Business plans for opening. Ready-made business plans for small businesses with calculations

Business plan for small business: 4 main sections of the document + 2 specific examples of business plans.

small business business plan- the document that is the basis of any business.

It performs several important functions:

• helps to structure information;
• allows you to see "holes" in planning and identify risks;
• serves as a presentation for banks or potential investors;
• becomes a step-by-step guide for the entrepreneur.

Do you have a desire to create your own business, but do not manage to plan and execute the idea properly?

In this article, you will see an overview of the main sections of a standard small business business plan. Use the above structure as a template.

For a better understanding of the material, below are 2 ready-made business plans for implementing various ideas for small businesses.

Do not put off the implementation of the idea for the mythical “later”: in 90% of cases, the “good moment” never comes.

Grab a piece of paper and a pen and start sketching out your plan right now.

What is a small business?

Small business is one of the varieties of entrepreneurship.

This format provides that the number of employees will not exceed 100 people, and the annual revenue will not exceed 800 million rubles.

For a novice entrepreneur without a serious material (financial) base and experience, opening a small business is the only way to “get on their feet”.

A feature of this format is a quick payback + comparative simplicity in the implementation of the organizational plan.

The implementation of any idea requires a clear plan with accurate calculations.

A business plan is a "guide" for an entrepreneur, in which it is necessary to describe each stage of the process of translating your idea into reality.

Small Business Business Plan Structure

So, it is important to follow generally accepted standards when compiling this document.

The point is not at all that there are strict legislative standards for, without compliance with which it will be considered invalid.

But why invent a wheel when you can take into account the many years of experience of others in the small business industry and come up with a general form of a document?

Section 1: Small Business Summary

The summary of the business plan is a brief but informative description of the products produced + the timing of the implementation of the small business project and the definition of its financial feasibility.

The main purpose of the resume is to demonstrate the concept of a product (service).

• Ceiling height from 3 meters + special moisture-resistant coating.
• The floor is concrete or covered with moisture-resistant durable tiles. If the conditions are not as specified, rubber plates must be used (especially in the storage area).
• They provide a constant circulation of air, since fermentation processes are accompanied by the release of harmful substances.
• Wiring must support three phases - 380 V.
• The sewer system is provided with sufficiently voluminous outlet channels - to drain a large amount of liquid.
• Water supply is a must. If funds and the location of the brewery allow, it is possible to supply the production with water from its own well.

List of necessary equipment for a private brewery

Staff

Starting investment

Monthly investment

Payback periods

With a stable production of 100 liters of beer per day, you can count on earning 200,000 rubles per month (80,000 net profit per month).

Payback will be from 19 months.

Only the entrepreneur who puts his whole soul into the production of beer will be able to achieve high quality products.

The payback of the enterprise directly depends on the quality of the products sold, since the cost of beer is quite high + this drink is very popular in Russia.

For an aspiring entrepreneur who wants to start his own business, beer production is one of the current options.

To achieve top positions in the market, you will have to go a long way, because there is no such activity that would generate income without any effort.

Small business business plan: "Exit car service"

It is difficult not to pay attention to the growing number of cars on Russian roads.

If you doubt the profitability and feasibility of opening a project, evaluate the following fact: the number of cars is growing on a par with the average age of vehicles.

Just pay attention to the percentage of cars that are over 7 years old!

The fleet of the Russian Federation (“Age breakdown of the fleet”):

In this state of affairs, the situation when the car broke down on the road is not uncommon.

In this case, the qualified assistance of an auto mechanic is necessary.

Where there is a need for people, there is an opportunity to benefit the entrepreneur.

The purpose of such a small business, the idea of ​​which is considered in our business plan, is to provide repair services not in a specific service station, but “on the road”.

The scheme of work is as follows: the secretary receives the client's call, transmits information about the type of breakdown to the mechanics. Those, in turn, go to the scene.

The cost of services in the field is much higher.

This factor also affects the profitability of the enterprise.

Room for an exit car service

To open such a car service, you will need 2 rooms:

1. Office (about 30 sqm).
2. Garage (with an area of ​​50 sq. m.) for storing tools and repairing a car in emergency situations, as well as accommodating the company's personal vehicle fleet.

Standard requirements for office space:

• electricity;
• stable water supply;
• telecommunications;
• office furniture;
• ventilation system;
• fire safety at the proper level;
• stable heating.

Garage Requirements:

• electricity: 3 phases 380 V;
• water supply;
• concrete floor (or tiled floor);
• ventilation system;
• stable heating;
• high level of fire safety;
• heating;
• wide entrance gates.

Renting two premises will cost approximately 75,000 rubles. monthly.

Mobile car service equipment

Staff

Initial investment in the project

A business plan is a document that provides a detailed justification for the project and the ability to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of decisions made, planned activities, and answer the question of whether it is worth investing in this project.

The business plan should:

• show that the product or service will find its consumer, establish the capacity of the sales market and the prospects for its development;
• estimate the costs necessary for the manufacture and sale of products, the provision of works or services on the market;
• determine the profitability of future production and show its effectiveness for the enterprise (investor), for the local, regional and state budget.

The main functions of the business plan:

• is a tool with which an entrepreneur can evaluate the actual results of activities for a certain period;
• can be used to develop the concept of doing business in the future;
• acts as a tool to attract new investments;
• is a tool for implementing the company's strategy.

One of the most important stages of the planning process is the preparation of a business plan, which is necessary both for intra-company planning and for justifying the receipt of funds from an external source, i.e., obtaining money for a specific project in the form of bank loans, budget allocations, equity participation of other enterprises in the implementation of the project.

1. Business plan summary (brief abstract)
2. Goals and objectives of the project
3. Company Description
4. Analysis of the industry and its development trends
5. Target market
6. Competition
7. Strategic position and risk assessment
8. Marketing plan and sales strategy
9. Operating activities
10. Technology plan
11. organizational plan
12. Personnel plan
13. Financial plan
14. Social and environmental responsibility
15. Terms of business exit

How to write a business plan

Any form or sample business plan offered on the Internet provides only a general idea. Any business has its own characteristics, therefore, there cannot be a certain "standard" writing algorithm that is suitable in all cases. There is only one tried-and-true principle for any business plan: IT SHOULD ALWAYS BE SHORT.

Start with the right messages. As paradoxical as it sounds, for most entrepreneurs, a business plan as a document is one of the least important factors in raising capital.

• If the investor is inclined towards a positive decision, then a good business plan will become an additional argument for; but not the plan itself is the reason for this decision.
• If an investor is inclined to a negative decision, it is unlikely that the business plan will be able to convince him. In this case, the investor, most likely, will not even read this plan to the end.

Unfortunately, naive entrepreneurs believe that a business plan can cause an investor to delight and awe with an immediate request: “ Please tell me where to transfer the money».

Well, it doesn't hurt to dream. The correct and realistic motivation for writing a plan should be the following: which you downplayed in the first euphoria - for example, the customer service policy.

Finally, the plan reveals gaps in the founding team. If, after looking around the office, you realize that there is no one who could implement some key element of the plan, then someone is missing in the team.

All midnight, romantic, abstract dreams of changing the world become quite material and controversial, one has only to transfer them to paper. Thus, this document is not as important as the process leading to its creation. Even if you do not pursue the goal of raising capital, it is still worth writing a business plan.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING OUT

Title page and content. Start with the essentials: company name, address, phone number, and contact information for all founders, as well as a table of contents throughout the document.

Introduction. On no more than two pages, list all the most important things. First, tell us what the value of the project is: what your company will do, how much profit it will have, and why people will want to pay for your product or service. If you are sending the plan to investors, state the capital you will need and how you plan to use it. To highlight the essence, you need to imagine the big picture, so it is better to start this part after the completion of the entire plan.

Market opportunities. Explain to whom you will sell your product or service and why this group of consumers is attractive to you. Several key questions need to be answered. How big is the market? How fast does it grow? What are the growth opportunities and potential threats? How will you deal with them? Most of this information can be found through industry websites and media, official statistics, analyst reports, and even other business people. Be sure to indicate the source of the information.

Market Review. Make no mistake, your business is not unique. Try to look with a sober look and evaluate your opponents. Who are they? What are they selling? What part of the market do they occupy? Why would customers prefer your product or service over theirs? What obstacles may arise when entering this market? Do not forget about indirect competitors who are currently operating in a different segment, but have similar capabilities and may compete with you later.

Promotion of goods on the market. Describe how you will promote your products or services to the consumer. Conditions and organization of the sale of the product. What promotion channels will you use? In this section, describe pricing issues.

Company structure. Control. Staff. The execution is almost as important as the idea itself. Therefore, investors are interested in who is on your team. Attach resumes of all founders, partners and leaders: what are their skills and achievements. This should also include information about the legal form of the enterprise and its internal organizational structure, the state of the enterprise.

Business model. This section includes a detailed description of all sources of income (product sales, services) and the company's cost structure (payroll, rent, operating costs). Describe the premises, equipment, technologies, schemes of production flows. Make sure you mention and justify all possible income and expenses. In addition, include the names of the main suppliers and buyers. In fact, this section is the production plan of the future company.

Financial indicators and forecasts. Make a forecast for profits, losses and cash flows (receipt-expenses) for at least three years ahead (it is advisable to break the first year into quarters or even months). Also provide an analysis that shows how soon the initial investment will pay off.

Risks. Don't wait for trouble to find out how your business will handle it. Work out possible scenarios: worst, best and average, as well as what you will do to reduce the negative impact of risks or even prevent them. Make sure you have enough money to weather any storm. If you insure risks, write down the amounts you will insure and the types of insurance policies.

Sources of funds and their use. If you are trying to raise money from investors, they will want to know how you plan to spend your capital. In this section, you need to indicate the estimated costs of launching: premises, purchase of new equipment, company logo design, etc. Most entrepreneurs underestimate the cost of starting a new business. Therefore, conduct research in advance, before contacting investors.

Applications. This may include a resume, creditworthiness information, market overview, diagrams, promotion plan, copies of contracts, including leases, letters of guarantee from future clients, patent and trademark registration certificates, partnership agreements, company registration certificate.

10 mistakes when writing a business plan

According to professional project managers, there are 10 things that should not be written in a business plan.

1. "Dead Souls". A common mistake entrepreneurs make when preparing a business plan is to include information about certain executive members who, in fact, have nothing to do with the team. Information about consultants should be given reliable, because the investor may wish to communicate with them personally.
2. "Homework". There is no need to be zealous, indulging in confusing descriptions of the entire range of products and services. This will only overload your plan with a large size, which is not at all good for you, because the investor must get to the very essence from the first pages, otherwise further reading will not make sense for him.
3. "Invented Characters". All biographies of board members, founders must be extremely honest and not embellished.
4. "Who, when and how". In marketing plans, you need to rely only on the offers that actually exist.
5. "Year after year". You cannot submit financial plans in a business plan broken down exclusively by year. As mentioned above, the forecast for the first year should be made on a monthly basis and show seed funding, and then a quarterly breakdown for the next period. The investor must see when the full return on investment will take place and whether the investment will pay off.
6. "Monopoly". There is always competition and similar products or services, the consumer market is not that big, and it takes a lot of effort to implement a business plan. Therefore, in the text, phrases about the absence of competition, a huge market that has no analogues, products or services, and the simple implementation of the project should be abandoned.
7. "Hockey stick". Financial indicators categorically cannot, when viewed graphically, be a curve in the form of a hockey stick, i.e., profit falling from the very beginning and boundlessly striving upward in the future. The most ingenious idea, with its payback, will give rise to competition, so incomes cannot grow indefinitely.
8. "No counting indicators." The market should be assessed by you from different angles in quantitative terms: perspective, market share, customers. Otherwise, you are incompetent.
9. "Promises". It is not necessary to stipulate in the business plan possible financial injections that are at an unfinished stage. You either have funding or you don't.
10. "Something like that." Your business plan must operate with exact numbers. You must clearly understand the scope of fixed, variable, direct, indirect and outsourcing costs.

Print out your business plan. Set aside all pages, starting with the third. Reread the first two pages - do they make you want to read the rest of the document? Brevity, simplicity, clarity - strike out everything superfluous.

Having polished your plan to a shine, do not send it to gather dust in a distant drawer. “The business plan is just the beginning of the process. Planning the activities of an enterprise is like navigating a ship at sea: you need to constantly adjust the course. The plan itself is of little value. It is important to go back to it and see where you were wrong and what it cost you.

We wish you success! All in your hands!

• 1. Sample business plan
  • 1.1. Business plan sections
  • 1.2. Project description
  • 1.3. Production plan
  • 1.4. Marketing plan
  • 1.5. Financial plan

Each company in the course of its activities must clearly understand the needs for all types of resources, as well as be able to accurately calculate the amount of funds needed to implement their business ideas. In a market economy, it is necessary to be able to plan, regularly analyze the internal and external environment, evaluate your own prospects and opportunities. For clarity, consider a sample business plan with calculations. Also at the very end of the article, you can download a detailed grocery store business plan.

Web studio business plan - sample with calculations

1. Sample business plan

The article presents a sample business plan with calculations for starting a website development company. Today, many companies decide to open their representative office on the Internet. As a result, there is a need to create an official website.

A business plan is an official document that will subsequently be presented to potential investors and partners. Therefore, when developing it, certain principles should be followed.

1.1. Business plan sections

• introduction,
• (brief description of the project and main financial indicators),
• project description,
• analysis of the company's capabilities,
• production plan,
• marketing plan,
• financial plan,
• risk analysis,
• conclusion,
• links to sources.

1.2. Project description

The projected company is created for the purpose of developing websites and their subsequent placement on the Internet. The company's product is a website, made in accordance with the client's requests, the chosen concept and functionality. The average price of a website (based on the arithmetic mean) will be 64 thousand rubles.

At the moment, the development stage of the project is evaluated as a business idea. The objective of the project is to position itself in the market as a professional company creating websites of varying complexity, with a modern concept and user-friendly interface.

When recruiting, it is planned to look for professional layout designers and web designers based on an assessment of their portfolio (CV).

1.3. Production plan

For the implementation of the business project, it is planned to spend 200 thousand rubles of own funds and 800,000 rubles - borrowed funds in the form of a bank loan, i.e. all in all 1 million rubles.

All information is given as an example - this business plan is a sample with approximate calculations

At the moment, the IT-technologies segment is in the stage of dynamic growth. As a result of the penetration of broadband access into the regions of Russia, the development of mobile and wireless data transmission networks, there has been an increase in Internet users.

The preparatory period for the opening of the project is planned to be completed in full within six months.

The staff of the company will consist of 6 people: CEO, accountant, workers and four programmers, each of which is responsible for a specific project and is a highly specialized specialist.

Web studio staff

Estimated payroll will amount to 1659 thousand rubles. in the first year, 1893 thousand rubles. in the second year and 1962 thousand rubles. in the third year of the project.

Estimated revenue for the first year will amount to 3793.93 thousand rubles, for the second year - 6140.19 thousand rubles, and for the third year - 6278.12 thousand rubles.

Acquisition costs fixed assets are estimated at 634.88 thousand rubles. The amount of depreciation deductions is not calculated, since the organization will work on a simplified taxation system.

Cost of services provided in 2015 - 3918.55 thousand rubles, in 2016 - 3491.906 thousand rubles and in 2017 - 3527.547 thousand rubles, respectively. The decrease in cost in 2016 compared to 2015 is due to the write-off of the cost of fixed assets, and the increase in cost in 2017 compared to 2016 is due to an increase in the cost of staff salaries, the purchase of consumables for the subsequent creation of services. It should be noted that business plan calculation samples depend on the specific economic situation in the country.

1.4. Marketing plan

Marketing expenses are estimated at 13% of revenue in 2015, 4.2% in 2016 and 4.15% in 2017.

1.5. Financial plan

The financial results of the project implementation are estimated as follows. In the first year of operation, the financial result will be negative and the loss in 2015 will amount to 124.62 thousand rubles.

In 2016, the profit will be 2,648,284 rubles, and the maximum profit of 2,750,573 rubles will be achieved in 2017.

Cumulative net profit at the end of 2015 will be -230.807 thousand rubles, at the end of 2016 - +1813.725 thousand rubles, and at the end of 2017 - +4215.028 thousand rubles.

We will calculate the effectiveness of investments for the project

1. Net present value:
   NPV = 2947.435 rubles.
2. Internal rate of return (IRR):
   2947.435 / (1 + x) 3 = 100 * 0.579;
   2947.435 = 57.9 * (1 + x) 3;
   (1 + x) 3 = 50.91;
   x = 2.71, IRR = 271%.
3. Yield Index (PI):
   PI = A / KV = 2947.435 / 1000.0 = 2.647
   Index of return on investment > 1. This indicates that this project is effective.
4. Payback period (PP):
   PP = 2 + = 2 + 0.7 = 2.7 quarters
5. Discounted payback period (DPP):
   DPP = 3 + = 3 + 0.74 = 3.74 quarters

Thus, the payback period of the business project is 3.74 quarters, and a year after the start of the project, a guaranteed return of the loan and income will be made if the specified conditions for the implementation of the project are met.

2. How to write a business plan - video + ready sample

This sample includes all the main points and necessary calculations and can be used as an example of a business plan for your own development. It should also be noted that a detailed business plan sample with calculations can be bought from specialized companies.

You can also view the detailed grocery store business plan.

3. Write and implement a business plan

Now that you know about the basic principles of writing a specific business plan, try to implement your old business idea. Carefully consider each step, the business plan should be drawn up taking into account the characteristics of the market you are going to enter.

Here is a simple example of a business plan. It should be borne in mind that this is only one of the possible options, and filed in a very concise form.

Target: To produce confectionery, mainly cakes, for the inhabitants of the city. Take a leading position in the upper price segment in this market.

Tasks:
1. Create a compact pastry shop.
2. Provide the production process with the necessary raw materials and labor, part of which will be hired.
3. Initially occupy 30% of the market segment through the implementation of the developed marketing strategy, which involves squeezing out the main competitors with dumping prices and new recipes for the consumer.
4. Attract the missing investment funds in the bank on the security of the available real estate.

An example of drawing up a business plan for an enterprise

Consider an example of a manufacturing business plan. It is planned to open a small atelier for tailoring. Consider how promising this business is in a particular market.

1. Summary. Opening of a small production from January 1, 2014. Form of ownership - LLC. The planned term is 42 months.

2. General provisions. Purchase of equipment that will allow the use of a variety of fabrics and various finishes. It is planned to partially raise borrowed funds for the purchase of equipment and rent of premises. The tailoring service will be provided to the population, as well as legal entities in need of special clothing, as well as tailoring of curtains and bedding for subsequent sale.

3. Market analysis and marketing plan. There are currently 350 companies on the market. Due to strict adherence to deadlines and quality, it is planned to create a positive image of the company, which will allow it to occupy a niche in the market.

4. Costs. Estimated direct and variable costs, including wages and rent of premises, for 3 years will amount to 13.5 million rubles. Of these, own funds 50 million rubles. The planned volume of sales will amount to 15 million rubles, which, minus tax deductions, will make it possible to bring the project to payback by the end of the third year.

5. Production schedule. Release of 1000 units of goods.

6. Investments. Attracting partners on the terms of joint business.

Brief Example Business Plan

If you have to open a shoe repair shop, then in the most general form, the development of a business plan using an example looks like this:

• - Fixed costs (equipment) - 300 thousand rubles.
• - Variable costs (threads, glue, rent) - 10 thousand rubles.
• – Required investment – ​​100 thousand rubles in the form of a bank loan at 23% per annum for 10 years with a progressive scale and a 1-year repayment delay.
• – Form of ownership – IP
• – Tax deductions of 24 thousand rubles.
• – Planned revenue – 20 thousand rubles per month.
• - Revenue for 1 year - 97 thousand rubles.
• - Financial result - 73 thousand rubles.

As a result, the entrepreneur has a reason to invest in this project. The margin of safety is large enough so that possible deviations from the predicted values ​​do not lead to financial collapse.

An example of a business plan with calculations

Opening a small store that sells used children's items also requires a preliminary assessment. Enterprise business plan example:

The assessment of goods purchased from the population will be made on the basis of the cost of 1 kg.
First you need to make an assortment of 100 units.
The cost of 1 kg is 400 conventional units. One product weighs an average of 1 kg. Thus, the cost of goods will be 100 * 100 = 40,000 c.u. The cost of replenishing working capital will be 100 units, which equals 10,000 USD. per month
The rent of the premises will be 10,000 USD.
Variable costs, including advertising and contingencies - $10

Sales volume in the first 6 months will be 130 items per month;
in the next - 280 products per month.
The unit price will be on average $250.
Revenue for 1 year = 130 * 250 * 12 + 280 * 250 * 12 = (10,000 * 12,000 + 40,000 + 10,000 * 12 + 10,000 * 12,000) = 420,195 - 361,240 = 58,955.
The tax will be 25,000 USD.
Financial result - 33 955 USD

At first glance, the business seems attractive, given the low entry costs and quick payback, but after performing a simple calculation, the entrepreneur will come to the conclusion that the profitability is very low and, although the risk is low (the product is in stable demand), it is unprofitable to engage in this business without reaching the scale .

View sample business plan

Schematically, planning, for example, growing vegetables looks like this:

1. Summary. This is a summary of the remaining pages.
2. Marketing part. Who will be the buyer and how will it be possible to win the market? Estimated part - 5 tons of carrots at 100,000 USD
3. Costs. Rent of a land plot and inventory - 27,000 c.u.
Remuneration of hired labor - 30,000 USD.
4. Revenue- 23 c.u.
5. Sources of funding. Bank loan for 50,000 c.u. at 18% per annum for 10 years.
6. Financial result- 9 c.u.

This activity, if the pessimistic scenario is fulfilled, will not bring income at all in the first year. In addition, an entrepreneur will be able to fully work and invest in development only after repaying the entire loan amount.

Download ready-made examples of business plans

On this resource you can download examples of business plans for free. Downloading the file makes it possible to get acquainted with more detailed calculation options that will allow not only to understand the essence, but also to make, by analogy, your own calculation-justification for the expediency of investing.

If there is no experience at all, it is not at all necessary to order the development of a specialized company. It is enough to get acquainted with an example of planning for a similar activity, where you can study in detail the features of market analysis and calculation of production costs for a particular business.

To download, click on the link:

Be sure to watch the video: “What is a business plan?”

Every successful entrepreneur can confidently say that a well-written business plan acts as one of the most important elements in building your own business. Understanding how to correctly design a future enterprise, you can predict a positive result when contacting a credit institution or an investor. Let's consider further the basic rules for writing a business plan.

Purpose of the document

Writing a business plan (an example project will be discussed below) can be done in various ways. There are various aids for this. However, in most of them the information is very specific and understandable only to economists or accountants. Along with this, the need to draw up a business plan arises for all start-up entrepreneurs. The document is necessary for submission to a credit institution, obtaining a loan from an investor to develop the business at the initial stages. In addition, a business plan allows you to see the immediate and upcoming goals, predict capital investments for one or another, foresee the moment when the first profit arrives, and calculate the total income from activities.

The specifics of enterprises

To obtain a loan for the construction of a plant or factory, it is more advisable to contact the relevant organizations that can provide qualified assistance in writing a business plan. In this case, the document will contain economic calculations and be supported by financial documents drawn up in accordance with all the rules for their execution. A business plan drawn up in this way can, without hesitation, be sent to both foreign investors and domestic credit companies. However, in this case, it should be understood that the services for designing a project for a future enterprise will not be cheap. To open a mobile shop or a clothing or shoe repair shop, for example, there is no need to study or calculate industry risks in detail. In this case, it will be quite competent to organize production, determine the sales market, and predict enterprises. The program for writing a business plan for such an activity will be understandable to a novice entrepreneur.

Important point

Entrepreneurs who have a fairly large experience in doing business do not recommend unconditionally relying on the experience of acquaintances or friends and only on their own intuition. Forecasting activity does not appear as an obsolete component of socialist reality. Planning is an essential element of modern business. Analysis of payback periods, determination of periods of investment, development and subsequent returns are the most important aspects even with a relatively small investment. Concepts such as "market" and "plan" are fundamental both in the East and in the West. At the present stage of economic development, it is enough to adopt the experience of successful companies and get positive results.

Business Plan Sample

The project of the future business is necessary for the investor, as well as for the entrepreneur himself. The structure of writing a business plan includes a number of mandatory points. These include, in particular:

• introduction;
• a brief description of the future enterprise;
• assessment of the sales market, competition, investment risks;
• production formation plan;
• forecasts for the sale of services / goods;
• financial plan;
• management organization;
• staffing;
• Appendix.

Adaptation to the Russian market

The above plan for writing a business plan is recommended by Western analysts. However, in the practice of domestic entrepreneurship, some of its points require clarification and additional interpretation. So, taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian business sphere, the plan for writing a business plan should include a section that reveals an adequate understanding of the problems and issues related to the quality of services and goods. Here it is necessary to give possible solutions to them. It is also advisable to add a paragraph to the plan for writing a business plan that describes the ability to competently manage and regulate the cost of services / products. In the same section, it is worth revealing ways to ensure its competitiveness. Another additional item will be a clear vision of the prospects for the development of the enterprise, guarantees in the ability to bring the matter to the end.

Plan for writing a business plan: independent work

First of all, it is necessary to clearly assess the competitiveness of the proposed services or goods, analyze the sales market, the timing of the first profit, the time during which the investment will pay off. The next step is to determine the amount of required capital investment. Experts recommend dividing the investment into several parts, backing up the rationale with appropriate calculations. Given the above points, it should be understood that a self-composed business plan may be fundamentally different from the above structure. It should also be noted that there is no project form regulated by norms and standards. Each entrepreneur has the right to independently establish a list of items, the amount of documentation for enterprise planning. However, if outside investment is required to open a business, the above scheme should still be followed.

Introduction

This section of the business plan is a presentation of the future enterprise. It should describe the type of activity in an understandable form in the most optimistic light. It often happens that the introduction is the only section that the investor reads on his own and immediately decides whether to take the project into development or reject it. The study of the remaining parts, which display calculations, marketing research, financial justification, he will entrust to his specialists. However, as practice shows, it is the introduction that decides the fate of the project. This section should be short and concise at the same time.

Characteristics of the industry and enterprise

This is the next important part of the business plan. This section provides a general description of the enterprise and industry:

• Financial indicators.
• Personnel composition.
• Direction of activity.
• Company structure.
• List and description of services/products.
• Development prospects and so on.

The section should contain the characteristics of the proposed production, a number of technological aspects. These points should be described in simple and accessible language. There is no point in delving into terminology, using a professional style. In this case, it is enough to indicate the uniqueness of services or products, the demand in the near and foreseeable future. You can also draw the attention of the investor to the advantages of the products offered.

Marketing research

Here you should describe the conditions under which consumers become customers of the enterprise. The section outlines methods of sales promotion, formation of a positive image, distribution of services / goods. The marketing plan includes a list of advertising costs. In essence, you should justify how and why consumers will purchase a service or product.

Production

This section should be described. Here, the characteristics of the premises are given, the established requirements for equipment and personnel are indicated. The production plan should also describe suppliers and contractors.

Organization of the enterprise and financial component

The business plan should contain a description of the form of management, the tasks of the specialists of the administrative apparatus. For a domestic investor, a resume for each member of the management department is important. In this regard, in this section it is worth listing the partners, noting as truthfully and objectively the contribution of each of them to the development of the enterprise, functional responsibilities and role in the company. The financial part contains economic calculations. In particular, a table of income and expenses is compiled, a balance sheet is forecast, variable and direct costs are indicated, performed, and so on. Three forecasts are usually developed in this section: realistic, optimistic and pessimistic. They are displayed as graphs.