§6 Color mixing. Optical and mechanical color mixing Triangles. We divide each side of an equilateral triangle into three equal parts and connect the resulting points with lines parallel to the sides of the triangle

rTPVMENB YURPMSH'PCHBOYS GCHEFB - PDOB Y UBNSHCHI UMPTSOSCHI Y NOPZPZTBOOSCHI CH BTIYFELFKhTE. tBMYUOSCHE BURELFSHCH YFPK RTPVMENSCH FTEVHAF DMS UCHPEZP TEYOYOS UCHNEUFOSHCHI KHUYMYK BTIYFELFPTPCH Y RTEDUFBCHYFEMEK EUFEUFCHEOOOSCHI Y FPUOSCHI OBHL. FTHDOP ULBBFSH, YuEK CHLMBD CH TBCHYFYE OBKHLY P GCHEFE VPMSHIE: ZHYYLB oSHAFPOB YMY IHDPTSOYLB MEPOBTDP DB CHOYUY, ZHYYPMPZB LTBCHLPCHB YMY RPFB ZEFE. pFMYUOSCHE TEHMSHFBFSCH DBCHBMB FCHPTYUEULBS DTHTSVB, UCHSSCHCHBAEBS MADEK UBNSCHI TBOSCHI RTPZHEUUIK. BLPOSHCH PRFYUEULPZP UNEYEYOYS GCHEFCH, YJHYUEOYEN LP-FPTSCHI BOINBMUS ZHYYL YECHTEMSH, RPMPTSYMY OBYUBMP FCHPTYUEULPK MBVPTBFPTYY IHDPTSOILB UETB. ZEFE, PRYUBCH ЪBUOETSEOOSCHE bMShRSCH CH UCHPEN RYUSHNE YUEYULPNKH ZHYYYPMPZH rHTLYOE, RPNPZ RPUMEDOENKH UZHPTNKHMYTPCHBFSH "LZhZHELF rHTLYOE".

BDBYuY, TEYBENSCHE GCHEFPN CH YOFETSHETE, NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCH Y TBOPUPFTPOOY. "VE GCHEFB BTIYFELFHTB OECHSCHTBYFEMSHOB, UMERB - ZPCHPTYF FEP CHBO dHUVHTZ, PDYO dv RTEDUFBCHYFEMEK ZTHRRSCH" De uFYMSh "J RTPDPMTSBEF - rPFTEVOPUFSh UPCHTENEOOPZP YUEMPCHELB B GCHEFE FBL CE CHEMYLB, LBL RPFTEVOPUFSH B UCHEFE, DCHYTSEOYY (FBOGE) J DBTSE B CHHLBI. CHUE FFP - PUOPCHOSHE JBLFPTSCH CH TSOYOY UPCTENEOOSHCHI MADEK, YI UPCHTENEOOBS "OETCHOBS UYUFENB".

CH FYI UMPCHBI - RTJOBOYE BL GCHEFPN URPUPVOPUFY CHSHUFHRBFSH CH LBYUEUFCHE OBLPCH PGEOPYuOPZP IBTBLFETB, PTYEOFYTPCHBFSH YuEMPCHELB CH RTPUFTBOUFCHE. OP PPP Misa PDOB ZTRRB Obdbu PofpPampZyuyulpzp RBBob, Pveureyuchbayei Retchchchki CHTPCHT Ptzboji Bthyfelfhtopzp RTPULTBOUFFCHB, LPDB Gchef Urpupweo CHRPMOSFSH TPMSH VYPPFUZYUYUY OPVIPDIFBAFT. OE NEOEE CHBTSOPK SCHMSEFUS GCHEFB Y ABOUT RPUMEDHAEYI HTPCHOSI, LPZDB GCHEF RPNPZBEF CHSHCHSCHMSFSH JHOLGYPOBMSHOHA Y UENBOFYUEULHA OBYUYNPUFSH RTPUFTBOUFCHB.

UPDBOYE GCHEFPPK UTEDSCH, PVMBDBAEEK RTJOBLPN GEMSHOPUFY Y BLPOYUEOOPUFY, FTEVHEF LPNRMELUOPZP RPDIPDB L PRTEDEMEOYA ZTBOYG Y GEMEK YURPMSH'PCHBOIS GCHEFB CH YOFETSHETE. FIs EUFSH, ZTHRRB LPNRPYGYPOOSCHI BDBYU, B RTPGEUUE TEYEOYS LPFPTSCHI BTIYFELFPT URPUPVEO CHSCHSCHYFSH J RPDYUETLOHFSH have RPNPESHA GCHEFB MPZYLH PVYAENOP-RTPUFTBOUFCHEOOPK UFTHLFHTSCH, OEPFDEMYNB PF BDBYU RP UPDBOYA RUYIPZHYYPMPZYYUEULPZP LPNZHPTFB RPNEEEOYY H, J RTEOEVTETSEOYE MAVPK dv UFPTPO GCHEFPCHPZP CHPDEKUFCHYS PRBUOP J YUTECHBFP RPUMEDUFCHYSNY. chEMYLPMEROP PIBTBLFETYPCHBM FH UREGYZHYLH GCHEFB UPCHTENEOOSCHK ZHTBOGHULYK YUUMEDPCHBFEMSH tsBL chShEOP "gChEF URPUPVEO Chueh ON: ON NPTSEF TPDYFSH UCHEF, HURPLPEOYE YMY CHPVHTSDEOYE tO NPTSEF UPDBFSH ZBTNPOYA YMY CHSCHCHBFSH RPFTSUEOYE; PF OEZP NPTSOP TSDBFSH YUHDEU, OP IN NPTSEF CHSCHCHBFSH J LBFBUFTPZHH.".

Очовей чефпчистчиства блапппопнофуфкуфкух гефппЧПЧП Чпъдекуфчисс, PCBBDeeu Nephpdilpk lletinofbmshopk RTP accounts, HueF Chestchmeoopopki Defemshopufuek h Rtpelfopk Desfemshopufi - Oterteneoophe Khumpcheu RTPHUYUUFEFUKEFTPTPH. CHEDSH UEZPDOS, RP UMPCHBN Zh. m. pChMBDEOYE NEFPDYLPK PGEOLY Y ZHPTNYTPCHBOYS GCHEFPPK UTEDSCH SCHMSEFUS CHBTsOPK UPUFBCHOPK YUBUFSHHA RPDZPFPCHLY UFHDEOFPC-BTIYFELFPTPCH.

YOZHPTNBGYPOOBS UHEOPUFSH GCHEFB

EUMY RPRTPUYFSH UPVEUEDOYLB PLTBUIFSH DCHB LCHBDTBFB ABOUT VKHNBZE CH LTBUOSCHK Y UYOYK GCHEFB, FP ЪBDBYUB VHDEF YNEFSH OEPRTEDEMEOOOSCHK CHYD Y NOPTSEUFCHP TEYOYOK. OP RTY RPUFBOPCHLE BDBYUY NPTSOP RTEDHUNPFTEFSH PZTBOYYUEOYS LPMYYUEUFCHEOOPZP YMY LBYUEUFCHEOOPZP RMBOB, BDBCH UCHEFMPFH, OBUSCHEEOOPUFSH YMY GCHEFPCHPK FPO PVTBGPCH MYVP RTEDMPTSYCH have RPNPESHA GCHEFPCHPZP UPYUEFBOYS CHSCHCHBFSH X TYFEMS PRTEDEMEOOPE OBUFTPEOYE.
BDBYUB "LTBUOPE-UYOEEE" RPMHYUYMB GEMECHHA HUFBOPCHLH. rTY VPMSHYPK UCHPVVPDE CH CHSHVPTE YЪPVTB-ЪFEMSHOSHCHI UTEDUFCH POB CHUE-FBLY UFBMB VPMEE PRTEDEMEOOOPK. tbkhneefus, rtednefosche buupgybgyy x lbtsdpzp yuempchchelb chshchchchkhff uchpe rtedufbchmeoye p gchefe "ltbuopk yetoy" i "fkhnboop-uyoyi szpd", op ffp vkhdef vkhdef upyuefboye umptsoschi, "mpnpchol.

RTYOYNBS GCHEFPPCHPE TEYOYE, BTIYFELFPT RSHCHFBEFUS RTEDPREDEMYFSH TEBLGYA TYFEMS YCH PRTEDEMEOOOPK NET RTPZTBNNYTHEF FFH TEBLGYA. rTPZOP GCHEFPCHPZP CHPDEKUFCHYS DEMBEFUS ON PUOPCHBOYY OBOYK J RTEDUFBCHMEOYK, LPFPTSCHE YNEAFUS X BTIYFELFPTB, RHFEN LPNRMELUOPZP YUUMEDPCHBOYS RTPVMENSCH, RPUFTPEOYS PVPVEEOOPZP UYUFENOPZP FBMPOB "GCHEFPCHBS UTEDB" LCA DBOOPK LPOLTEFOPK UYFHBGYY. yHYuEOYE GCHEFPCHPZP CHPDEKUFCHYS YNEEF NOPZPCHELPCHHA YUFPTYA, J OBYYNY UEZPDOSYOYNY UCHEDEOYSNY P TEBLGYSI YUEMPCHEYUEULPZP PTZBOYNB ON GCHEFPCHSCHE TBDTBTSEOYS CHOEYOEK UTEDSCH NShch PVSBOSCH LBL BRTYPTOSCHN DBOOSCHN IHDPTSOYLPCH BTIYFELFPTPCH TH, TH FBL ZHBLFPMPZYYUEULPNH NBFETYBMH J CHSCHCHPDBN, UDEMBOOSCHN RTEDUFBCHYFEMSNY FPYUOSCHI OBHL. OP OE NEOEE CHBTSOPK Y OHTSOPK SCHMSEFUS UFBDYS PUNSHUMEOYS LFYI DBOOSCHI U RPYGYK DYBMELFYUEULPZP NBFETYIBMYYNB, CHCHTBVPFLY PUOPCHOSHI LBFEZPTYK.

ABOUT RTPFSEOY CHELCH UPVYTBMYUSH Y OBLBRMYCHBMYUSH UCHEDEOYS P TPMY GCHEFB, UFTPIMBUSH GCHEFPCHBS UYinchpmyilb. oBHLB H RTPGEUUE TBCHYFYS RTPCHETYMB J UYUFENBFYYTPCHBMB FY UCHEDEOYS, OP VE HYUEFB IHDPTSEUFCHEOOPZP J LHMSHFHTOPZP OBUMEDYS, VE YUHCHUFCHEOOPZP PUNSCHUMEOYS GCHEFPCHPZP CHPDEKUFCHYS VSCHMY R ™ £ OECHPNPTSOSCH ZHPTNYTPCHBOYE J UFBOPCHMEOYE UYUFENOPZP RPDIPDB J UPCHTENEOOBS UFBDYS YURPMSHPCHBOYS DBOOSCHI P TPMY GCHEFB H YUEMPCHEYUEULPK TSYOY.

rTPVMENB GCHEFB YULMAYUYFEMSHOP UMPTSOB, CHPDEKUFCHYE GCHEFB BLFYCHOP J NOPZPHTPCHOECHP - Chueh FP DYLFHEF OEPVIPDYNPUFSH UPYUEFBOYS LMBUUYYUEULYI NEFPDPCH MPZYYUEULPZP PRYUBOYS have NEFPDBNY FPYUOSCHI OBHL, YURPMSHPCHBOYS NEFPDPCH UYUFENOPZP BOBMYB B YHYUEOYY FPK RTPVMENSCH have RPYGYK NBTLUYUFULPK DYBMELFYLY. TEBLGYS YUEMPCHELB ABOUT GCHEF YNEEF LPNRMELUOSCHK IBTBLFET Y OEULPMSHLP BURELFPCH; BURELF ZHYYPMPZYYUEULYK, LPZDB OBYE PEHEEOYE PF RTYNEOEOOPK GCHEFPCHPK ZTHRRSCH YMY PFDEMSHOPZP GCHEFB BCHYUYF PF UYMSCH J URELFTBMSHOPZP UPUFBCHB YMHYUEOYS PF RTPDPMTSYFEMSHOPUFY CHPDEKUFCHYS EZP OBVMADBFEMS OF, PF HUMPCHYK OBVMADEOYS; BURELF RUYIPMPZYUEULYK, RTYOBAEIK ЪB GCHEFPN UBNPUFPSFEMSHOKHA Y BLFIYCHOKHA TPMSh, URPUPVOPUFSH CHSHCHSHCHCHBFSH BUUPGYBGYY Y Y NPGYPOBMSHOP PLTBYCHBFSH TEBLGYA YuEMPCHELB; BURELF YUFEFYYUEULYK, YUIPDOK RTEDRPUSHMLPK LPFPTPZP SCHMSEFUS RTYOBOYE bb GCHEFPN URPUPVOPUFY ZBTNPOYJPCHBFSH GCHEFPCHHA UIENH YOFETSHETB. eUFEUFCHEOOOSCHE OBHLY OBLPRYMY VPMSHYPK LLURETYNEOFBMSHOSHCHK NBFETYBM P CHMYSOY GCHEFB ABOUT YuEMPCHEYUEULYK PTZBOYIN.

NEFPDSCH PGEOLY GCHEFPCHPZP CHPDEKUFCHYS CHLMAYUBAF PRTPU, YURPMSHPCHBOYE FEUFPCHSCHI FBVMYG J YOUFTHNEOFBMSHOSCHE BNETSCH, FBL LBL RUYIPZHYYPMPZYYUEULBS TEBLGYS YUEMPCHELB ON GCHEF PVYASUOSEFUS OBMYYUYEN UCHSY NETSDH GCHEFPCHSCHN TEOYEN J CHEZEFBFYCHOPK OETCHOPK UYUFENPK (RP DBOOSCHN m. PTVEMY, y. LTBChLPChB Q DT.). OBYVPMEE RPMOP YЪHYUEOB ZHYYYPMPZYUEULBS UPUFBCHMSAEBS SFPC TEBLGIY. h OBYUBME OBYEZP CHELB RPSCHYMYUSH TBVPFSh n. dPZEMS, fTYCHKHUB, uFEZHBOEULKh-zPBOZB, Ch LPFPTSCHI BCHFPTSCH HLBSCCHCHBMY OB UHEEUFCHPCHBOYE RTSNPK IBCHYUYNPUFY NETSDH YЪNEOEOYSNNY GCHEFPCHPZP PUCHEEEEOIS Y YUBUFPFPK Y BNRMEFSHUBKHD UFEZHBOEUULKh-zPBOZ PDOIN Y' RETCHSCHI RTCHEM PRSHCHFSCH, CH LPFPTSCHI NEFPD UMPCHEUOPZP PRTPUB UPYUEFBMUS U NEFPDPN Y'NETEOIS TSDB ZHYYPMPZYYUEULYI RPLBBOIK (1911). RP EZP DBOOSCHN, GCHEFB RKhTRHTOSHCHK, LTBUOSCHCHK, PTBOTSECHSHCHK, TSEMFSHCHK CHSHCHSHCHCHBMY H YuEMPCHELB HYUBEEOYE Y HUYMEOYE RHMSHUB, RTYUEN OBYVPMEE PFUEFMYCHSHCHNY VSCHMY YNEOEOYS RTY LTBUOPN GCHEFE. RPD DEKUFCHYEN BEMEOPZP, UYOEZP, ZPMKHVPZP Y ZJPMEFPCHPZP GCHEFPCH OBVMADBMBUSH PVTBFOBS TEBLGYS, F.E.

YUUMEDPCHBOIS RPUMEDOYI MEF (b. oENYUYU, 1970) YOFETEUOPK PLBBMBUSH TBVPFB l. ZPMSHDYFEKOB (1927). bCHFPT YЪHYUBM CHPDEKUFCHIE ABOUT YUEMPCCHELB VPMSHYPK, YOFEOUYCHOP PLTBIEOOOPK RMPULPUFY. yNETSS TBUUFPSOYE NETSDH CHSCHFSOHFSCHNY CHRETED THLBNY BY CHSCHSUOYM, YUFP RPD CHMYSOYEN FERMSCHI GCHEFPCH, J H RETCHHA PYUETEDSH LTBUOPZP, YURSCHFHENSCHE TBDCHYZBMY THLY J, OBPVPTPF, UCHPDYMY YEE RPD CHMYSOYEN FBLYI And PMPDOSCHI GCHEFPCH, LBL UYOYK J EMEOSCHK. h LOYSE "pTZBOYEN" l. ZPMSHDYFEKO RYYEF, UFP "GCHEF PLBSHCHCHBEF UFYNKHMYTHAEEEE CHMYSOYE ABOUT YUEMPCHE-YUEULYK PTZBOYIN". rP EZP NOOEOYA, GCHEF CHMYSEF ABOUT IBTBLFET Y ULPTPUFSH DCHYTSEOIK. YOFHYFICHOBS PGEOLB TBUUFPSOIK, CHTENEOOSHHI YOFETCHBMPCH, CHEUB RTEDNEFB OEPDYOBLPCHB RPD CHPDEKUFCHYEN TBMYUOSCHI GCHEFPCH.

vPMSHYPE LPMYUEUFCHP YUUMEDPCHBOIK VSHMP RTPCHEDEOP RP PGEOLE CHMYSOIS UTEDOECHPMOPCHPK YUBUFY URELFTB (PVMBUFSH CEMFP-YEMEOSHCHI GCHEFCH)

PRSCHFShch e. ​​uENEOPCHULPK (1948), v. BTEGLPK (1950) RPLBBMY, YuFP RPD DEKUFCHYEN LTBUOPZP GCHEFB WOYTSBEFUSS LMELFTYUEULBS YUHCHUFCHYFEMSHOPUFSH ZMBBB; RTY BDBRFBGYY L BEMEOPNH GCHEFH OBVMADBMPUSH PVTBFOPE SCHMEOYE. CHOHFTYZMBOPE DBCHMEOYE (RP DBOOSCHN u. lTBCHLPCHB Y EZP UPFTHDOYLPCH) HNEOSHYBEFUS RPD CHMYSOYEN JEMEOZP GCHEFB Y HCHEMYYUYCHBEFUS RPD CHMYSOYEN LTBUOPZP. yuumedpchboys e. tbvlyob, e. uplpmpchpk (1961) BDBRFBGIS ZMBB L CEMFPNKh, BEMEOPNKH Y VEMPNKh GCHEFBN RPCHSHCHYBEF TBVPFPURPUPVOPUFSH TYFEMSHOPZP BOMBMYBFPPT b. RPD CHMYSOYEN TSE LTBUOPZP Y UYOEZP GCHEFCH CHUE RETEYUUMEOOSCHE TYFEMSHOSHCHE ZHHOLGYY KHIKHDYBAFUUS. with. oEKYFBDF, f. yHVPChB, m.
bChFPTSCH UIPDSFUS PE NOOYY, UFP CEMFSHCHK UCHEF SCHMSEFUS OBYVPMEE VMBZPRTYSFOSHCHN, B UBNSCHN OEVMBZPRTYSFOSCHN - LTBUOSCHK(OYFZPZH, TEKIEOWEI, 1927) JETTY Y TYOD (1922) YUUMEDPCHBMY CHMYSOYE GCHEFB ZHPOB OB FE CE ZHHOLGYY TEOYS, UFP Y OBCHBOOSCHE CHCHY BCHFPTSCH. TEEKHMSHFBFSCH YI TBVPFSCH RPLBBMY, YuFP ULPTPUFSH TBMYUEOIS, PUFTPFB ЪTEOYS Y HUFPKYUYCHPUFSH SUOPZP CHIDEOYS OBYVPMEE CHSHCHUPLY RTY CEMFPN GCHEFE ZHPOB.

VPMSHYPK YOFETEU RTEDUFBCHMSAF TBVPFSCH RP YUUMEDPCHBOYA BLCHYUYNPUFY NETsDH GCEFPCCHN TEOYEN Y PTZBOBNY UMHIB, PVPPOSOIS, CHLHUB. h UCHPYI PRSHCHFBI m. yChBTG (1948) tBVPFB ZPZHNBOB Y ULBMShCHEKFB (1953) UPDETCYF DBOOSCHE P FPN, UFP UHVYAELFICHOBS PGEOLB FENRETBFKhTSCH LPMEVMEFUS OB 2-3° RTY BDBRFBGYY L TBMYUOSCHN GCHEFPCHSHCHN RPMSN. s. JETE, h. Losyechb, s. lBNEOULBS YЪHYUBMY CHMYSOIE GCHEFB ABOUT TBVPFPPURPVOPUFSH. tbvpfb s. ZhETE VSCHMB PDOPK Y RETCHSHI, CH LPFPTPK HLBSHCHCHBMPUSH OBCHYUYNPUFSH NETsDH GCHEFPN UCHEFB Y NSCHYYUOPK TBVPFPPURPUPVOPUFSHHA. bChFPT RTCHEM DCHE UETYY PRSHCHFCH.

H RETCHPK UETYY PO U RPNPESH DYOBNPNEFTB YJNETSM DENPZEOOKHA UIMH THLY RTY TBOPN GCHEFE UCHEFB.

PE ChFPTPK UETYY PRSHCHFCH ZhETE RTPIYCHPDYM YЪNETEOIS U RPNPESHHA TZPZTBZHB Y UDEMBM UMEDHAEYE CHCHCHPDSH: RTY PYUEOSH LTBFLPCHTENEOOOPK TBVPFE LTBUOSCHK GCHEF RPCSHCHYBEF RTPYCHPDYFEMSHOPUFSH; PTBOTSECHSHCHK, CEMFSHCHK Y EMEOSHCHK DEKUFCHHAF RPDPVOP DOECHOPNH UCHEFH; UYOYK Y ZHYPMEFPCHSHCHK OBNOPOZP UOYTSBAF RTPYЪCHPDYFEMSHOPUFSH; RTETSHCHCHBAEEEUS DEKUFCHYE GCHEFB, F. E. PFDSHCHI H HUMPCHYSI VEMPZP DOECHOPZP UCHEFB RPUME FTHDB RTY DTHZPN PUCHEEEEOYY, OBBYUYFEMSHOP RPCHSHCHYBEF RTPYCHPDYFEMSHOPUFSH. BOBMY, RTPCHEDEOOSHK z. lBNEOUULPK (1973), CHULTSCHM UKHEUFCHEOOOSCHE PYYVLY CH NEFPDYLE LURETYNEOFB JETE. th, FEN OE NEOEE, PYO YЪ EZP CHCHCHPDCH - P RTETSHCHYUFPN DEKUFCHY GCHEFB - UBUMHTSYCHBEF CHOYNBOYS Y FTEVHEF DBMSHOEKYEK LLURETYNEOFBMSHOPK RTPCHETLY.

RTYCHEDEOOOSCHE TBVPFSCH RPCHPMYMY TBUUNBFTYCHBFSH GCHEFB UTEDOECPMOPCHPK YUBUFY URELFTB CH LBYUEUFCHE "PRFYNBMSHOSHCHI", OP LFP EEE OE NPZMP VSHCHFSH TEYOYEN RTPVMENSCH GEFPCHPZP LMYNBFB CH GEMPNBFB. YUUMEDPCHBOYS RPUMEDOYI MEF RPLBBMY, UFP ZHYYPMPZYYUEULYE UDCHYZY RTPYUIPDSF X YUEMPCELB RPD CHPDEKUFCHYEN FUNCTIONAL STYLE GCHEFCH(zh. mBNRETF, 1968). yUUMEDCHBOYS e. aUFPCHPK (1948), h. lBNEOWULPK (1967), . about. VEMSECHPK (1978) RPLBBMY, UFP ABOUT GCHEFPCHHA TYFEMSHOHA BDBRFBGYA Y TYFEMSHOPE HFPNMEOYE CHMYSEF CH PUOPCHOPN OBUSHEEOOPUFSH GCHEFB, BOE GCHEFPCHPK FPO YMKHYUEOYS.

Oelf PCHFPTSCH, Overtynet Lefyen, Chollybmi RTedrppsoyee, YuFP YurpmshptBee, PDOI FAI CHEFPM, CHIST CHRACT WORKS OF CHISTERS OF ZHYPMYUZYYUL LBUEUFCHB, NPSEF RTYCHUFY L IFPSUFCEOPH PDOPVTBYA. MAVPK GCHEF, EUMY PO UTBCHOYFEMSHOP FENOSHCHK Y BUSHCHEEOOSCHK Y EUMY PO L FPNKh TSE OBIPDIFUS RPUFPSOOP CH RPME ЪTEOYS TBVPFBAEEZP Yuempchchelb, URPUPVUFCHHEF ЪTYFEMSHOPNH Y PVEEGHYYUFPSOOP. rPFPPNKh PYUEOSH CHBTSOP HYUYFSHCHCHBFSH RUYIPMPZYYUEULHA UPUFBCHMSAEHA YUEMPCHEYUEULPK TEBLGIY ABOUT GCHEF. yuEMPCHEYUEULBS MYUOPUFSH ZHPTNYTHEFUS Y TBCHYCHBEFUS CH UMPTSOPN CHBYNPDEKUFCHYY U PLTHTSBAEK UTEDPK. VE URPUPVOPUFY RTYURPUBVMYCHBFSHUS L PLTHTSBAEK UTEDE, L CHOEYOYN TBDTTBSEOYSN YuEMPCHEL OE REFINER VSHCH UHEUFCHPCHBFSH, OE UNPZ VSHCHCHTSYFSH. gCHEFCHPE UCHPEPVTBJE PLTHTSBAEEZP NYTB UZHPTNYTPCHBMP PFOPOEOYE YuEMPCHELB L GCHEFKH, PFLMPOEOYE PF RTYCHSHCHYUOSCHI GCHEFPPUYEFBOYK CHSHCHCHCHBMP FTECHPZH, PVPUFTSMP TEBLGYA.

FBL UMPTSYMBUSH RUYIPMPZYUEULBS TEBLGYS YUAMPCHELB ABOUT LTBUOSCHK GCHEF LBL GCHEF FTECHPZY, RMBNEOY, LTPCHY. rUYIPMPZYYuEULYK BURELF CHPURTYSFYS YUEMPCHELPN GCHEFB UCHSBO have LHMSHFHTOSCHNY, NYTPCHPTEOYUEULYNY, UFEFYYUEULYNY FTBDYGYSNY UTEDSCH, B LPFPTPK CHSCHTPU J UZHPTNYTPCHBMUS YUEMPCHEL, EZP RTPYMSCHN PRSCHFPN, RB-NSFSHA, BUUPGYBFYCHOSCHN IBTBLFETPN NSCHYMEOYS. PUPVHA TPMSh YZTBAF RTYTPDOSHCHE BUUPHYBGYY. RP UMPCHBN zhTYMYOZB Y bKhTB, "CHUE GCHEFPCHSCHE RTEDUFBCHMEOYS YuEMPCHELB - PFTBTSEOYE RTYTPDOSCHI UPPFOPIEOYK". rTYTPDOSCHE BUUPGYBGYY MEZMY CH PUOPCHKH DEMEOYS GCHEFCH URELFTB ABOUT FARMSHIE Y IPMPDOSHCHE. DEMEOYE LFP DPUFBFPYuOP HUMPCHOP, FBL LBL UPUEDOYE GCHEFB PDOK ZTHRRSHCH URELFTB CH UCHPA PUETEDSH CHUFHRBAF CH PFOPIEOYIS "FERMSCHK - IPMPDOSHK". th, OBLPOEG, PYO Y FPF CE GCHEF LBCEFUS VPMEE FERMSHCHN YMY VPMEE IPMPDOSCHN H BCHYUYNPUFY PF ZHPOB, ABOUT LPFPTPN ON CHPURTYOYNBEFUS.

BUUPGYBGYY CHNEUFE U TSDPN TYFEMSHOSHCHI YMMAYK SCHMSAFUS RTYUYOBNY FPZP, UFP TBMYUOSCHE GCHEFB RP-TBBOPNKh HYUBUFCHHAF H ZHPTNYTPCHBOY RTPUFTBOUFCHEOOOSCHI RTEDUFBCHMEOYK YuEMPCHELBOYK. pDYOBLPCHSHCHE RP TBNETBN RTEDNEFSHCH, YNEAEYE TBBOHA PLTBULH, CHPURTYOYNBAFUS TBMYUOSCHNY RP CHEMYUYOE. y DCHHI PYOBLPCHSCHI RP CHEMYUOYOE RTEDNEFPCH, PLTBYEOOSCHI CH UCHEFMSCHK Y FENOSCHK FPOB, UCHEFMSCHK RTEDNEF LBTCEFUS VPMSHIE FENOZPZP. dv PDOPCHTENEOOP TBUUNBFTYCHBENSCHI TBCHOSCHI RP CHEMYYUYOE RTEDNEFPCH OBYVPMSHYYN LBTSEFUS RTEDNEF, PLTBYEOOSCHK B BITPNBFYYUEULYK GCHEF, BFEN - B PDYO ITPNBFYYUEULYK J OBYNEOSHYYN LBTSEFUS RTEDNEF, B PLTBULE LPFPTPZP YURPMSHPCHBOP OEULPMSHLP GCHEFPCH.

PFUADB CHSHCHFELBEF YZHZHELF "KHCHEMYYUYCHBAEYI" Y "KHNEOSHYBAEYI" GCHEFHR. YMMAYEK YNEOEOYS CHEMYUOYOSCH RTEDNEFB UCHSBOB Y TYFEMSHOBS PGEOLB CHEUB RTEDNEPCH. UCHEFMShCHK RTEDNEF LBCEPHUS MEZUE PHENOPZP. y DCHHI RTEDNEFPCH, PLTBIEOOOSCHI CH DPUFBFPYuOP UCHEFMSHCHE ITPNBFYUEULYE GCHEFB, VPMEE MEZLYN LBTCEFUS FPF, LPFPTSCHK PLTBYEO CH IPMPDOSHK GCHEF. y FPC YMMAYY CHSHCHFELBEF DEMEOYE ABOUT "FTSEMSHCHE" Y "MEZLYE" GCHEFB: FENOSHCHE, NBMPOBUSCHEEOOSCHE, FARMSHCHE GCHEFB PGEOYCHBAFUS LBL FTSEMSHCHE, B UCHEFMSHCHE, IPMPDOSHCHE - LBL MEZLYE GCHEFB. RTY UTBCHOEOYY YUYUFSHCHI URELFTBMSHOSCHI GCHEFPCH VPMEE MEZLYNY RTYOSFP UYUYFBFSH TSEMFSHCHE GCHEFB U RPUFEREOOSCHN HFSTSEMEOYEN YUETE PTBOTSECHSHCHE L LTBUOSCHN Y YUETEE EMEOSHCH Y UYOYE L ZHJPMEFPCHCHN. RTY TBOPK OBUSHCHEEOOPUFY VPMEE FTSEMSHCHNY LBTSHFUS OBUSHCHEEOOSCHE GCHEFB. PYUEOSH CHBTSOSCHK LZHZHELF CHSHUFHRBOYS Y PFUFHRBOYS GCHEFPCH PUOPCHSHCHCHBEFUS Y ABOUT BUUPGYBFICHOSHI RTEDUFBCHMEOYSI Y ABOUT PYAELFYCHOSHI BLOPNETOPUFSI ZHYYYPMPZYUEULPK PRFILY. h UCHSY have DRYER YUFP CHVMYY GCHEF RTEDNEFB TBMYYUBEFUS MHYUYE CHUEZP, B RP HETE HDBMEOYS FETSEF OBUSCHEEOOPUFSH J UYOEEF B UYMH BLPOPCH CHPDHYOPK RETURELFYCHSCH, RTEDNEF OBUSCHEEOOPZP GCHEFB CHPURTYOYNBEFUS YUEMPCHELPN LBL TBURPMPTSEOOSCHK VPMEE VMYLP, Yuen NBMPOBUSCHEEOOPZP GCHEFB.

ULBSCHCHBEFUUS Y TBMYUOPE RTEMPNMEOYE ITHUFBMYLPN ZMBB MKHYUEK: GCHEFPPCHPE Y'MKHYUEOYE U VPMSHYPK DMYOPK CHPMOSHCH RTEMPNMSEFUS ITHUFBMYLPN RPD NEOSHYN HZMPN, YUEN LPTPPCHPE-YPMOHEPYU. fBLYN PVTBPN, ITHUFBMYL DYZHZHETEOGYTHEF RPFPL CH ЪBCHYUYNPUFY PF CHPMOPCHPK IBTBLFETYUFYLY Y RTPEGYTHEF YЪPVTBTSEOYE CH TBOSHI FPYULBI RTSNPC, RETREOYLHMSTOPUKF YRPETIU. YuEN LPTPYUE ChPMOSHCH UCHEFPCHPZP RPFPLB, FEN DBMSHYE TBURPMPTSOOOSCHN PF OBVMADBFEMS VHDHF LBBFSHUS RTEDNEF YMY RMPULPUFSH, PLTBYEOOSCHE CH IPMPDOSHK GCHEF. ZhZhZHELF CHSHUFHRBOYS Y PFUFKHRBOYS GCHEFPCH BCHYUYF Y PF FBLYI ZHBLFPTPCH, LBL TBNET TBUUNBFTYCHBENPZP GCHEFOPZP RSFOB, EZP PFOPYOYE L ZHPOKH RP UFEREOY LPOFTBUFB, EZP OBUSHCHEIEOOPU. UTBCHOEOYE TBMYUOSCHI HZMPCHSCHI TBNETCH GCHEFOPZP RSFOB RPLBBMP, UFP CHMYSOIE HZMPCHPZP TBNETB ULPTEE ULBSHCHCHBEFUS ABOUT CHPURTYSFIY IPMPDOSHHI GCHEFPCH. x FARMSHI GCHEFPCH YZHZHELF RTYVMYTSEOIS YUEFYUE RTPSCHMSEFUS RTY VPMSHYEK UCHEFMPFE Y NEOSHHYEK OBUSHCHEEOOPUFY, X IPMPDOSCHI - RTY RTPFICHPRMPTSOSCHI RPLBBFEMSI.

YЪNEOOOYE GENERAL URPUUPVOP RETECHEUFI GCHEF Y PDOPC ZTHRRSHCH CH DTHZHA. FBL, TSEMFSCHK J PTBOTSECHSCHK GCHEFB, DPCHEDEOOSCHE DP RTEDEMSHOPK OBUSCHEEOOPUFY, NPZHF CHPURTYOYNBFSHUS HTSE LBL PFUFHRBAEYE RP UTBCHOEOYA have UYOYNY NBMPK OBUSCHEEOOPUFY J UTBCHOYFEMSHOP CHSCHUPLPK UCHEFMPFSCH, LPFPTSCHE PGEOYCHBMYUSH LBL CHSCHUFHRBAEYE. ChPNPTSOPUFSH PGEOLY PVTBIGPCH IEMEOPZP GCHEFB FP Ch LBYUEUFCHE PFUFKHRBAEYI, FP Ch LBYUEUFCHE ChSHUFKHRBAEII BUFBCHMSEF PFOEUFY IEMEOSCHK GCHEF CH PUPVHA ZTHRRH RTPUFTBOUFCHEMOOP.

Y ZHZHELF RTYVMYTSEOIS Y HDBMEOYS ULBSHCHCHBEFUUS YUEFUE RTY DPUFBFPYuOPK UFEREOY LPOFTBUFB PVTBGBGB U ZHPOPN. h ZTHRRE CHSHCHUFHRBAEYI GCHEFPCH LZHZHELF ULBSCCHBMUS UYMSHOEE CH FEI UMHYUBSI, LPZDB PVTBIGSCH VSCHMY OBYUYFEMSHOP UCHEFMEE ZHPOB. RUYIPMPZYUEULYK BURELF CHPURTYSFYS YUEMPCHELPN GCHEFPPCHPZP PLTKHTSEOIS CHLMAYUBEF FBLPK ZHBLFPT CHPURTYSFYS, LBL "GCHEFPPCHPE RTEDPYUFEOYE".

RujipMimm Uuifbafe, YuFP Gchefpchpea RTedrofufea Zhptonthefus about PUPPE BUBGYBGYK YBCHYUFIF PF RPMB, Fenretbneeofb Yehempechelb, Ruiiyuulpzp ULBDB OZP Ibtblfetb, Upgibms Hufbopchp. vPMSHYPK YOFETEU RTEDUFBCHMSAF DBOOSCHE b. RECRETB, x. hZHZHEMSHNBOB, e.-m. tBCIB, n. GYNNETNBO Y DTHZYI P GCHEFPCHPN RTEDRPYUFEOYY X DEFEK. HUFBOCHMEOP, UFP OE CHUE GCHEFB CH PYOBLPPPK NETE RTCHMELBAF CHOYNBOYE DEFEC. yNEAEEYEUS DBOOSCHE RPCHPMSAF PIBTBLFETYJPCHBFSH GCHEFPCHPE RTEDPYUFEOYE X DEFEK DPYLPMSHOPZP Y NMBDYYEZP YLPMSHOPZP CHPTBUFB UMEDHAEIN PVTBPN: DEFI MAVSF STLIE GCHEFBUFSHCHE; CH LBYUEUFCHE YЪMAVMEOOPZP GCHEFB DEFI NMBDYEZP CHPЪTBUFB YUBEE CHUEZP OBSHCHCHBAF LTBUOSCHK; RETCHSHCHE FTY GCHEFB RTEDPYUFEOYS X DEFEK TBURPMBZBAFUS CH FBLPK RPUMEDPCHBFEMSHOPUFY: LTBUOSCHK, UYOYK, CEMFSHCHK; DEFI NMBDYEZP CHPTBUFB PFCHETZBAF OESTLE, VMELMSHCHE PFFEOLY GCHEFCH; PYUEOSH CHBTSOSCHN LCA TEVEOLB SCHMSEFUS ZHZHELF OPCHYOSCH (EUMY A GCHEFBN, LPFPTSCHE TEVEOPL CHYDYF RPUFPSOOP, DPVBCHYFSH LBLPK OPCHSCHK-OP, OP RETCHPE CHTENS, RPLB TEVEOPL OE RTYCHSCHLOEF A OPCHPNH GCHEFH, FPF GCHEF RTYCHMELBEF EZP CHOYNBOYE OBYVPMSHYEK UFEREOY H).

DBOOSCHE NOPZYI BCHFPTPCH (e.-m. tBKIB, n. gynnetnbo, m. yChBTG, e. rPOPNBTECHPK) RPLBBMY, UFP GCHEFPCHPE RTEDRPYUFEOYE YЪNEOSEFUS U ChPТBUFPN, OP YЪNEOSEFUS OE VEURPTSDPYu. h RTEDEMBI YLBMSCH YUYUFSHCHI URELFTBMSHOSHCHI GCHEFPCH GCHEFCHPE RTEDPYUFEOYE U ChPTBUFPN YЪNEOSEFUS PF ZTHRRSHCH FARMSHI L ZTHRRE IPMPDOSHCHI GCHEFCH. rP NETE CHЪTPUMEOYS DEFI CHUE YUBEE CH LBYUEUFCHE YЪMAVMEOOOSCHI PFFEOLPCH OBSCCHCHBAF VPMEE UMPTSOSCHE, RTYZMHYEOOSCHE, "MPNBOSHCHE" FPOB, NEOSEFUUS Y RTIOGYR RPUFTPEOYS GCHEFPCHPK RBTSCH. DEFI NMBDYEZP CHPTBUFB UFTPSF RBTSC RTEINKHEEUFCHEOOP RP RTYOGYRKH LPOFTBUFB, X DEFEK UFBTYYEZP CHPTBUFB OBYVPMEE TBURTPUFTBOEOOSCHN UFBOPCHYFUS RTYOGYR OABOUOPZP UPYUEFBOYS GCHEFPH.

UFEFYYUEULBS UPUFBCHMSAEBS TEBLGYY YUEMPCHELB ON GCHEF UZHPTNYTPCHBMBUSH RPD CHPDEKUFCHYEN PLTHTSBAEEK RTYTPDSCH, LPFPTBS UOBVTSBMB YUEMPCHELB TBMYYUOPK YOZHPTNBGYEK, J dv PDOYN SSCHLPCH, LPFPTSCHN RTYTPDB ZPCHPTYMB have YUEMPCHELPN, VSCHM GCHEF. h UCHPEK RTBLFYUEULPK DEFEMSHOPUFY YUEMPChEL RTYCHSHL CHPURTYOYNBFSH LBTsDPE GCHEFPCHPE RSFOP LBL OBBL, BLTERMSS BL LBTsDSHCHN GCHEFPN RTYUHEEE FPMSHLP ENKH Y YUEFLP ЪBZHOOPYUYEPCHE. fBL, BEOMOSCHK GCHEF CH EZYREFULYI FELUFBI RYTBNYD POBBYUBM VEUUNETFYE. yLPMSCH YLPOPRYUY LBOPOYITPCHBMY GCHEFB Y DEMBMY YI UTEDUFCHPN CHSHTBTSEOIS TEMYZYPYOSCHI RPUFHMBFCH. uREGYBMShOBS TBULTBULB MYGB B FTBDYGYPOOPN SRPOULPN FEBFTE UYNCHPMYYTPCHBMB TBMYYUOSCHE NPGYPOBMSHOSCHE UPUFPSOYS - ZOECH, REYUBMSH TH FD yUFPTYS TBCHYFYS GCHEFPCHSCHI RTEDUFBCHMEOYK RPLBSCHCHBEF OPL, YUFP GCHEF NPTSEF RTYPVTEFBFSH HUFPKYUYCHPE OBYUEOYE, PVPOBYUBS LPOLTEFOSCHE RTEDNEFSCH YMY SCHMEOYS.

BUUPGYBFYCHOSCHK IBTBLFET NSCHYMEOYS RPCHPMSEF YUEMPCHELH PGEOYFSH HUFPKYUYCHPUFSH FYI UCHSEK, RTYOBFSH URPUPVOPUFSH GCHEFB CHSCHUFHRBFSH B LBYUEUFCHE OBLB PRTEDEMEOOPK OBLPCHPK UYFHBGYY, CHSCHRPMOSFSH PRTEDEMEOOSCHE UENBOFYYUEULYE ZHHOLGYY. rTYOBOYE B GCHEFPN OBLPCHPK UHEOPUFY CHPNPTSOP MYYSH have RPYGYK NBTLUYUFULP-MEOYOULPK ZHYMPUPZHYY, TBTBVPFBCHYEK RPMPTSEOYE P FPN, YUFP EDYOUFCHP PVYAELFB J UHVYAELFB SCHMSEFUS YUIPDOPK FPYULPK ZHPTNYTPCHBOYS UFEFYYUEULPZP PFOPYEOYS Q, W YUBUFOPUFY, YUIPDOPK FPYULPK ZHPTNYTPCHBOYS PFOPYEOYK B UYUFENE "YUEMPCHEL - GCHEFPCHBS UTEDB". eDYOUFChP PVYAELFB J UHVYAELFB DEMBEF CHPNPTSOSCHN YURPMSHPCHBOYE RTYOGYRB DCHPKUFCHEOOPZP TBUUNPFTEOYS PVYAELFB, CHCHEDEOOPZP B NBFENBFYYUEULHA MPZYLH lBTTY, dv LPFPTPZP UMEDHEF, YUFP PVYAELFSCH B PRTEDEMEOOSCHI HUMPCHYSI NPZHF PGEOYCHBFSHUS UHVYAELFPN CHSCHUFHRBFSH J H J H LBYUEUFCHE RTEDNEFPCH LBYUEUFCHE OBCHBOYK UBNYI UEVS. DMS GCHEFB LFB DCHPKUFCHEOOPUFSH PYUEOSH IBTBLFETOB. LPDB NHH UNPPHTNE ABOUT Gchefpchpe RSFOP, FP ChPurtyoynben RTecede Chuzp Popelfychocho Ufptpok Schmeujas, F. E. Nhchpokh Benchben Gchef, Uppopus OzP at PDOPK YA ZTRR Urelf Sponchnoshene Poopchprmbzbaha Ufptprmbzbaha Ufptpch Schmeujas. h FFPN UMHYUBE NSCH ZPCHPTYN PV "PFOPUYFEMSHOPN" OBYUEOYY GCHEFPCHPZP RSFOB LBL LMENEOFB PRTEDEMEOOOPK OBLPCHPK UYUFENSCH.

OP CH FP CE CHTENS NSC CHPURTIOINBEN GCHEF LBL BCHFPOIN, F. E. LBL OBBL UBNPZP UEVS. GENERAL UPOBOYE UPPFOPUYF GCHEF U PTEDEMEOOOSCHN RTEDNEFPN YMY SCHMEOYEN CHOEYOEZP NYTB, PRTTEDEMSEF EZP "VEEPFOPUYFEMSHOPE" OBYUEOYE. TBCHYFYE PVEEUFCHEOOPZP UPOBOBOYS OBYUYFEMSHOP TBUYTYMP URELFT VEEPFOPUYFEMSHOPZP OBBYUEOYS. PDOIN YUD URPUPVPCH ZHPTTNTPCHBYSKUKSPOPUFUFEMSHOPZP KKUBUYUEYSP CHEFB SCHEMSEFUS UPPEEUEOUFUUFSH HUNP RTYTNEFPN, YNAEIN H RTYTPDE Uppuchufchhaech Gchef Dbchyun Commier than the Gchefh - Nbmeopchchkk, MinePoschk, LPGEK. dBOOPE WEEPFOPUYFEMSHOPE OBBYUEOYE CHPOYLBEF, UFTPIFUUS CH YUEMPCHEYUEULPN UPBOBOY LBL ZHYYYUEULPE PFTBTSEOIE IBTBLFETOSHCHI PUPVEOOOPUFEK TEBMSHOP UHEUFCHHAEYI CH RTYTPYUYOPPCH, PYUELPCH PYUELPCH

EMUY UBEOFUFSHA YLPOYUEULPZP OF BLLB SCAMSEFUS WIPDUFCHP OPTERFIPN, FP "... Khobl-Uinchpm y Tsobl-Yoodel Upihydsfus at Pfaefbnu h Pfopyji Buffiggy YulhuufCeoopk h Retchpn Umkhyube, Eufufecopc ChP ChPTPN". h TEHMSHFBFE FBLPK EUFEUFCHEOOOPK BUUPGYBGYY LTBUOSCHK GCHEF CHPURTYOYNBEFUUS LBL ЪOBL-YODELU PZOS, LTPCHY, BTY Y LBL ЪOBL-UYNCHPM TECHPMAGYPOOPK VPTShPOPCHBOFCHE YUCHOPCHE YULHU uFEFYUEULBS PGEOLB GCHEFB ZHPTNYTHEFUS ABOUT PUOPCHBOY RTSNSHCHI Y HUMPTSEOOOSCHI, LPOCHEOGYPOBMSHOSHCHI GCHEFPCHSCHI BUUPHYBGIK. NPTSOP RTYCHEUFY DPUFBFPYUOPE LPMYUEUFCHP RTYNETCHP, LPZDB GCHEF OEUEF RTSNHA, PVYAELFYCHOKHA YOZHPTNBGYA P RTEDNEFE, POBYUBEF LPOLTEFOSCHK RTEDNEF YMY SCHMEOYE MYVP REDFOP OBEN PRPUTEDPCH. OBNEOBFEMSHOP, UFP GCHEF UFPSM X YUFPLCH ZHPTNYTPCHBOYS Y TBCHYFIYS YUEMPCHEYUEULPZP SHCHLB Y RYUSHNEOOPUFY. dPUFBFPYuOP CHURPNOYFSH CHBNRKHN UCHETPBNETYLBOULYI YODEKGECH, LPZDB GCHEF TBLPCHYO OEU MEZLP "YUYFBENHA" YOZHPTNBGYA P LPOLTEFOSHCHI RTEDNEFBI, UPVSCHFISI Y P OBMYUY UCHSY NETSDH. sjschl DTECHOYI NBKS DPUFBFPYUOP HVEDYFEMSHOP DPLBSCCHCHBEF CHPNPTSOPUFSH YURPMSHCHCHBOYS RTSNSCHI GCHEFPCHSCHI BUUPHYBGIK RTY ZHPTNYTPCHBOY TEYUECHSCHI EDYOYG.

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In color science, there are three laws of optical color mixing, the knowledge of which is necessary for artists in their practical work. Small dots, strokes or stripes of various colors applied to the surface appear to be uniform from a certain distance, and different colors merge into one color. The first law of optical displacement is as follows: for any chromatic color, you can choose a chromatic color that, when optically mixed with the first in a certain quantitative ratio, gives an achromatic color. Colors that can give an achromatic color in optical mixtures are called complementary colors. It can only be strictly defined colors.

Lemon yellow is complementary to ultramarine, bluish green (the color of emerald green) to carmine red, ultramarine to lemon yellow, and carmine red to bluish green. The second law of optical mixing is that when optical mixing of non-complementary colors, colors are obtained in their color tone intermediate between the mixed colors. Mixing yellow with red produces an orange color, mixing yellow with green produces blue, and so on. The third law of optical mixing is that colors that look the same in optical mixtures give the same results, regardless of what the physical composition of the light fluxes that cause these colors to feel. “For example, monochromatic orange of the same color, whose wavelength is 610 microns. and the same tone orange, composed of waves 590 and 630 microns. in optical mixtures with other colors they give exactly the same results, although in one case the color is monochromatic, and in the other it is complex. However, the results of optical mixing of colors differ from the results of color mixing, which artists use in the practice of painting. The results of optical mixing of colors are given in table 1, the results of mixing colors - in table 2.

Artists often apply the laws of optical color mixing in painting. It is known that the creative work of the post-impressionists Paul Signac and Georges Seurat is based on the laws of optical summation of colors and the laws of contrast. Referring to the laws of optical color mixing, set forth in Chevrel's book, Paul Signac insisted on the advantages of optical color mixing in painting compared to ordinary color mixing. In the program book of post-impressionism, Paul Signac wrote: "Any material mixture leads not only to darkening, but also to discoloration, any optical mixture, on the contrary, leads to clarity and brilliance." But, as can be seen from Table 1, when additional colors and those close to them are optically mixed, color discoloration also occurs. The laws of optical mixing in the practice of art were known not only by post-impressionists, but also by the masters of ancient Fayum painting, the creators of Pompeian paintings, the masters of the Venetian school of painting of the High Renaissance, Diego Velazquez and many other artists.

Table 1. Optical Color Mixing Results

Violet	indigo blue		bluish green		greenish yellow
	Purple	Dark pink	whitish pink		whitish yellow	golden yellow	Orange
Orange	Dark pink	whitish pink		whitish yellow
		whitish pink	whitish green	whitish green	greenish yellow
greenish yellow		whitish green	whitish green
	whitish blue	Aquamarine	bluish green
bluish green	Aquamarine	Aquamarine
	indigo blue

table 2. Color mixing results

	Cinnabar red	Sienna burnt	Cadmium oran. average	Ocher yellow	cadmium yellow	Green emerald	Ultramarine
	Dark reddish brown with a slight purple tint		dark brown	Dark yellow-brown, slightly greenish	Dark grayish brown, slightly green.	Dark yellow greenish cloudy	Dark greyish bluish green	Almost black with a bluish tinge	Dark greenish blue
	dark lilac	Dark reddish brown. with a purple tint	Very dark olive brown	Bottle	greyish green		bluish green turquoise		Sky blue honey agaric, slightly greenish
Ultramarine blue	Violet	Brownish red-violet	Dark Brown with vish. shade	Grey-yellow brownish	grayish yellowish green	Hazy yellowish green	Somewhat hazy turquoise	Blue, slightly violet. honey agaric
Green emerald	Almost gray dark	Almost gray dark	Brownish grayish greenish	hazy greenish	yellow green	Green bluish tint
Cadmium yellow medium	Pinkish brown pinkish-yellow tint	Orange	tan	yellow-orange		Yellow, slightly lime. shade
Ocher yellow	pinkish brownish	brownish orange	tan	yellow-orange brownish	sandy yellow
Cadmium orange	Reddish orange	Orange	orange brown	yellowish orange
Sienna burnt	Red-brown	red brick	Cor. red shade
Cinnabar red		red scarlet
	Kras. pur. shade

The colored strokes on the local spot of color in the frescoes of Theophany the Greek and his students testify to the knowledge of the laws of spatial mixing of colors, which revives the color in the icons of the Russian school. In painting, the methods of optical color mixing have been and will be used, but they can only be considered as one of the possible methods for constructing a color system or coloring of a picture.

Designing any space starts with color. Deciding on the general style of the room, the designer already presents it in certain colors, since it is they who direct the fantasy in the right direction. The combination of colors in interior design is one of the factors that indicate the style and theme of the room. The country style is dominated by noble rich tones, all shades of wood, white, beige, burgundy, brown. To create the Provence style, pastel colors are used with a slight interspersed with dark shades. Blue, white, gray, light blue and dark wood color indicate the "nautical" style. The classic is characterized by a wide range of beige, chocolate, coffee. Ethnic style plays with contrasts, using brown, bardo, black, red. The choice of color schemes is the most important stage on which the success of interior design as a whole depends.

The joke that all men see only 16 colors, as in the default Windows settings, has real roots: there are many more "color-sensitive" cells in the woman's eye.

However, studies show that the human eye is able to perceive a huge number of colors and their shades: about 250 pure and more than 10 million mixed.

A simple understanding of the colors of the main spectrum will help not to get lost in such a variety.

There are only seven of them: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, purple. Taking these colors as a basis, diluting them or mixing them together, colorists create a huge number of tones and shades for use in the interior. So-called achromatic colors are added to them, that is, they do not carry any color load. There are only three of them: black, white, gray.

All colors can be divided into two groups: warm and cold:

The feeling of warmth is caused by red, orange, yellow, and their various shades. Warm colors are used to make a room cozier, to add light to a poorly lit room, to correct too much empty space.

The feeling of coolness is evoked by blue, purple, blue and their various tones. Cold colors are suitable for well-lit rooms, visually expand the space, give freshness, vigor.

How to choose the right combination of colors in interior design?

The choice of colors and their combinations is a complex process that sometimes baffles even professional designers. But with a versatile, easy-to-use color wheel, getting the color right can now be done by anyone. You just need to remember that inside one room you should combine from three to five colors, no more.

Color circle

1) Several shades of the same color

This is a proven and reliable way for calm natures who are not too fond of taking risks. The room is "filled" with all sorts of shades of the same color: from the deepest, most saturated to the lightest, barely distinguishable. Smooth transitions and a guaranteed successful combination will give the interior peace, harmony, peace.

2) Playing with contrasts

A method radically opposite to the previous one. Two contrasting colors are taken as the basis, located opposite each other on the color wheel. Contrasts are played up in the interior with the help of neutral colors such as black, white, gray.

3) Harmonious combinations

One of the colors in which I would like to decorate the room is taken as a basis. Two more are “attached” to it, located to the left and to the right of it on the color wheel. In this case, the colors will form an original and beautiful combination, without sharp transitions.

4) Three spectacular colors

A slightly more daring move, but without being overly flashy. A triangle is used to identify three successfully combined colors. It can be rotated inside the circle until the angles indicate the most pleasing combination for the eye for each individual case.

Rules for choosing colors for different rooms

The influence of color on the mood and emotions of a person has not been a discovery for a long time. That is why you should carefully select colors for interior decoration, depending on the purpose of the room.

Bedroom

It is not recommended to decorate the bedroom with sharp contrasting tones, as this place is designed to relax and soothe. Pastel colors, soft shades are perfect here. Warm colors are preferred, but cool colors can also be used if the room is small and the windows face south. Properly selected accessories, the addition of white, the correct placement of accents will help bring comfort to cold tones.

Living room

In the interior of the living room, you can be bolder with the choice of colors. Playing with contrasts or using catchy accents will add vivacity and give the interior a stylish, spectacular look. If the windows face north, you should take warm shades as the basis of the interior. If the living room is too small, you can “expand” it a little by using a light cold palette. It is important to consider that cold tones are only good for bright rooms where the sun does not leave the room for a long time.

It is customary to distinguish 3 primary colors: yellow, blue and red.

By mixing these three colors, it is theoretically possible to create all the others (although artists will notice that this is not so simple).

Two primary colors mixed in equal parts give 3 secondary colors: green, orange and purple

These colors are called binary.

Continuing to mix, from mixing the main scene with the binary one, we get a tertiary color.

Complimentary colors

I already wrote about complimentary colors in a post.
When two complementary colors are mixed opposite each other on the color wheel, a neutral dark gray is obtained.

New color wheel

By changing the saturation and intensity, you can get a greater variety of the color wheel:

In fact, there are no clear boundaries between the colors in the spectrum - each color gradually passes into the next one.

Color schemes

In our new color wheel, the same schemes apply that I wrote about in the first post.

Similar colors (located side by side)
Complimentary colors (located on the circle opposite)
Split-complimentary (two colors adjacent to the complementary) and triad. These triangles are:

A slightly more complicated quadrilateral, where the colors are complementary in pairs:

floristry

The red hue is considered the warmest color (the color of hot metal or volcanic lava), and blue is the coldest (the color of water, ice). However, keep in mind that color temperature is always relative: blue-violet, for example, is a cool color, but it looks warmer when placed next to blue-green.

A little about color

achromatic colors(black, white, gray) differ only in lightness, the degree of approximation to white.
Our eye is able to recognize more than 600 lightness transitions.

Chromatic colors are distinguished by a number of features:

Color tone
This is the main feature of chromatic color: green, red, blue, etc.

Lightness
In addition to being close to white, chromatic colors differ in lightness from each other. Yellow is lighter than purple, blue is lighter than blue, pink is lighter than red. This can be easily verified by converting a color image to black and white.

Purity
Pure colors include only spectral colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.

saturation
The difference between chromatic and achromatic. The more different, the richer. The most saturated include purple and ultramarine.

Intensity
The degree of brightness of the color spot. It depends on the intensity of the light reflected from it. The most intense are lemon yellow, bright red, bright orange.

The psychology of color

Scientists have been studying the effect of color on humans for a long time. In the general case, it was found that the colors of the yellow-red color scheme affect a person positively, blue-violet - negatively, and green is neutral.

However, different people perceive colors differently. , Therefore, there is no interior in which everyone will be comfortable without exception.

Percentages and ratios

Very often when we look for color schemes, we see illustrations like this:

In fact, the colors are not used in equal proportions.

I propose to consider the illustrations below to understand why this recommendation is only true in the general case (thanks to Dulux for them):

Pastel shades. They are not so intense as to overwhelm each other.

In the case of bright colors, we can take a similar shade and then also the proportion will not be so important.

Two examples of when there is little saturated color and when there is a lot of it:

Saturated colors in approximately equal proportions, but white serves as an auxiliary color.

I'll talk more about primary, secondary, and secondary colors in a week. And also together we will collect color combinations.

You can create a comfortable and harmonious interior not only by choosing the design of the space, but also by correctly combining colors in the interior. They are able to influence the emotional and physical state of a person. Thanks to correctly selected color relationships, the house and its owner become an integral organism.

The color wheel is one of the important tools for drawing up the right color combinations in the interior. Issac Newton was the first to systematize the spectrum, decomposing the white beam of light into red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. It was the first color scheme.

Today, color wheels consist of one, two, and three discs. They show what the relationship is between the colors arranged in a circle. On the axis of the circle are all the colors of the spectrum - primary, secondary and tertiary. For example, Itten's color wheel:

primary colors

All colors, with the exception of white, come from primary colors. Blue, yellow and red (the triangle in the center of the circle) are the primary tones. Combinations of these three colors make up the secondary colors.

secondary colors

The next six colors of the circle are obtained by mixing two primary (primary) colors. For example, purple is obtained by mixing red and blue, and green is blue and yellow, but orange is a combination of red and yellow.

Tertiary colors

If you mix one primary color with a secondary color, you get a tertiary tone. Total - 12 colors. You can also get a tertiary color by mixing a base tone with a lot of another base tone to create a tertiary color. For example, one part blue tone with two parts red will create a red-violet color.

Advice :
It is important which colors are located next to the tone that interests you, as well as those that lie opposite the color you have chosen. For example, yellow goes well with the opposite purple, and light green is harmonious with the color of bright pink or fuchsia. Next to yellow are two colors with which you can make harmonious chromatic combinations.

Shades and midtones

Hues are derived from the base color. For example, blue has a light blue and dark blue hue.
. Hue is the result of adding white and black (gray) to the base color. Tone, unlike pure pigment, makes the color softer and more pleasing to the eye.

How to mix colors

The perception of color depends on the distance of the color spot from the human eye. For example, as the distance increases, green looks more bluish, yellow starts to turn orange, and orange turns red.
. The saturation of the color tone of the interior depends on the illumination of the interior. The light level ranges from light to dark on a gray scale. The floor and walls are capable of reflecting light, so the light colors of the surfaces in the room enhance the brightness, and the dark colors dampen the tones, making them dull.

Advice :

.The quality of the brightness or depth of a color tone depends on the light and shadow in the interior. Therefore, adding a gray tone to the design of the room can noticeably soften the effects of various color combinations.
. If you need different shades of blue, dilute the color combination of the interior with a black tint. And then the cold tones of blue will sparkle with tone gradations.
. To change the shade of any paint in the interior, add white. It will dilute and extinguish unnecessary brightness in a combination of colors.

Color Proportion Scale

On this scale, you can determine the proportions of tones and semitones. A safe ratio for color combinations in the interior is 70/20/10.
70% tertiary shades in a neutral base
20% - secondary colors
10% - primary color

Advice :
Practice moderation in mixing colors! Try not to mix more than a few shades. Two or three colors in a neutral base are considered the safest.

Various color schemes

Color schemes and triads are a set of interior color combinations that work together to create a visually appealing palette. Color combinations given in color schemes can be considered classic. Of course, the possible color combinations are endless. But experienced designers feel which of the schemes to apply in practice.

Classic triad

A combination of three colors that are at an equal distance from each other. The use of such contrasting combinations will create a harmonious palette. You should choose one main color, and use the other two as accents.

analog triad

Combinations from 2 to 5 colors located next to each other make up similar combinations or related ones. For example, yellow-orange, yellow, yellow-green, green, blue-green.

Complementary combinations

A complementary color (also known as a contrast) that is opposite the second one on Itten's color wheel. The combination of these colors creates a bright and exciting effect, especially at maximum saturation.

Rectangular pattern

A combination of four colors is a scheme consisting of one primary color and two additional ones. The company includes another additional tone to highlight accents. For example, blue-green, blue-violet, orange-red, orange-yellow.

square scheme

A combination of four colors spaced equally apart. Dynamic colors are different in tone and, at the same time, complement each other. For example: purple, orange-red, yellow, blue-green.

Rules for using the color scheme

Color combinations in the interior are conditionally divided into warm and cold. Thanks to them, you can visually enlarge or reduce the room. It all depends on the chosen basic tone. Therefore, the selection of complementary colors is so important. They are located opposite each other on the color wheel. Each tone brings out the richness of the other. When using complementary colors, one color should be soft and weak in tone, while the other should be more dominant. For example, intense dark purple should be paired with light yellow hues.

Decorate adjoining rooms in a similar range of colors. Plan your color scheme based on how each room is viewed from the other. Look for related colors. For example, related tones are located next to each other on the color wheel. These colors produce less contrasting effects than complementary colors. For example, the dark tones of a blue-green room combined with the light blues of an adjoining room can give the impression of floating in a blue lagoon.

Choose the base color you like best and use as many shades of it as you can think of. For example, they give the maximum effect when adding related or complementary colors. Contrary to popular belief, monochrome is not a black and white duo or one single color. True monochrome combinations often consist of one main tone and several adjacent tones. For example, green color can look quite independent and self-sufficient. It fills the entire space of the interior, but this is only at first glance. If you look closely, you can see the tones of apple and grass, young greens and swampy mud in shades of khaki, juicy lime and pistachios, transparent candy in yellow-green tints and olives. All these shades are successfully emphasized by white, gray, as well as interspersed with tones in the colors of metal and wood. So, in general, you get monochrome!

Advice :

Choose one favorite color that will become the main one in the interior. And then add to it objects and accessories in shades and midtones of the same color, and dilute this complex monochrome range with things in neutral shades. But only a little - in order to shade the main palette.

First decide where you are going to use the colors in the room. A general rule of thumb when decorating is to use three different values ​​in color combinations: light, medium and dark. Walls and floors are usually painted in light colors, depending on the effect you are trying to create. The floors should be a little darker than the walls to avoid a floating effect. Window sashes and large pieces of furniture are often created in the middle to connect light-colored walls and floors. Dark colors should be used as an accent color in the interior.

Color temperature

Some color combinations in the interior are warm, others are cold. Psychologists say that the color of the room can affect the mood and well-being of a person, cause him an emotional response. Some combinations of colors in the interior create an overall feeling of calm and physical satisfaction, while others cause internal tension and discomfort. Colors can be both an ideal partner and an enemy that you will have to unconsciously fight.

Warm and cozy colors
for the interior are located on the right side of the color wheel. They radiate positive energy and power that can unite people.

Red

exudes energy, strength and passion. Restaurants and bars often use this color of strong energies because it increases appetite and promotes communication. And it's a common choice for kitchens and dining rooms in the home. However, red should be avoided in the bedroom.

Orange

This color is considered exciting and powerful. Its presence in the kitchen and dining room is known to increase appetite and relax. Psychologists advise using orange in moderation. Orange is less aggressive than red. It creates warmth and a feeling of joy. However, it is advised to use it only as an accent color.

Yellow

Sunny shades of yellow are associated with happiness and warmth, but rich and vibrant yellow tones can increase frustration and anger. Generally, yellow is an uplifting color. When overused, yellow can become distracting and overwhelming. Don't allow this color in large quantities in a child's room because babies are known to cry a lot. But using it in the kitchen in tandem with orange will cause positive emotions and even euphoria. Yellow has different effects depending on how and in what quantities it is used.

Cool and soothing colors

Cool and soothing colors located on the left side of the color wheel provide a sense of calm and a sense of trust:

. Green. It is a calming and refreshing color that reminds us of young greens, grass, pistachios and juicy limes. It fits easily into any room. Green conveys a sense of renewal and growth. It is used in rest rooms, such as bedrooms. Often different shades of green can be seen in the kitchen. And, of course, in nurseries, because children love everything natural so much, especially colors associated with nature.

Blue

If you're trying to create a calm, spa-like environment, consider blue. Like green, it is a calming color and also good for decorating a bedroom. Iridescent and bright shades of blue are used in offices to increase productivity. Light blue can make a room appear bright and refreshing, while deep blue creates a sense of dignity.

Violet

This color has long been associated with royalty and wealth. It contains the calmness of blue and the energy of red. In combination with some active tones, it stimulates creativity and vitality. However, in large quantities and in tandem with red, it becomes hazardous to health, causing euphoria.

Advice :

Brown should be mentioned as the most common color in interiors. Brown consists of several colors, which are based on warm and cool tones: red, yellow and blue. Dark brown or wenge is obtained by adding black to this triad. Brown represents restraint, reliability and modesty. This is one of the most powerful tranquilizing colors, it belongs to the warm colors of the earth, therefore it has become the basis of a psychologically calming palette.

Brown goes well with color combinations in the interior, for example, with gold, as well as tones close to it in shades, for example, with yellow. If we ignore the interior, many people associate brown and red colors with warts. Follow some principles so that they don't bother you.

The appearance of purple in brown is suggestive of subtle, idealized relationships and feelings. Such combinations are appropriate in living rooms, dining rooms, where an environment that delights the body is needed: delicious food, luxury items, beautiful accessories and furniture.

Color combinations in different rooms

Before choosing a color for the kitchen, living room, bedroom or nursery, you should remember that white plays an important role in the palette.
White is the basis of the spectrum. It really helps to refresh the space and creates a feeling of cleanliness. Therefore, this color is always appropriate in pastel colors, combinations of various colors of a neutral palette in the interior. But even warm and burning shades from Mexican interiors allow white as a complementary and accentuating blue and blue color combinations.

Pastel color combinations

Pastel colors are the result of adding lots of white to various combinations of complementary colors. They create a comfortable, spacious feeling in any room.

Neutral color palette

Shades of white, beige, dark brown, gray and black form the basis of neutral color combinations. The neutral palette is the lightest and most airy for one obvious reason: all those neutrals blend with most of the colors in the circle. They can be stylish and dramatic. For example, black and white as neutrals make for a great palette of complementary hues for different base tones.

Advice :
If you choose neutral color combinations in the interior, use bright accessories to accent the walls and make the room interesting. When you're ready for a change, just change the color of the accessories.

Bedroom

The interior of the bedroom is usually created in soothing colors. However, thanks to various color combinations using complementary tones, designers have opened up a lot of possibilities. For example, combinations of gray and beige colors in the interior of the bedroom create the most light and weightless intimate spaces in which one could take a break from the hustle and bustle of the day.
For example, gorgeous bedrooms, which are dominated by pearl-pearl shades, combined with a beige tone.

A bright bedroom is created when you choose one intense and colorful base color, such as pink in shades of fuchsia. The selected color on the color wheel is combined with light yellow. They complement each other, but by introducing white, or the related khaki yellow, you will get a more balanced interior.

A bedroom in gray colors is a "refuge" for a person who seeks to retire and get away from the bustle of the outside world. A bedroom in gray tones is indifferent to the bright and conflicting outside world.

Red hues between warm related yellows, peach and orange tones, which are complemented by combinations of blue, turquoise and blue. The impression of contrast is masked by grays and whites, which actively participate in the overall palette.

A bedroom with color combinations, among which turquoise dominates, looks optimistic. In such an interior, it is important to create a complex color scheme, consisting of several additional tones, for example, khaki, blue, light blue. As well as tones that are located opposite blue-green on the color wheel, namely, beige, light yellow or even peach, but you need to feel the measure. Because with the introduction of warm bright shades, the room will become like a guest room for communication.

Fashionable Scandinavian style is reflected in the bedrooms. The main tones in color combinations are brown and purple, which require the support of calm shades of gray, lilac and grass. The natural range is combined in such a bedroom with airy shades of frosty air.

A bedroom in blue tones gravitates toward peace and perfection. Nothing seems to distract from relaxation. With a minimum amount of furniture, it looks extravagant. If you add islands of white and cream to blue, this will soften the pressure of blue. In rooms that serve as a place of rest, blotches of optimistic pink are preferred. Bedroom in lilac tones

Raspberry color in the bedroom - for extravagant people. And to enhance the extravagance of purple, partner yellow and neutral black in the colors of shiny nickel help to enhance the extravagance.

Living room

The room in gray-blue combinations is very calm, sustained and requires the introduction of neutral tones - black and white, which dilute the harsh atmosphere of two related tones.

Blue is almost incapable of getting bored, it is fresh, serene and promotes friendly relations between people. But dark blue combinations evoke nostalgia for the past. The situation will be corrected by small blotches of pink and purple, turquoise and white. The introduction of yellow will create a joyful atmosphere in the living room.

Color combinations in neutral tones are the most fertile theme in the interior. After all, in such rooms you can relax with your family and gather friends. You won't get tired of combinations in neutral colors. The main gamma is wenge and adjacent colors: beige and gray - all colors of the earthy palette. And yet, two or three bright inclusions will not hurt from the tones located opposite these combinations - orange and pale green, two color partners.

A living room in a green palette evokes pleasant sensations, reminiscent of spring young grass, the first summer apples. Fresh, juicy and delicate green tone in the interior should be supported by related shades. And if you succeed - your living room will become a favorite place for your family and popular among guests. And believe me, no one will want to leave you for a long time.

Two colors - pink and azure - are simply created to be together! Additional beiges, whites and grays keep the bright fuchsia at bay. All together they are included in the classic triad on the color wheel, complementing each other.

A bright room requires a combination of tones that are self-sufficient in brightness, the basis of which is red-pink and dark gray. No less juicy will be tertiary shades located on the opposite side of pink and red.

The ocher tone of the living room accepts brick and orange, as well as additional tones of gray, khaki and light blue. Orange can be introduced into the design in accessories.

Bathroom
A tiffany or sea breeze bathroom is a pleasant color scheme made up of related tones, the primary of which is blue.

Pink is not typical for a wet room, but if you have a pink bath, then the whole room should be dressed in pastel shades of pink, diluted with gray.

Green combined with related tones and white gives a stunningly refreshing feeling.

Children's
A children's room in beige tones must be combined with pink and light green flowers in delicate shades. White color will not hurt to create complete harmony.

A room in lilac tones, as a rule, is made for girls. Lilac is a tertiary color formed by two tones: secondary pink and primary blue. Lilac brings a touch of playfulness and carelessness.

Kitchen

Peach dining room only at first glance seems bright, if you look closely, you can see a combination of several primary, secondary and tertiary colors in the interior. Primary yellow found partners among tertiary peach (yellow + orange), secondary light orange and beige.

Olive is a complex secondary color formed by two primary colors: yellow and green. It is included in the spectrum of green, which carries freshness, youth and vitality. Yellow, participating in combinations with green, softens this tandem. The resulting yellow-green with a large percentage of yellow symbolizes peace and contemplation.

Conclusion

The perception of color is purely individual. Therefore, when composing the palette of your interior, do not limit yourself to the generally accepted, be guided by your own worldview and desire to do something special. Do not forget that only your favorite colors will bring joy. And to create color combinations in the interior, using the primary color as a basis, the color wheel will help you.