called "affective outbursts" - tantrums, tears, whims. Recommendations for behavior in such situations will be the same: do nothing and do not decide until the baby is completely calm. However, there are many babies who are able to "fight in hysterics" for a long time, and few mother's hearts can withstand this picture. Therefore, it may be useful to "pity" the child: hug, put on his knees, pat on the head. This method usually works flawlessly, but you should not abuse it. After all, the child gets used to the fact that his tears and whims are followed by “positive reinforcement”. And once he gets used to it, he will use this opportunity to get an additional "portion" of affection and attention. It is best to stop the beginning tantrum by simply switching attention. At the age of three, babies are very receptive to everything new, and a new toy, cartoon, or offer to do something interesting can stop the conflict and save your nerves. Trial and error method
Let your child make mistakes now, before your very eyes. This will help him avoid many serious problems in the future. But for this, you yourself must see in your baby, yesterday's baby, an independent person who has the right to go his own way and be understood. It was found that if parents limit the manifestations of the child's independence, punish or ridicule his attempts at independence, then the development of the little man is disturbed: and instead of will, independence, a heightened sense of shame and insecurity is formed. Of course, the path of freedom is not the path of connivance. Define for yourself those boundaries that the child does not have the right to go beyond. For example, you can't play on the roadway, you can't skip naps, you can't walk through the forest without a hat, etc. You must adhere to these boundaries under any circumstances. In other situations, give the baby the freedom to act on his own mind.freedom of choice
The right to make your own decision is one of the main signs of how free we feel in a given situation. A three-year-old kid has the same perception of reality. This will allow the child to form the qualities necessary in life, and you will be able to cope with some of the negative manifestations of the crisis of three years. Does the kid say “no”, “I won’t”, “I don’t want” to everything? Then don't force it! Offer him two options to choose from: draw with felt-tip pens or pencils, walk in the yard or in the park, eat from a blue or green plate. You will save your nerves, and the child will enjoy and be sure that his opinion is taken into account. The kid is stubborn, and you can’t convince him in any way? Try to "stage" such situations in "safe" conditions. For example, when you are not in a hurry and can choose from several options. After all, if the kid manages to defend his point of view, he gets confidence in his abilities, the significance of his own opinion. Stubbornness is the beginning of the development of the will, the achievement of the goal. And it is in your power to direct it in this direction, and not make it a source of "donkey" character traits for life. It is also worth mentioning the “do the opposite” technique known to some parents. Tired of the endless “no”, “I don’t want” and “I won’t”, the mother begins to energetically convince her baby of the opposite of what she is trying to achieve. For example, "under no circumstances go to bed", "you must not sleep", "do not eat this soup". With a small stubborn three-year-old, this method often works. However, is it worth using it? Even from the outside, it looks very unethical: a child is the same person as you, however, using your position, experience, knowledge, you deceive and manipulate him. In addition to the issue of ethics, here we can recall another point: the crisis serves the development of the individual, the formation of character. Will a child who is constantly "cheated" in this way learn something new? Will he develop the necessary qualities in himself? This can only be doubted.A game
Increased independence is one of the features of the three-year crisis. Parents can really help the child overcome the crisis faster, make it less painful for the baby himself and for everyone around him. This can be done in the game. It was her great psychologist and expert on child development, Eric Erickson, who compared it with a "safe island" where the baby can "develop and test his independence, independence." The world learns through games. Don't forget about it. With the help of the game, you can not only teach him etiquette or rules of conduct, but also make him do what he does not want. For example, if he refuses to eat, then offer to feed toys that will only eat with him. Use it. The age crisis is a turning point in a child's life. He will need your love, care and tenderness more than ever. Therefore, do not be stingy, let him feel that he is loved by you.
Physical development of a child at 3 years old
Can stand on tiptoe (socks) for a few seconds. Walks on tiptoe for at least 3 meters. Must be able to stand on one leg for at least 3-4 seconds.
Jumps over a line on the floor. By the age of three, and often even earlier, he independently climbs the stairs, alternating legs: he puts one foot on each step when climbing up. He descends more carefully, placing two feet on each step. Can jump down the last step by keeping both feet together.
Throws and catches the ball. At 3.5 years old, all children must catch a ball thrown from a distance of 2 meters.
He rides a tricycle, pedaling. If the baby does not have a bicycle, you can check the coordination using a test.
Test
If shown and explained well, the baby can perform two different actions at the same time - stomp their feet and clap their hands.
3 year old skills
He dresses and wears himself. Fastens buttons, except for inconvenient ones, for example, on the back. Some children can be taught to tie their shoelaces. Undresses independently. Knows how to fold his clothes before going to bed. Notices the mess in his clothes. Knows how to use a handkerchief and napkin as needed without being reminded. Knows how to wipe his feet at the entrance to the apartment. Self-washes hands with soap and dries them with a towel. Some children brush their own teeth, but most still need help squeezing toothpaste onto the brush. Inserts the key in the door lock (from two years old), turns the key in the door lock. In the daily life of the family, he is active: he likes to help adults with cleaning the house, shopping, working in the garden and garden. You can entrust the child to carry the dishes and set the table.
Regulates his physiological needs - goes to the toilet on time. Does everything on his own (undressing, sitting down, dressing), except for using toilet paper.
Eats carefully with a spoon and fork. Holds them by the end of the handle.
3 year old child play
Assembles a pyramid of eight to ten rings according to a pattern or pattern (in descending order of size, in size and color, in shape and size). Builds a tower of eight to nine cubes.Selects flat geometric shapes to the sample (circle, rectangle, triangle, trapezium, oval, square). Some of them are called: circle, triangle, square, etc.
At the show, at the request of an adult, or in an independent game, he collects sequentially (puts the smaller one into the larger one) nesting dolls, bowls, molds, caps from four to five components (that is, he can put 3-4 nesting dolls into each other). When nesting shapes, you should no longer use brute force. He understands well how to insert an object, which part or side of it to bring to another object. But you may also need help to close the matryoshka and combine the patterns on its two halves.
When presented with three objects of different sizes, he finds and can name large, small and medium. Determines the object by texture (soft, hard).
From cubes, a designer or auxiliary materials, he begins to make more complex story buildings and calls them: a house, a fence, a car, a bridge, etc. He builds not only on his own or according to an adult’s speech instruction, he can build according to a model or drawing, copies the model. Uses these buildings for a board game with plot toys (car, bear, doll).
At this age, you can already start buying the simplest board games for your child.
Seeks to play with other children. It becomes important for the child to participate in a collective role-playing game. When distributing roles, elders readily play the role assigned to him: "You will be a bunny." Willingly performs tasks in the game. Follows the rules in outdoor games. Demonstrates an understanding of taking turns when playing with children. There is a tendency to have friends. Kindly treats children: does not grab toys, does not take without asking, shares his toys. For the further development of the child, it is useful to organize communication with other children and attend kindergarten. As stated earlier, girls get used to kindergarten better. For boys, the start of kindergarten can be delayed until 3.5 years.
Improved independent role-playing game. For example, while playing with a doll or a bear, a child can say “I am a mother”, “I am a doctor”, that is, he takes on a certain role. Dressing and undressing dolls. Shows imagination in the game (chair - car, cube - soap). Due to the imagination, he can carry out game actions without objects. Fantasizes in the game, introducing fairy-tale characters into it. In the game, he calls himself some kind of character. Answers an adult's question: "Who are you?" He talks a lot during the game, commenting on his actions or what he imagines in the game. Uses role-playing speech in the game. Speaks for himself and for the doll.
draws
Correctly holds the pencil with the fingers of the dominant hand, copies from the sample, draws horizontal and vertical lines, closed shapes (circle, sun, apple). According to the show, he can draw a cross, but not every child can copy it. Copying differs from drawing by show in that when copying, the child does not see how you draw yourself. The child copies from the drawing you have already drawn. Therefore, copying is a more difficult task than drawing from your show.
After your show, he begins to draw a two-part man, with a pair of limbs, for example, two arms, counted as one part. He usually draws either the torso and head, or the torso and legs, most often a “cephalopod” - a man without a torso.
He begins to paint on his own. Explains what he is drawing (sun, path, rain, etc.). Starts to paint over the drawings. Shows interest in drawing and modeling. Rolls out lumps of clay, plasticine in the palms, connects the parts. Sculpts simple shapes (ball, column, sausage, bagel). Calls them in response to the question: “What is this?” He rejoices in his actions when he succeeds. Gets upset when he can't do something.
Mental development of a child at 3 years old
He shows a sense of pride in himself (“I run best of all”), for parents (“dad is the strongest”, “mother is the most beautiful”). Begins to understand humor - laughs, perplexed. Emotionally reacts differently to beautiful, ugly: notices, distinguishes, evaluates.Emotionally evaluates the situation: empathizes (if someone is hurt), helps (if you need help), sympathizes, behaves quietly (if someone is sleeping, tired). He notices grief, discontent, joy of adults or children. Emotionally empathizes with the characters when listening to fairy tales, watching children's performances, cartoons (he is happy, sad, angry, grimaces from "pain", etc.).
Experiencing a feeling of chagrin, shame. He understands that he did something bad (did not have time to go to the toilet, spilled water), expects a negative assessment from an adult. Worries if scolded. Long can be offended by the punishment. He understands when someone else is doing something wrong. Gives an emotionally negative assessment: “You can’t offend (break, tear, take away, fight).”
Can be jealous, offended, intercede, angry, cunning, mischievous.
Shows shyness with characteristic facial expressions, especially when a stranger addresses him. Wary of unfamiliar animals, individuals, new situations. There may be fears, fear of the dark.
A sense of caution and an understanding of danger are formed. Begins to navigate in terms: dangerous - safe, harmful - useful. However, even at this age, it is necessary to continue to explain to the child the possible dangers, as described in the previous stage “2 years 6 months”. Performs verbal instructions consisting of four to five steps. Becomes more accommodating, begins to understand the difference between the past and the future, and realizes the possibility of postponing the immediate fulfillment of their desires for the future. Makes attempts to put things in order around him. With proper upbringing, he shows emotional restraint: he does not scream in public places, calmly crosses the street with an adult, does not run along the sidewalk, calmly listens to the request of an adult and fulfills it, stops crying with a reasonable ban.
At the same time, he can be disobedient, emotionally tense when movements are limited, when adults do not understand his requests and desires. Can be assertive in their demands. Often repeats: "I myself." Compared to the “2 years 6 months” stage, all children should already clearly understand the quantitative ratio (one and many). A test can be done to test this understanding.
Test
Put one item on the table (preferably a candy), and on the other side - a few candies; then ask the child to show: “Where is one candy, and where is a lot?” In the future, the idea of numbers expands. The child shows and says: "One, two, three, many, few."
Begins to distinguish between right and left sides, although he may still be mistaken. The leading hand (right-handedness or left-handedness) is determined in the interval of 20 months - 4 years. In the second half of life, there may be transient left-handedness in right-handed children.
He understands the difference between his own and someone else's, learns to share with others. He understands that his things should be returned back, and other people's toys (for example, in the kindergarten) do not belong to him, they must be returned. Knows the names of body parts (head, neck, back, chest, abdomen, arms, legs, fingers). Knows the purpose of body parts: “eyes look”, “ears listen”, “legs walk”.
Knows the names of the same parts of the body in humans and animals: "eyes - for everyone, legs - for a person, paws - for an animal, hands - for a person, wings - for a bird."
During this age period, the child should be fairly well oriented in four colors. Begins to distinguish between black and white colors, selects them according to a sample or at the request of an adult: "Give me a red cube, give me a black cube." To the question "What color is the cube?" correctly names 2-3 (sometimes more) colors.
He listens to fairy tales with great interest, has the most favorite ones and demands to repeat them again and again. Likes to watch TV.
Active speech of a child at 3 years old
At the age of three, the natural diversity (variability) in the speech development of different children is reduced, and all children without any developmental deviations must meet the requirements below.
Names some animals from the picture, as well as their cubs, household items, clothes, utensils, equipment, plants, etc.
All children at this age should say “I” about themselves: “I went”, “I myself”. Uses the pronouns "you", "we", "mine".
The child should be able to speak in simple, grammatical phrases. Usually phrases consist of three or four words. Begins to combine two phrases into a complex sentence (the main and subordinate parts of the sentence): "When dad comes home from work, we'll go for a walk." Words in phrases can change in numbers and cases. The speech of the child must be understandable to outsiders. He often accompanies his actions with speech. Enters into speech dialogues with children and adults. Briefly tells adults about what he is doing now or has done recently, that is, he is having a conversation consisting of several sentences. Answers the questions of an adult according to the plot picture. Tells a familiar story in a connected way.
Attention!
If at 3 years old a child communicates only with the help of babbling words and fragments of babbling sentences: “gaki” (eyes), “notes” (legs), “eye” (window), “virgins” (door), “uti” (hands) ; “da tina” (give me a car), then an urgent consultation with a neurologist and classes with a speech therapist are necessary (even if the child has successfully passed the preventive examination of the “official” speech therapist).
During this period, the child can learn and repeat short poems (couples and quatrains), short songs and passages from fairy tales. Word creation and a tendency to rhyme appear. Shows a special interest in the conversations of adults among themselves.
Quickly answers the question: "What is your name?" He calls not only his first name, but also his last name. Calls friends by name.
Answers the question: "How old are you?" At first, he only shows on his fingers, and a little later he begins to name his age. Knows his gender. Correctly answers the question: "Are you a boy or a girl?" Begins to distinguish the gender of others.
Asks not only simple questions: “What is this?”, “Who?”, “Where?”, “Where?” Increasingly, cognitive questions appear: “Why?”, “When?”, “Why?” other. The question "why?" marks a new stage in the mental development of the child. The age of why is coming. Before that, he just got acquainted with the world, and now he seeks to understand this world. The earlier the child asked the question “why?”, the more complete his mental development, the later, the more pronounced the delay. If a three-year-old child does not yet ask this question, then parents should ask it themselves and answer it themselves, thereby stimulating the child's cognitive interest.
Child mode at 3 years old
The sleep of a child at 3 years old is practically no different from what it was a year earlier. It is advisable to give at least 10 hours of sleep at night and put a three-year-old child to sleep during the day once every hour or two. Due to the increased motor activity and strong impressionability, it is not easy to put children to sleep during the day at this age, but it is better to insist on your own - systematic lack of sleep will not be useful for the child's body. 
Before going to bed it is useful to take a bath. Do not forget about hygiene: a baby at 3 years old should already be able to wash himself, brush his teeth, and go to the toilet.
His clothes must be clean and ironed. If the child is dirty, it must be changed immediately. He should know not to walk around in soiled clothes, so he will get used to being neat. For children, it is advisable to purchase clothes only from natural fabrics. Especially, which is in contact with the body, so that it does not cause chafing and irritation. At home, the baby should be dressed in soft, comfortable flannel or knitwear.
At three years old, the baby tries to brush his teeth on his own, under the supervision of adults. Let him do this, while periodically showing him how to move the brush correctly. Particular attention should be paid to the recesses between the teeth, since it is there that most food particles remain and plaque accumulates. The child's teeth should be brushed 2 times a day: in the morning - after breakfast and in the evening - after dinner. During for, after each meal (especially sweet), teach your child to rinse his mouth.
Teach your child to use only their own hygiene items (towel, washcloth, toothbrush, comb, etc.). To prevent diseases, it is better to hang a separate towel for the child. Show him where it hangs and replace it regularly with a clean one.
3 years is the time when most children go to kindergarten. All babies are individual, and therefore it is necessary to decide whether a child of 3 years old can be sent to a kindergarten or not, based on the accompanying circumstances. If you have no other choice - of course, the child will go to kindergarten. If you decide to take your child to the garden, at least for some time before that, go with him to early development groups - so that parting with you is not so abrupt. It is necessary to accustom the baby to the team of peers in advance. Then the kindergarten will be a joy to him: new impressions, new faces, games with peers.
Good to know
Compliance with the daily routine will help facilitate the period of adaptation of the child to kindergarten. Find out in advance what the daily routine is in kindergarten (which the child will go to) and try to stick to it.
How to breastfeed a 3 year old
At the age of three, the child becomes more and more active. The nutrition of the child should be correct, balanced, varied. Many parents mistakenly believe that from the age of 3 it is time for a child to eat all the dishes from an adult table. But digestion at this age is not yet sufficiently developed and it is necessary to continue to be attentive to nutrition. Transferring a child completely to an adult table is not worth it. It is much easier to act wiser - to transfer the whole family to a healthy diet, thereby establishing a common menu for children and adults. Definitely no need to use a blender anymore when making baby food. Food should be in pieces, make the chewing muscles work and strengthen. But hard food should not be, the child will not be able to chew it well or completely refuse such food.
Nutrition for children 3 years old is also independence. Previously, the baby preferred to open his mouth, seeing a spoon being brought, or spread the puree on the surfaces surrounding him. As he gets older, he gladly demonstrates his skills of independent use of a spoon, likes to eat at the same table with adults, imitates the process of eating, playing with other children or favorite toys.
The daily routine of a 3-year-old child should contain at least 4-5 meals with an interval of three to four hours:
- Breakfast.
- The second breakfast can look like a snack.
- afternoon tea
- Dinner.
Good to know
it is important to observe the measure - do not overfeed the child. Long gone are those hungry times when well-fed meant healthy. A child cannot and should not eat an adult portion. Have pity on the child - the habit of overeating in the future can cause many problems, both medical and psychological.
What should be in the diet of a child of three years
Meat products - in the amount of 70 grams per day. Consume daily. It can be rabbit, veal, lean pork, liver, as well as premium meat products: children's milk sausages, sausages, doctor's boiled sausage. Smoked meat products are contraindicated for peanuts.From fish and fish dishes (for example, fish cakes) in the amount of 60-70 grams per day. Consume twice a week. Mandatory condition: the fish must be carefully separated from the bones.
From milk and dairy products that the baby needs daily. The composition of this valuable product includes calcium and easily digestible protein, which are very important for the growth and development of the child. You can surprise your baby with new dishes for him: lazy dumplings, cheese mass, cottage cheese casserole, etc.
Porridge - which is desirable to serve the baby for breakfast daily. Why in the morning? Yes, because the cereals from which cereals are prepared consist of useful digestive fibers that improve the functioning of the digestive system, contain vitamins, a number of trace elements that give the baby a boost of energy for the whole day. It is useful for a three-year-old baby to eat oatmeal, buckwheat, pearl barley, wheat and barley porridge, boiled in water or milk.
Boiled eggs. It is contraindicated to give raw eggs to a baby.
Vegetables - which must be consumed by the baby in the amount of three hundred grams daily. It should be potatoes, beets, carrots, onions boiled or stewed. Vinaigrette can be made from vegetables.
Flour products - bread, pasta, pancakes, pancakes, biscuit and oatmeal cookies, which the baby needs in the amount of one hundred grams per day.
Fruits - apples, pears, dried fruits, bananas.
Drinking - natural juices, cocoa, fruit drinks, fruit drinks, tea. Let your baby drink as much as he wants, especially during the hot season. Soda is not recommended, juices are still better and healthier to dilute with water.
Usually it is at the age of three or four that the first acquaintance of the child with sweets occurs - unless, of course, the parents are their principal opponents. It's no big deal to occasionally give your baby candy (although honey is healthier), but don't do it in between feedings. You can also enjoy marmalade or marshmallows. Chocolate can be given in limited quantities if you are not allergic to it.
Good to know
Sweets should not be given to children at night, since the acid formed in the mouth after sweets contributes to dental caries.
Instead of sweets, you can offer your child dried fruits. They are great for children, rich in minerals such as potassium, calcium, iron and magnesium, but also have some healing properties. Dried apricots are good for the cardiovascular system, and help with constipation, and dried pear is recommended for indigestion and a tendency to diarrhea.
Good to know
When buying dried fruits, do not chase after a beautiful appearance - to improve the presentation, sellers often treat dried fruits with sulfur dioxide or chemical dyes.
Approximately per day, a child of 3–5 years old should receive protein:
- Meat - 100–140 g.
- Fish - 50–100 g.
- Egg - 1/2–1 pc.
- Milk (including the cost of cooking) and kefir - 600 ml.
- Cottage cheese - 50 g, Hard cheese and sour cream - 10–15 g each.
Carbohydrates play an equally important role in the body - this is the main source of energy. To replenish the body in carbohydrates, you need to eat vegetables, fruits, cereals. With insufficient intake of carbohydrates, the body can use proteins for energy needs, which will lead to protein deficiency. In turn, an excess of carbohydrates can lead to obesity, flatulence, hypovitaminosis, water retention in the body. Approximately per day, a child of 3-5 years old should receive carbohydrates:
- Cereals, legumes, pasta - 60 g, flour - 30 g.
- Vegetables - 300 g (do not forget to give children turnips, radishes, garlic, green salad), Potatoes - 150–200 g.
- Fruits and berries - 200 g.
- Dried fruits - 15 g.
- Bread - 80–100 g.
- Sugar (considering it in the composition of confectionery products) - 60–70 g.
- Tea (brewing) - 0.2 g.
Good to know
The most harmful are fats formed when vegetable oil is heated. Therefore, what really needs to be limited in the child's diet is food fried in a large amount of oil (chips, french fries, fast food), as well as margarine and all products prepared with its use - cookies, pastries.
Micro-, macroelements and vitamins have no nutritional value for the body, but are essential for the structure of bones and teeth, the immune system, for the health of the skin, eyes, for metabolic processes, osmotic pressure, acid-base state. Therefore, you need to drink mineral water, eat varied, eat vegetables and fruits every day and be sure to add dill, parsley, onion and celery to salads.
Recipes:
Ingredients per 500 g (three small servings):
- 120 g noodles or pasta or vermicelli.
- 180 g cottage cheese 9% (1 pack).
- 1 egg.
- 2 tablespoons of sugar.
- 10 g sour cream.
- 1 tbsp breadcrumbs.
- Butter for greasing the mold.
- Sour cream for serving.
Boil a liter of water in a small saucepan, salt it a little. Cook the noodles in boiling water until cooked through according to package instructions (usually noodles will cook for 8-10 minutes). Drain the water, put the noodles in a large bowl.
Add cottage cheese and sugar to the hot noodles, mix them with a spoon until the cottage cheese has no large pieces.
Add the egg and mix again.
Grease the mold with oil and sprinkle the bottom and sides of the mold with breadcrumbs, shake off the excess breadcrumbs. Put the noodles with cottage cheese in a mold and smooth. Brush the top of the casserole with sour cream and sprinkle with a little breadcrumbs.
Preheat the oven to 200 degrees. Place the casserole in the oven and bake for about 30-35 minutes until the casserole is browned. Remove the casserole and let it stand for 15 minutes, then cut into pieces and serve with sour cream.
How to develop a child at 3 years old
Any classes with a child of 3 years old should be carried out in a playful way, without the use of coercion in any form. The kid must show interest in the educational game and enjoy it, otherwise he will lose interest in it and stop playing it altogether. Spend no more than 15 minutes on any active activity. Do not demand that a child at 3 years old complete the task "no matter what" - this can lead to overwork. Encourage your child's achievements - give him postcards or homemade medals. You can make a letter at the end of the cycle of classes, sign and reward the child with it. Use various didactic aids - layout books, bingo or dominoes with pictures, books with expressive illustrations, books with windows, board games with pictures, wall calendars and posters with useful information (animals, plants, numbers, seasons). Sand appliqué kits, paper appliqués. You can offer your child children's scissors - at the age of three, children begin to cut out simple shapes, for safety reasons, let the games with scissors take place under your supervision.
Creative kits - pencils, crayons, plasticine, clay, lacing games, colored paper kits, stickers, watercolors. An easel is great for drawing. It is very convenient to use paper in rolls, it can be rolled out on the floor and create more space for creativity.
What toys to choose for a child at 3 years old
At this age, children prefer more complex and functional toys. Toys for motor development - balls, gymnastic sticks, pull-up toys, bicycles, swimming circles, skittles and others. For the development of design abilities - toys consisting of geometric shapes, opening and closing toys, cubes, pyramids, Lego with large parts, sand molds and others.
Toys for role-playing and story games - sets of a doctor, a fireman, a hairdresser, a builder, a teacher's shop, a set of children's dishes, toy vegetables, fruits, cars, houses, dolls, animals and others.
Despite the fact that the child is already big, try to give him time. Play and study with him. Praise for efforts more often and then his successes will not keep you waiting.
Get the projector...
Good to know
Modern cartoons on TV or DVD, this is certainly good. But it will be even better if you have old filmstrips and a projector. Children are very fond of watching such homemade cartoons on the wall or on a white sheet. There is a certain amount of mystery and mystery in this process. Moreover, the old Soviet cartoons are interesting and very kind. It is important for a child that mom or dad are nearby, who at this moment look like good wizards.
Outdoor games
An example of such games:Walk like geese or other animals.
Walk on all fours.
Work out on the Swedish wall or on the whole home sports complex - with rings, a trapezoid, crossbars, rope ladders, a rope.
Play volleyball with an inflatable or balloon.
Play bowling.
Walk with a soft toy or a book on your head.
Do I need to go to the clinic at 3 years old
At the age of three, the child undergoes an in-depth medical examination - clinical examination, especially if he goes to kindergarten.The three-year medical examination includes:
- Examination by a pediatrician, neurologist, ophthalmologist, ENT doctor, orthopedic surgeon, dermatologist, speech therapist, dentist, possibly a gynecologist.
- Laboratory examination - clinical analysis of blood, urine, coproscopy, examination of scrapings for enterobiasis (or feces for helminth eggs).
The body changes its size and proportions, the child no longer looks like a chubby baby. Gross and fine motor skills are intensively developed, motor activity reaches a maximum.
The rapid development of the brain leads to the expansion of the intellectual capabilities of the child. There is a transition from visual-effective thinking to figurative, speech is enriched, memory and imagination develop.
In a fairly short time, the personality of the child changes completely. These changes affect his character, his main activities and relationships with other people - adults and peers. It is at the age of three that the foundations of the image of his “I” are formed and the attitude to the world around him is determined.
In connection with such a global "restructuring" of the inner world, the child quite often becomes capricious and difficult.
Physiology
Compared to the younger age, there are no special changes in the diet and daily routine (unless you enroll the baby in kindergarten). Long night sleep, one daytime sleep, four meals a day. On the third birthday, you can introduce the child to the sweet.
Skills and abilities
A child of this age is characterized by an extremely high need for movement.Three-year-olds are constantly improving their motor skills. Development comes first gross motor skills- the ability to perform movements that require the participation of the whole body (running, jumping, squatting, turning).
Three year old child:
♦ Moves quite smoothly and dexterously, maintains balance well.
♦ Easily changes direction and stops on the go.
♦ Able to walk on toes, stand on one leg.
♦ Confidently jumps, including over small obstacles.
♦ Catches and kicks the ball.
♦ Goes up and down the stairs, holding on to the railing and even without support.
♦ Riding a tricycle.
During this period, improvements fine motor skills although the child still has difficulty making precise movements.
However, a three-year-old child is able to:
♦ Putting on and taking off simple clothes, unfastening buttons and handling large zippers, taking off Velcro shoes.
♦ Use cutlery correctly, eat and drink carefully.
♦ Hold the pencil with your index finger and thumb, make balls and rollers out of plasticine, cut the paper with scissors.
♦ Can draw a circle, horizontal and vertical lines, the first little men appear.
Thus, the child becomes more and more independent in carrying out daily activities.
How speech develops
By the age of three, the child's speech activity increases many times over. The baby's vocabulary is approximately 1000-1500 words, he uses almost all parts of speech, speaks in sentences of 3-6 words and generally learns the grammatical structure of the language.
In general, by the end of the third year of life, the child's social circle expands significantly: he talks a lot both with close adults and with strangers, with peers.
The speech of the child often accompanies his independent activity, the baby comments on his actions with objects (“threw the ball”) and turns to toys (“eat, doll”).
A three-year-old listens with pleasure to audio recordings, fairy tales and poems performed by an adult, easily memorizes them and reproduces them almost verbatim. In addition, he actively “plays” with the language, experiments with rhymes, and invents non-existent words.
If the child is already three years old, but he does not speak in phrases or is completely silent, then consultation of specialists is necessary - a speech therapist, neuropathologist, psychologist.
How to play
At this age, the type of play activity of the child also changes dramatically. Previously, the game was like a disparate set of activities with toys. For example, an adult showed how to feed and put the doll to bed, the child simply repeated after him. Such games were reduced to a simple manipulation of objects (the kid loads the cubes into the machine and immediately pours out).
Now the child is emotionally involved in the game, its duration and variability increase. A plot appears in the game, all actions become logically connected and consistent. The child takes bricks to the construction site, builds a house there and inhabits it, sets up a garden nearby and feeds vegetables to the new settlers.
But the most important thing is that substitutions appear in the child's play.Most three-year-olds easily “turn” one object into another and give them the appropriate names. A bucket becomes a hat, a felt-tip pen becomes a thermometer, balls become apples. The appearance of such symbols in the game indicates that the child is now able to go beyond the specific situation using his own imagination.
Now the game is the most important part of a child's life, an activity in which his emotional and intellectual development takes place.
Psychological features
At the age of three, the desire for separation from the adult sharply increases in the child. The kid increasingly says: “I myself”, “I want”, “I won’t”, and demonstrates his independence fromloved ones. This period is called the "crisis of three years."
The child acts contrary to any suggestions of an adult, becomes stubborn and throws tantrums “from scratch”. He strives to do everything the other way around, opposes the will of the elders;rejects what he used to do daily. At the same time, ohHe tries to independently do something for which he is objectively not yet ready.
Not all children have a crisis manifested in such acute negative forms. Someone reacts not so violently or very briefly in time. However, relationships with close adults and with oneself undergo significant changes in any case. There is a formation of own "I" of the child.
As the crisis emerges, the child ceases to oppose himself so desperately to the adult. He has a different way of self-affirmation: now he strives to achieve a result in his activity, and having achieved the desired one, he tries to demonstrate his successes to an adult and get his approval.
The child does not just put a cube on a cube - it is important for him to build the highest possible tower and hear praise from the parent: “What a tall tower! You did great!" Now the child looks at himself through the eyes of an adult, he becomes extremely sensitive to how others evaluate his achievements. This is how self-esteem and self-respect begin to form.
Tips for parents of a three-year-old
« » –test for the whole family. It is very important to go through it “correctly”, because the future of the child depends on how the parent-child relationship develops during this period.
There is no single recipe for how to respond to the tantrums of a three-year-old. The main thing is to make him understand that conflicts can be resolved in different ways.
The parent categorically prohibits some things, and the child will have to put up with it. You can’t run away from your mother near the roadway, it’s life-threatening, and there can be no way to show independence. A toddler may violently protest against the restriction of his freedom - scream and break out, however, in matters of health and safety, the adult's reaction should be unequivocal.
If we are talking about less serious disagreements, then you can use different tactics of behavior.
Sometimes it is necessary to distract the child - by talking or playing, to arrange a competition. For example, to offer a stubborn three-year-old to play "who will put on the jacket faster." In a playful way, you can collect toys for speed or brush your teeth with the doll.
Sometimes you can give in to the child, because he also has the right to his opinion and personal preferences. Doesn't want to eat semolina? Offer a choice of buckwheat or rice. Refusing to go to bed now? Read the book for another fifteen minutes. We are not talking about indulging the slightest whims, but sometimes it is worthwhile to meet halfway, showing respect for the desires and needs of the child.
In some situations, the baby needs to be given the opportunity to throw out his emotions, relieve stress and accept the situation as it is. If you decide not to buy a tenth car for your son, and he throws a scandal in the store, then there is nothing left but to wait out the storm. The demands to "shut your mouth" and "calm down now" will have the exact opposite effect. You just need to be there, hug, wipe your tears. You can even say nothing, much more important - tactile contact and attention.
In such situations, the adult himself must remain calm and try not to look at others, because most often the parents yell at the child, because they are “ashamed in front of people”.
When the child has cried and calmed down, you need to tell how to behave, explain why you did it this way and not otherwise. Educational conversations will be effective only if they take place in an atmosphere of calm and trust.
Important! It is at the age of three that the child realizes that his desires do not always coincide with the desire of others. If you do not extinguish every conflict situation with screams and, moreover, slaps, then the child masters different strategies of behavior and learns to reckon with the will of other people.
The crisis of three years will end sooner or later, but what the child learns as a result will remain with him for many years.